German rabbi; born at Birnbaum, Posen, Germany, Sept. 3, 1834, and educatedat the University of Berlin (Ph. D. Halle). He was rabbi in Schrimm, and since 1888 he has been a "Stiftrabbiner" and teacher in the bet ha-midrash at Inowrazlaw. He has published "Das Hohe Lied," translated in verse, and with notes according to the Midrash (Berlin, 1878), and "Megillat Eka," with a metrical translation and a Hebrew commentary, under the title "Zikron Yehudah" (Schrimm, 1881).