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Shammai

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

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Nave Topical Bible
• Shammai
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Chabad Knowledge Base
• Shammai & Hillel
• Shammai
• House of Shammai
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Fausset Bible Dictionary
• Shammai
Holman Bible Dictionary
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Morrish Bible Dictionary
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Smith Bible Dictionary
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1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
• Shammai
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia
• Shammai
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The Nuttall Encyclopedia
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• B[ea]t Hillel and b[ea]t Shammai
• Shammai
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• שַׁמַּי

a Jewish scribe of the time of King Herod, whom tradition almost invariably couples with Hillel, with whom he stood in striking contrast, not merely in legal-religious decisions and discussions, but also in character and temperament. His motto (Aboth i. 15) reads: "Make thy study of the Thora a firmly established duty; say little and do much; and receive every man with friendly countenance." The last admonition is characteristic, as Shammai was choleric and brusque. The opposition between Shammai and Hillel was perpetuated by their respective schools, till, under Gamaliel II., the strife was decided at Jabneh in favour of the school of Hillel. (W. BA.)