Study Desk

Rules for Priests

The Lord said to Moses, "Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron,^(a) and say to them: ‘A priest must not make himself ceremonially unclean^(b) for any of his people who die,^(c)

except for a close relative, such as his mother or father,^(d) his son or daughter, his brother,

or an unmarried sister who is dependent on him since she has no husband—for her he may make himself unclean.^(e)

He must not make himself unclean for people related to him by marriage,^[a] and so defile himself.

"‘Priests must not shave^(f) their heads or shave off the edges of their beards^(g) or cut their bodies.^(h)

They must be holy to their God⁽ⁱ⁾ and must not profane the name of their God.^(j) Because they present the food offerings to the Lord ,^(k) the food of their God,^(l) they are to be holy.^(m)

"‘They must not marry women defiled by prostitution or divorced from their husbands,⁽ⁿ⁾ because priests are holy to their God.^(o)

Regard them as holy,^(p) because they offer up the food of your God.^(q) Consider them holy, because I the Lord am holy—I who make you holy.^(r)

"‘If a priest's daughter defiles herself by becoming a prostitute, she disgraces her father; she must be burned in the fire.^(s)

"‘The high priest, the one among his brothers who has had the anointing oil poured on his head^(t) and who has been ordained to wear the priestly garments,^(u) must not let his hair become unkempt^[b] or tear his clothes.^(v)

He must not enter a place where there is a dead body.^(w) He must not make himself unclean,^(x) even for his father or mother,^(y)

nor leave the sanctuary^(z) of his God or desecrate it, because he has been dedicated by the anointing oil^(aa) of his God. I am the Lord .

"‘The woman he marries must be a virgin.^(ab)

He must not marry a widow, a divorced woman, or a woman defiled by prostitution, but only a virgin from his own people,

so that he will not defile his offspring among his people. I am the Lord , who makes him holy.'"

The Lord said to Moses,

"Say to Aaron: ‘For the generations to come none of your descendants who has a defect^(ac) may come near to offer the food of his God.^(ad)

No man who has any defect^(ae) may come near: no man who is blind^(af) or lame,^(ag) disfigured or deformed;

no man with a crippled foot or hand,

or who is a hunchback or a dwarf, or who has any eye defect, or who has festering or running sores or damaged testicles.^(ah)

No descendant of Aaron the priest who has any defect^(ai) is to come near to present the food offerings to the Lord .^(aj) He has a defect; he must not come near to offer the food of his God.^(ak)

He may eat the most holy food of his God,^(al) as well as the holy food;

yet because of his defect,^(am) he must not go near the curtain or approach the altar, and so desecrate my sanctuary.^(an) I am the Lord , who makes them holy.^(ao)'"

So Moses told this to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites.

The Lord said to Moses,

"Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings^(a) the Israelites consecrate to me, so they will not profane my holy name.^(b) I am the Lord .^(c)

"Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord ,^(d) that person must be cut off from my presence.^(e) I am the Lord .

"‘If a descendant of Aaron has a defiling skin disease^[a] or a bodily discharge,^(f) he may not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if he touches something defiled by a corpse^(g) or by anyone who has an emission of semen,

or if he touches any crawling thing^(h) that makes him unclean, or any person⁽ⁱ⁾ who makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be.

The one who touches any such thing will be unclean^(j) till evening.^(k) He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water.^(l)

When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.^(m)

He must not eat anything found dead⁽ⁿ⁾ or torn by wild animals,^(o) and so become unclean^(p) through it. I am the Lord .^(q)

"‘The priests are to perform my service^(r) in such a way that they do not become guilty^(s) and die^(t) for treating it with contempt. I am the Lord , who makes them holy.^(u)

"‘No one outside a priest's family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.^(v)

But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if slaves are born in his household, they may eat his food.^(w)

If a priest's daughter marries anyone other than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions.

But if a priest's daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she returns to live in her father's household as in her youth, she may eat her father's food. No unauthorized person, however, may eat it.

"‘Anyone who eats a sacred offering by mistake^(x) must make restitution to the priest for the offering and add a fifth of the value^(y) to it.

The priests must not desecrate the sacred offerings^(z) the Israelites present to the Lord ^(aa)

by allowing them to eat^(ab) the sacred offerings and so bring upon them guilt^(ac) requiring payment.^(ad) I am the Lord , who makes them holy.^(ae)'"

Unacceptable Sacrifices

The Lord said to Moses,

"Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites and say to them: ‘If any of you—whether an Israelite or a foreigner residing in Israel^(af)—presents a gift^(ag) for a burnt offering to the Lord , either to fulfill a vow^(ah) or as a freewill offering,^(ai)

you must present a male without defect^(aj) from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be accepted on your behalf.^(ak)

Do not bring anything with a defect,^(al) because it will not be accepted on your behalf.^(am)

When anyone brings from the herd or flock^(an) a fellowship offering^(ao) to the Lord to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering,^(ap) it must be without defect or blemish^(aq) to be acceptable.^(ar)

Do not offer to the Lord the blind, the injured or the maimed, or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do not place any of these on the altar as a food offering presented to the Lord .

You may, however, present as a freewill offering an ox^[b] or a sheep that is deformed or stunted, but it will not be accepted in fulfillment of a vow.

You must not offer to the Lord an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn or cut.^(as) You must not do this in your own land,

and you must not accept such animals from the hand of a foreigner and offer them as the food of your God.^(at) They will not be accepted on your behalf, because they are deformed and have defects.^(au)'"

The Lord said to Moses,

"When a calf, a lamb or a goat^(av) is born, it is to remain with its mother for seven days.^(aw) From the eighth day^(ax) on, it will be acceptable^(ay) as a food offering presented to the Lord .

Do not slaughter a cow or a sheep and its young on the same day.^(az)

"When you sacrifice a thank offering^(ba) to the Lord , sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf.

It must be eaten that same day; leave none of it till morning.^(bb) I am the Lord .^(bc)

"Keep^(bd) my commands and follow them.^(be) I am the Lord .

Do not profane my holy name,^(bf) for I must be acknowledged as holy by the Israelites.^(bg) I am the Lord , who made you holy^(bh)

and who brought you out of Egypt^(bi) to be your God.^(bj) I am the Lord ."