German laryngologist; born at Hamburg Nov. 16, 1848; died there Jan. 7, 1897. He studied at the universities of Heidelberg, Leipsic, Berlin, and Würzburg (M.D. 1873), became assistant at the throat, and later at the ear, dispensary of the University of Vienna, and in 1876 returned to Hamburg, where he practised until his death. His works include "Gesang- und Registerbildung" (Hamburg, 1887) and "Gesch. des Aerztlichen Vereins von Hamburg" (ib. 1896). He translated Mackenzie's "Hygiene of the Vocal Organs" (ib. 1889).