a Roman Catholic theologian of Germany, was born in 1801. Having acted as professor of the gymnasium at Ehingen on the-Danube for fourteen years, he was in 1842 preacher at Wurmlingen, and in 1850 at Rottweil, where he died, February 22, 1881. He published, Geschichte der christl. Religion und Kirche (Ehingen, 1834): — Das Verhlatniss der Schule zu Kirche und Staat (Ulm, 1838): — Aesthetik (Stuttgard, 1839): — Allgemeiner Commentar uber die Psalmen (Carlsruhe, 1842): — Symbolik der christlichen Religion (Tubingen, 1858, 2 volumes): — Der Symbolische Charakter der christlichen Religion und Kunst (Schaffhausen, 1860). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 2:313; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:300. (B.P.)