Chi´os, one of the principal islands of the Ionian Archipelago, mentioned in . It belonged to Ionia, and lay between the islands Lesbos and Samos, and distant eight miles from the nearest promontory of Asia Minor. It is thirty miles long from N. to S., and its greatest breadth ten miles. It is very fertile in cotton, silk, and fruit, and was anciently celebrated for its wine. The principal town was also called Chios, and had the advantage of a good harbor. The island is now called by the Greeks Khio, and by the Italians Scio. The wholesale massacre and enslavement of the inhabitants by the Turks in 1822 forms one of the most shocking incidents of the Greek war.