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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2807 - κλείς
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- a key
- since the keeper of the keys has the power to open and to shut
- metaph. in the NT to denote power and authority of various kinds
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
κλείς, ἡ,
gen. κλειδός; Att. acc. κλεῖν, v.infr. 1.3, 111, later κλεῖδα AP 6.306 (Aristo), Plu. Art. 9: pl. κλεῖδες, κλεῖδας, contr. κλεῖς, v. infr. 111, dat. κλεισίν Pl. Ax. 371b: — Ion. κληΐς [ ῑ], κληῗδος, κληῗδα, etc. (Hom. uses only the Ion. form): — Dor. κλᾱΐς, κλαΐδος [ῐ ] Simon. 23, Pi. P. 9.39; but acc. pl. κλᾱῗδας ib. 8.4; acc. κλαῖδα or κλᾷδα Call. Cer. 45; cf. κλᾴξ: — Aeol. κλᾶϊς (κλαῖς cod.) · μοχλός, Hsch.; κλάϊς acc. κλάϊν Et.Gud. ap.Schaefer Greg.Cor. p.584: pl. κλᾷδες κλᾶδες cod.) · ζυγά, Hsch.: — old Att. κλῄς, κλῇδος, acc. κλῇδα E. Med. 212 (anap.), 661 (lyr.): κλείς and κλῄς in the same Att. Inscr., IG 22.1414.44 and 47. (κλᾱϝῑς, cf. Lat. clavis, claudo.)
I
1 bar, bolt, θύρας σταθμοῖσιν ἐπῆρσε (sc. Hera, from within) κληῗδι κρυπτῇ Il. 14.168, cf. Od. 21.241; κληῗδος ἱμάς ib. 4.802, cf. 838; ἐπὶ δὲ κληῗδ' ἐτάνυσσεν ἱμάντι 1.442; = ἐπιβλής, Il. 24.455.
2. catch or hook, passed through the door from the outside to catch the strap (ἱμάς) attached to the bar (ὀχεύς), ἐν δὲ κληῗδ' ἧκε, θυρέων δ' ἀνέκοπτεν ὀχῆας ἄντα τιτυσκομένη Od. 21.47, cf. 50; οἴξασα κληῗδι θύρας Il. 6.89; δοιοὶ δ' ἔντοσθεν ὀχῆες εἶχον ἐπημοιβοί, μία δὲ κληῒς ἐπαρήρει 12.456, cf. Parm. 1.14.
3. later, key, τὴν κλεῖν ἐφέλκεται Lys. 1.13; κλεῖν παρακλείδιον a false key, Pl.Com. 77: pl., κλῇδας οἶδα δώματος A. Eu. 827, cf. E. Ba. 448; Λακωνικὴ κ. Men. 343; κυριεύσοντα τῶν κ. OGI 229.56 (Smyrna, iii B.C.); of a sacred key carried in processions, SIG 900.14 (Panamara, iv A.D.), 996.24 (Smyrna, perh. i A.D.).
4. metaph., Ἁσυχία βουλᾶν τε καὶ πολέμων ἔχοισα κλαῗδας Pi. P. 8.4, cf. 9.39; ἔστι κἀμοὶ κλῂς ἐπὶ γλώσσῃ, of silence, A. Fr. 316, cf. S. OC 1052 (lyr.); καθαρὰν ἀνοῖξαι κλῇδα φρενῶν E. Med. 661 (lyr.); κλῇδας γάμου φυλάττει, of Hera, Ar. Th. 976 (lyr.); of the key to a problem, Vett.Val. 179.4.
II
1. hook or tongue of a clasp, Od. 18.294.
2. stop-cock, Hero Spir. 1.25.
III collar-bone, prob. so called from its hook shape (v. supr. 1.2), Hom. (only in Il.), ὅθι κληῒς ἀποέργει αὐχένα τε στῆθός τε 8.325; κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξ', ἀπὸ δ' αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ' ἀπὸ νώτου 5.146; ᾗ κληῗδες ἀπ' ὤμων αὐχέν' ἔχουσι 22.324, cf. Hp. Aër. 7, Art. 13; πᾳῖσον ἐμᾶς ὑπὸ κλῇδος S. Tr. 1035; τὴν κλεῖν συνετρίβην And. 1.61; τὴν κλεῖν κατεαγώς D. 18.67: pl., Diog. Apoll.6, etc.; τὰ πλάγια καὶ τὰς κλεῖδας Arist. HA 513b35; αἱ κλεῖδες (v.l. κλεῖς) καὶ αἱ πλευραί, of the crocodile, ib. 516a28; κλεῖδες ὀπταί roast shoulder-bones of the tunny (with play on 1.3, visible keys, opp. κρυπταὶ κλεῖδες of the Laconians), Aristopho 7.2, cf. Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 8.357a. rowing bench in a ship, freq. in Od., always in pl.; ἐπὶ κληῗσι καθίζειν 2.419, etc.; κληΐδεσσιν ἐφήμενοι 12.215; once in Il., πεντήκοντ' ἔσαν ἄνδρες ἐπὶ κληῗσιν 16.170; δησάμενοι.. ἐπὶ κληῗσιν ἐρετμά Od. 8.37. of promontories, straits, etc., Κληῗδες or Κληΐδες τῆς Κύπρου Hdt. 5.108, cf. Str. 14.6.3; πόντου κλῇδ ', of the Bosporus, E. Med. 212 (lyr.). in pl., sacred chaplets, Id. Tr. 256 (anap.) (Ephes., acc. to Hsch.). in versification, clausula, cadence, Sch. Ar. Pax 1127.
κλείς, κλειδός, accusative κλεῖδα and κλεῖν (Luke 11:52; Revelation 3:7), accusative plural κλεῖδας and κλείς (Matthew 16:19; Revelation 1:18; cf. Kühner, § 130, i., p. 357; Winers Grammar, 65 (63), cf. Buttmann, 24 (22); (WH's Appendix, p. 157)), ἡ (from Homer down); a key. Since the keeper of the keys has the power to open and to shut, the word κλείς is figuratively used in the N. T. to denote power and authority of various kinds (cf. B. D., under the word
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κλείς , -δός ,
Att.. acc, κλεῖν , later -εῖδα , pl., κλεῖδες , -ας , contr., -εῖς , ἡ ,
[in LXX for H4668, Isaiah 22:22, al.;]
a key. Fig., τ . βασιλείας τ . οὐρανῶν , Matthew 16:19; τ . γνώσεως , Luke 11:52; of David (cf. LXX, l.c.), Revelation 3:7; τ . θανάτου κ . τ . ᾅδου , Revelation 1:18; τ . ἀβύσσαυ , Revelation 20:1; τ . φρέατος τῆς ἀ ., Revelation 9:1.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
P Petr II. 39 (d).16 (accounts—iii/B.C.) κλειδοποιῷ τιμὴν κλειδῶν. For acc. sing. κλεῖδα, as in Luke 11:52, cf. P Oxy I. 113.3 (ii/A.D.) ἔπεμψά σοι διὰ Ὡρ [ίων ]ο [ς ] τὴν κλεῖδα (cf. ib. .16 μὴ δόξῃς με ἠμεληκότα τῆς κλειδός), and for acc. plur. κλεῖδας, as in Matthew 16:19, cf. CP Herm I. 8ii. 5 λαβόντες τὰς κλῖδας τῶν θησ [α ]υρῶν, BGU I. 253.18 (iii/A.D.) κλεῖδας ἐπιστήσομαι. On the other hand, for κλεῖν, as in Revelation 3:7; Revelation 20:1, cf. P Oxy VIII. 1127.25 (A.D. 183) κλεῖν μίαν, and for κλεῖς, as in Revelation 1:18, cf. ib. IV. 729.23 (A.D. 137) ἃς ἂν παραλάβωσι θύρας καὶ κλεῖς, ";any doors and keys they may have received,"; a common phrase in leases : cf. P Lond 216.29 (A.D. 94) (= II. p. 187) παραδόσθαι τὸν θ [η ]σαυρὸν. . σὺν ταῖς ἐφεστώισαι [ς ] θυραῖσι κ (αὶ) κλ [εῖ ]σι. See further Mayser Gr. p. 272, Reinhold, p. 51. We can supply no good parallel to the figurative use of κλείς in the NT, but the κλειδὸς πομπή or ἀγωγή in honour of the goddess Hecate is perhaps worth recalling, when a priestess, known as the κλειδοφόρος, carried a golden key, the symbol of Hecate, in the solemn procession at Stratonicea : see Syll 420.14 with the editor’s note, and BCH xi. (1887) p. 36 f. A curious verbal correspondence to our phrase ";having the power of the keys"; may be seen in OGIS 229.56 (iii/B.C.) καὶ ἄρχοντα δὲ ὃν ἂν ἀποστέλληι ὁ δῆμος κυριεύσοντά τε τῶγ κλειδῶν καὶ ἐσόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς φυλακῆς τῆς πόλεως, with reference to the protection of the city of Smyrna. With Luke 11:52 cf. the new fragment of a lost gospel, P Oxy IV.655.41 ff τὴν κλεῖδα τῆς [γνώσεως ἐ ]κρύψ [ατε · αὐτοὶ οὐκ ] εἰσήλ [θατε, καὶ τοῖς ] εἰσερ [χομένοις οὐ ]κ ἀν [εῴξατε. . .. For the Ionic form κληισ see Michel 594.91 al. (Delos—B.C. 279), and for the dim. κλειδίον see BGU III. 775.5 al (ii/A.D.). The adj. κλειδοποιός occurs in P Oxy XII. 1518.21 (ii/A.D.). MGr κλειδί, ";key.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
