Austrian neuropath; born at Duschnik, Bohemia, Nov. 10, 1835. He was educated at the gymnasium at Pilsen and the University of Vienna, graduating from the latter as doctor of medicine in 1860. Establishing himself as a physician in the Austrian capital in the same year, he was assistant to Professor Leidersdorf from 1861 to 1872, when he, with Dr. Fries, founded a private hospital for mental and nervous diseases at Inzersdorf, near Vienna.