Study Desk

In the twelfth year of Ahaz king of Judah, ^(a)Hoshea the son of Elah became king over Israel in Samaria, and reigned nine years.

He did evil in the sight of the Lord , only not as the kings of Israel who were before him.

^(b)Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up ^(c)against him, and Hoshea became his servant and paid him tribute.

But the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea, who had sent messengers to So king of Egypt and had offered no tribute to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year; so the king of Assyria shut him up and bound him in prison.

Then the king of Assyria invaded the whole land and went up to ^(d)Samaria and besieged it three years.

In the ninth year of Hoshea, ^(e)the king of Assyria captured Samaria and ^(f)carried Israel away into exile to Assyria, and ^(g)settled them in Halah and Habor, on the river of ^(h)Gozan, and ⁽ⁱ⁾in the cities of the Medes.

Now ^(j)this came about because the sons of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, ^(k)who had brought them up from the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, ^(l)and they had ^[a]feared other gods

and ^(m)walked in the ^[b]customs of the nations whom the Lord had driven out before the sons of Israel, and in the customs ⁽ⁿ⁾of the kings of Israel which they had ^[c]introduced.

The sons of Israel ^[d]did things secretly which were not right against the Lord their God. Moreover, they built for themselves high places in all their towns, from ^(o)watchtower to fortified city.

^(p)They set for themselves sacred pillars and ^[e](q)Asherim on every high hill and under every green tree,

and there they burned incense on all the high places as the nations did which the Lord had carried away to exile before them; and they did evil things provoking the Lord .

They served idols, ^(r)concerning which the Lord had said to them, "You shall not do this thing."

Yet the ^(s) Lord warned Israel and Judah ^(t)through all His prophets and ^(u)every seer, saying, "^(v)Turn from your evil ways and keep My commandments, My statutes according to all the law which I commanded your fathers, and which I sent to you through My servants the prophets."

However, they did not listen, but ^(w)stiffened their neck ^[f]like their fathers, who did not believe in the Lord their God.

^(x)They rejected His statutes and ^(y)His covenant which He made with their fathers and His warnings with which He warned them. And ^(z)they followed vanity and ^(aa)became vain, and went after the nations which surrounded them, concerning which the ^(ab) Lord had commanded them not to do like them.

They forsook all the commandments of the Lord their God and made for themselves molten images, even ^(ac)two calves, and ^(ad)made an ^[g]Asherah and ^(ae)worshiped all the host of heaven and ^(af)served Baal.

Then ^(ag)they made their sons and their daughters pass through the fire, and ^(ah)practiced divination and enchantments, and ^(ai)sold themselves to do evil in the sight of the Lord , provoking Him.

So the Lord was very angry with Israel and ^(aj)removed them from His ^[h]sight; ^(ak)none was left except the tribe of Judah.

Also ^(al)Judah did not keep the commandments of the Lord their God, but ^(am)walked in the ^[i]customs ^[j]which Israel had ^[k]introduced.

The Lord rejected all the ^[l]descendants of Israel and afflicted them and ^(an)gave them into the hand of plunderers, until He had cast them ^[m]out of His sight.

When ^(ao)He had torn Israel from the house of David, ^(ap)they made Jeroboam the son of Nebat king. Then ^(aq)Jeroboam drove Israel away from following the Lord and made them ^[n]commit a great sin.

The sons of Israel walked in all the sins of Jeroboam which he did; they did not depart from them

^(ar)until the Lord removed Israel from His sight, ^(as)as He spoke through all His servants the prophets. ^(at)So Israel was carried away into exile from their own land to Assyria until this day.

^(au)The king of Assyria brought men from Babylon and from Cuthah and from ^[o](av)Avva and from ^(aw)Hamath and Sepharvaim, and settled them in the cities of Samaria in place of the sons of Israel. So they possessed Samaria and lived in its cities.

At the beginning of their living there, they ^(ax)did not fear the Lord ; therefore the Lord sent lions among them which killed some of them.

So they spoke to the king of Assyria, saying, "The nations whom you have carried away into exile in the cities of Samaria do not know the custom of the god of the land; so he has sent lions among them, and behold, they kill them because they do not know the custom of the god of the land."

Then the king of Assyria commanded, saying, "Take there one of the priests whom you carried away into ^[p]exile and let ^[q]him go and live there; and let him teach them the custom of the god of the land."

So one of the priests whom they had carried away into exile from Samaria came and lived at Bethel, and taught them how they should fear the Lord .

But every nation still made gods of its own and put them ^(ay)in the houses of the high places which the people of Samaria had made, every nation in their cities in which they lived.

^(az)The men of Babylon made Succoth-benoth, the men of Cuth made Nergal, the men of Hamath made Ashima,

and the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak; and ^(ba)the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire to ^(bb)Adrammelech and Anammelech the gods of ^(bc)Sepharvaim.

^(bd)They also feared the Lord and ^[r](be)appointed from among themselves priests of the high places, who acted for them in the houses of the high places.

They feared the Lord and served their own gods according to the custom of the nations from among whom they had been carried away into exile.

To this day they do according to the earlier customs: they do not fear the Lord , nor do they ^[s]follow their statutes or their ordinances or the law, or the commandments which the Lord commanded the sons of Jacob, ^(bf)whom He named Israel;

with whom the Lord made a covenant and commanded them, saying, "^(bg)You shall not fear other gods, nor ^(bh)bow down yourselves to them nor ^(bi)serve them nor sacrifice to them.

But the Lord , ^(bj)who brought you up from the land of Egypt with great power and with ^(bk)an outstretched arm, ^(bl)Him you shall fear, and to Him you shall bow yourselves down, and to Him you shall sacrifice.

The statutes and the ordinances and the law and the commandment which He wrote for you, ^(bm)you shall observe to do forever; and you shall not fear other gods.

The covenant that I have made with you, ^(bn)you shall not forget, nor shall you fear other gods.

But the Lord your God you shall fear; and He will deliver you from the hand of all your enemies."

However, they did not listen, but they did according to their earlier custom.

^(bo)So while these nations feared the Lord , they also served their ^[t]idols; their children likewise and their grandchildren, as their fathers did, so they do to this day.

Now it came about ^(a)in the third year of Hoshea, the son of Elah king of Israel, that ^(b)Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah became king.

He was ^(c)twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; and his mother's name was Abi the daughter of Zechariah.

^(d)He did right in the sight of the Lord , according to all that his father David had done.

^(e)He removed the high places and broke down the sacred pillars and cut down the ^[a]Asherah. He also broke in pieces ^(f)the bronze serpent that Moses had made, for until those days the sons of Israel burned incense to it; and it was called ^[b]Nehushtan.

^(g)He trusted in the Lord , the God of Israel; ^(h)so that after him there was none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor among those who were before him.

For he ⁽ⁱ⁾clung to the Lord ; he did not depart from following Him, but kept His commandments, which the Lord had commanded Moses.

^(j)And the Lord was with him; wherever he went he prospered. And ^(k)he rebelled against the king of Assyria and did not serve him.

^(l)He ^[c]defeated the Philistines as far as Gaza and its territory, from ^(m)watchtower to fortified city.

Now in the fourth year of King Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, ⁽ⁿ⁾Shalmaneser king of Assyria came up against Samaria and besieged it.

At the end of three years they captured it; in the sixth year of Hezekiah, which was ^(o)the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, Samaria was captured.

Then the king of Assyria carried Israel away into exile to Assyria, and put them in ^(p)Halah and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes,

because they ^(q)did not obey the voice of the Lord their God, but transgressed His covenant, even all that Moses the servant of the Lord commanded; they would neither listen nor do it.

^(r)Now in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and seized them.

Then Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria at Lachish, saying, "^(s)I have done wrong. ^[d]Withdraw from me; whatever you ^[e]impose on me I will bear." So the king of Assyria ^[f]required of Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.

^(t)Hezekiah gave him all the silver which was found in the house of the Lord , and in the treasuries of the king's house.

At that time Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the Lord , and from the doorposts which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria.

Then the king of Assyria sent ^(u)Tartan and Rab-saris and Rabshakeh from Lachish to King Hezekiah with a large army to Jerusalem. So they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they went up, they came and stood by the ^(v)conduit of the upper pool, which is on the highway of the ^[g]fuller's field.

When they called to the king, ^(w)Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and ^(x)Shebnah the scribe and Joah the son of Asaph the recorder, came out to them.

Then Rabshakeh said to them, "Say now to Hezekiah, ‘Thus says the great king, the king of Assyria, "^(y)What is this confidence that you ^[h]have?

You say (but they are ^[i]only empty words), ‘I have counsel and strength for the war.' Now on whom do you rely, ^(z)that you have rebelled against me?

Now behold, you ^[j](aa)rely on the staff of this crushed reed, even on Egypt; on which if a man leans, it will go into his ^[k]hand and pierce it. So is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who rely on him.

But if you say to me, ‘We trust in the Lord our God,' is it not He whose high places and ^(ab)whose altars Hezekiah has taken away, and has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, ‘You shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem'?

Now therefore, ^[l]come, make a bargain with my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses, if you are able on your part to set riders on them.

How then can you ^[m]repulse one ^[n]official of the least of my master's servants, and ^[o]rely on Egypt for chariots and for horsemen?

Have I now come up ^[p]without the Lord's approval against this place to destroy it? The Lord said to me, ‘Go up against this land and destroy it.'"'"

Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebnah and Joah, said to Rabshakeh, "Speak now to your servants in Aramaic, for we ^[q]understand it; and do not speak with us in ^[r](ac)Judean in the hearing of the people who are on the wall."

But Rabshakeh said to them, "Has my master sent me only to your master and to you to speak these words, and not to the men who sit on the wall, doomed to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you?"

Then Rabshakeh stood and cried with a loud voice in Judean, ^[s]saying, "Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria.

Thus says the king, ‘^(ad)Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you from ^[t]my hand;

nor let Hezekiah make you trust in the Lord , saying, "The Lord will surely deliver us, and this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria."

Do not listen to Hezekiah, for thus says the king of Assyria, "^[u]Make your peace with me and come out to me, and eat ^(ae)each of his vine and each of his fig tree and drink each of the waters of his own cistern,

until I come and take you away ^(af)to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of olive trees and honey, that you may live and not die." But do not listen to Hezekiah when he misleads you, saying, "The Lord will deliver us."

^(ag)Has any one of the gods of the nations delivered his land from the hand of the king of Assyria?

^(ah)Where are the gods of Hamath and ^(ai)Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena and ^[v](aj)Ivvah? Have they delivered Samaria from my hand?

Who among all the gods of the lands ^[w]have delivered their land from my hand, ^(ak)that the Lord should deliver Jerusalem from my hand?'"

But the people were silent and answered him not a word, for the king's commandment was, "Do not answer him."

Then ^(al)Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, and Shebna the scribe and Joah the son of Asaph, the recorder, came to Hezekiah ^(am)with their clothes torn and told him the words of Rabshakeh.