Study Desk

At that time Joshua turned back and captured Hazor and put its king to the sword.^(u) (Hazor had been the head of all these kingdoms.)

Everyone in it they put to the sword. They totally destroyed^[a] them,^(v) not sparing anyone that breathed,^(w) and he burned^(x) Hazor itself.

Joshua took all these royal cities and their kings and put them to the sword. He totally destroyed them, as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded.^(y)

Yet Israel did not burn any of the cities built on their mounds—except Hazor, which Joshua burned.

The Israelites carried off for themselves all the plunder and livestock of these cities, but all the people they put to the sword until they completely destroyed them, not sparing anyone that breathed.^(z)

As the Lord commanded his servant Moses, so Moses commanded Joshua, and Joshua did it; he left nothing undone of all that the Lord commanded Moses.^(aa)

So Joshua took this entire land: the hill country,^(ab) all the Negev,^(ac) the whole region of Goshen, the western foothills,^(ad) the Arabah and the mountains of Israel with their foothills,

from Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir,^(ae) to Baal Gad^(af) in the Valley of Lebanon^(ag) below Mount Hermon.^(ah) He captured all their kings and put them to death.^(ai)

Joshua waged war against all these kings for a long time.

Except for the Hivites^(aj) living in Gibeon,^(ak) not one city made a treaty of peace^(al) with the Israelites, who took them all in battle.

For it was the Lord himself who hardened their hearts^(am) to wage war against Israel, so that he might destroy them totally, exterminating them without mercy, as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(an)

At that time Joshua went and destroyed the Anakites^(ao) from the hill country: from Hebron, Debir^(ap) and Anab,^(aq) from all the hill country of Judah, and from all the hill country of Israel. Joshua totally destroyed them and their towns.

No Anakites were left in Israelite territory; only in Gaza,^(ar) Gath^(as) and Ashdod^(at) did any survive.

So Joshua took the entire land,^(au) just as the Lord had directed Moses, and he gave it as an inheritance^(av) to Israel according to their tribal divisions.^(aw) Then the land had rest^(ax) from war.^(ay)

List of Defeated Kings

These are the kings of the land whom the Israelites had defeated and whose territory they took^(a) over east of the Jordan,^(b) from the Arnon^(c) Gorge to Mount Hermon,^(d) including all the eastern side of the Arabah:^(e)

Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon.^(f) He ruled from Aroer^(g) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge—from the middle of the gorge—to the Jabbok River,^(h) which is the border of the Ammonites.⁽ⁱ⁾ This included half of Gilead.^(j)

He also ruled over the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Galilee^[a](k) to the Sea of the Arabah (that is, the Dead Sea^(l)), to Beth Jeshimoth,^(m) and then southward below the slopes of Pisgah.⁽ⁿ⁾

And the territory of Og king of Bashan,^(o) one of the last of the Rephaites,^(p) who reigned in Ashtaroth^(q) and Edrei.

He ruled over Mount Hermon, Salekah,^(r) all of Bashan^(s) to the border of the people of Geshur^(t) and Maakah,^(u) and half of Gilead^(v) to the border of Sihon king of Heshbon.

Moses, the servant of the Lord , and the Israelites conquered them.^(w) And Moses the servant of the Lord gave their land to the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh to be their possession.^(x)

Here is a list of the kings of the land that Joshua and the Israelites conquered on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Valley of Lebanon^(y) to Mount Halak, which rises toward Seir. Joshua gave their lands as an inheritance to the tribes of Israel according to their tribal divisions.

The lands included the hill country, the western foothills, the Arabah, the mountain slopes, the wilderness and the Negev.^(z) These were the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. These were the kings:^(aa)

the king of Jericho(ab)	one
the king of Ai(ac) (near Bethel(ad))	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:10 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Jerusalem(ae)	one
the king of Hebron	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:11 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Jarmuth	one
the king of Lachish(af)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:12 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Eglon(ag)	one
the king of Gezer(ah)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:13 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Debir(ai)	one
the king of Geder	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:14 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Hormah(aj)	one
the king of Arad(ak)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:15 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Libnah(al)	one
the king of Adullam(am)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:16 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Makkedah(an)	one
the king of Bethel(ao)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:17 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Tappuah(ap)	one
the king of Hepher(aq)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:18 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Aphek(ar)	one
the king of Lasharon	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:19 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Madon	one
the king of Hazor(as)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:20 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Shimron Meron	one
the king of Akshaph(at)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:21 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Taanach(au)	one
the king of Megiddo(av)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:22 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Kedesh(aw)	one
the king of Jokneam(ax) in Carmel(ay)	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:23 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Dor (in Naphoth Dor(az))	one
the king of Goyim in Gilgal	one Footnotes:   Cross References:   Joshua 12:24 [ Read Chapter | Listen to Audio | View Context | Multi-Translations | Study Tools ]
the king of Tirzah(ba)	one
thirty-one kings in all.(bb)

Land Still to Be Taken

When Joshua had grown old,^(a) the Lord said to him, "You are now very old, and there are still very large areas of land to be taken over.

"This is the land that remains: all the regions of the Philistines^(b) and Geshurites,^(c)

from the Shihor River^(d) on the east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron^(e) on the north, all of it counted as Canaanite though held by the five Philistine rulers^(f) in Gaza, Ashdod,^(g) Ashkelon,^(h) Gath and Ekron; the territory of the Avvites⁽ⁱ⁾

on the south; all the land of the Canaanites, from Arah of the Sidonians as far as Aphek^(j) and the border of the Amorites;^(k)

the area of Byblos;^(l) and all Lebanon^(m) to the east, from Baal Gad below Mount Hermon⁽ⁿ⁾ to Lebo Hamath.^(o)

"As for all the inhabitants of the mountain regions from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim,^(p) that is, all the Sidonians, I myself will drive them out^(q) before the Israelites. Be sure to allocate this land to Israel for an inheritance, as I have instructed you,^(r)

and divide it as an inheritance^(s) among the nine tribes and half of the tribe of Manasseh."

The other half of Manasseh,^[a] the Reubenites and the Gadites had received the inheritance that Moses had given them east of the Jordan, as he, the servant of the Lord , had assigned^(t) it to them.^(u)

It extended from Aroer^(v) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge, and from the town in the middle of the gorge, and included the whole plateau^(w) of Medeba as far as Dibon,^(x)

and all the towns of Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon,^(y) out to the border of the Ammonites.^(z)

It also included Gilead,^(aa) the territory of the people of Geshur and Maakah, all of Mount Hermon and all Bashan as far as Salekah^(ab)—

that is, the whole kingdom of Og in Bashan,^(ac) who had reigned in Ashtaroth^(ad) and Edrei.^(ae) (He was the last of the Rephaites.^(af)) Moses had defeated them and taken over their land.^(ag)

But the Israelites did not drive out the people of Geshur^(ah) and Maakah,^(ai) so they continue to live among the Israelites to this day.^(aj)

But to the tribe of Levi he gave no inheritance, since the food offerings presented to the Lord , the God of Israel, are their inheritance, as he promised them.^(ak)

This is what Moses had given to the tribe of Reuben, according to its clans:

The territory from Aroer^(al) on the rim of the Arnon Gorge, and from the town in the middle of the gorge, and the whole plateau past Medeba^(am)

to Heshbon and all its towns on the plateau,^(an) including Dibon,^(ao) Bamoth Baal,^(ap) Beth Baal Meon,^(aq)

Jahaz,^(ar) Kedemoth,^(as) Mephaath,^(at)

Kiriathaim,^(au) Sibmah,^(av) Zereth Shahar on the hill in the valley,

Beth Peor,^(aw) the slopes of Pisgah, and Beth Jeshimoth—

all the towns on the plateau^(ax) and the entire realm of Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled at Heshbon. Moses had defeated him and the Midianite chiefs,^(ay) Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba^(az)—princes allied with Sihon—who lived in that country.

In addition to those slain in battle, the Israelites had put to the sword Balaam son of Beor,^(ba) who practiced divination.^(bb)

The boundary of the Reubenites was the bank of the Jordan. These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the Reubenites, according to their clans.^(bc)

This is what Moses had given to the tribe of Gad, according to its clans:

The territory of Jazer,^(bd) all the towns of Gilead^(be) and half the Ammonite country as far as Aroer, near Rabbah;^(bf)

and from Heshbon^(bg) to Ramath Mizpah and Betonim, and from Mahanaim^(bh) to the territory of Debir;^(bi)

and in the valley, Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah,^(bj) Sukkoth^(bk) and Zaphon^(bl) with the rest of the realm of Sihon king of Heshbon (the east side of the Jordan, the territory up to the end of the Sea of Galilee^[b](bm)).

These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the Gadites,^(bn) according to their clans.

This is what Moses had given to the half-tribe of Manasseh, that is, to half the family of the descendants of Manasseh, according to its clans:

The territory extending from Mahanaim^(bo) and including all of Bashan,^(bp) the entire realm of Og king of Bashan^(bq)—all the settlements of Jair^(br) in Bashan, sixty towns,

half of Gilead, and Ashtaroth and Edrei (the royal cities of Og in Bashan).^(bs) This was for the descendants of Makir^(bt) son of Manasseh—for half of the sons of Makir, according to their clans.^(bu)

This is the inheritance Moses had given when he was in the plains of Moab^(bv) across the Jordan east of Jericho.^(bw)

But to the tribe of Levi, Moses had given no inheritance;^(bx) the Lord , the God of Israel, is their inheritance,^(by) as he promised them.^(bz)

Division of the Land West of the Jordan

Now these are the areas the Israelites received as an inheritance^(a) in the land of Canaan, which Eleazar^(b) the priest, Joshua son of Nun and the heads of the tribal clans of Israel^(c) allotted^(d) to them.^(e)

Their inheritances were assigned by lot^(f) to the nine and a half tribes,^(g) as the Lord had commanded through Moses.

Moses had granted the two and a half tribes their inheritance east of the Jordan^(h) but had not granted the Levites an inheritance among the rest,⁽ⁱ⁾

for Joseph's descendants had become two tribes—Manasseh and Ephraim.^(j) The Levites received no share of the land but only towns to live in, with pasturelands for their flocks and herds.^(k)

So the Israelites divided the land, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.^(l)

Now the people of Judah approached Joshua at Gilgal,^(m) and Caleb son of Jephunneh⁽ⁿ⁾ the Kenizzite said to him, "You know what the Lord said to Moses the man of God^(o) at Kadesh Barnea^(p) about you and me.^(q)

I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the Lord sent me from Kadesh Barnea^(r) to explore the land.^(s) And I brought him back a report according to my convictions,^(t)

but my fellow Israelites who went up with me made the hearts of the people melt in fear.^(u) I, however, followed the Lord my God wholeheartedly.^(v)

So on that day Moses swore to me, ‘The land on which your feet have walked will be your inheritance^(w) and that of your children^(x) forever, because you have followed the Lord my God wholeheartedly.'^[a]

"Now then, just as the Lord promised,^(y) he has kept me alive for forty-five years since the time he said this to Moses, while Israel moved^(z) about in the wilderness. So here I am today, eighty-five years old!^(aa)

I am still as strong^(ab) today as the day Moses sent me out; I'm just as vigorous^(ac) to go out to battle now as I was then.

Now give me this hill country that the Lord promised me that day.^(ad) You yourself heard then that the Anakites^(ae) were there and their cities were large and fortified,^(af) but, the Lord helping me, I will drive them out just as he said."

Then Joshua blessed^(ag) Caleb son of Jephunneh^(ah) and gave him Hebron^(ai) as his inheritance.^(aj)

So Hebron has belonged to Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite ever since, because he followed the Lord , the God of Israel, wholeheartedly.^(ak)

(Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba^(al) after Arba,^(am) who was the greatest man among the Anakites.) Then the land had rest^(an) from war.