a Lutheran theologian of Germany, was born in 1809 at Stecklin, Pomerania. He studied at Halle and Berlin, was preacher at Kolzow, and afterwards military preacher at Stargard. In 1848 he resigned his office and joined the separate Lutherans (q.v.). In 1853 he was called to Breslau, the main seat of the independent Lutherans, and died January 17, 1884. He published, Die Errettung der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche in Preussen (2d ed. Erlangen, 1868): — Die Kampfe der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche in Preussen (Stuttgart, 1869). (B.P.)