an Evangelical theologian of Germany, was born at Leopoldshafen, near Carlsruhe, December 15, 1814. He studied at Heidelberg, and in 1845 was appointed professor and university preacher at Gottingeln, where he died, March 20, 1878. He is the author of Theorie des christlichen Cultus (Hamburg and Gotha, 1840): — Entwickelungsgeschichte der Menschheit (Heidelberg, 1845): — Zeugnisse aus dem akademischen Gottesdienste zu Gottingen (Gottingen, 1849): — Zur Geschichte des Katechismus (ibid. 1857): — Praktische Theologie (ibid. 1859): — Christenthum und die moderne Weltanschauung (ibid. 1876). He also contributed to different reviews and periodicals. See Wagenmann, in Herzog-Plitt, Real- Encyklop.; Lichtenberger, Encyclop. des Sciences Religieuses, s.v.; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:309. (B.P.)