a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born Aug. 22, 1773, at Flechtorf, near Brunswick. He studied at Helmstadt, and in 1799 he was called as pastor to Magdeburg. In 1810 he was made superintendent, and in 1812 member of consistory. In 1817 the Halle University conferred on him the degree of doctor of divinity, and in 1825 the king of Prussia appointed him evangelical bishop. Three years later he was made general superintendent of the province of Saxony. He died March 1, 1831. He was one of the most excellent pulpit orators of the evangelical Church, and his Oefeentliche Religionisvortriiges (Magdeburg, 1800) will always be regarded as fine specimens of pulpit eloquence. For his writings, see D ring, Die gelehrten Theologen Deutschlands, 4:703 sq.; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 2, 1439; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 2, 150, 172, 173, 174, 175, 338. (B. P.)