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Henry, Earl of Lancaster
1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
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EARL OF (c. 1281-1345), was the second son of Edmund, earl of Lancaster (d. 1296), and consequently a grandson of Henry III. During his early days he took part in campaigns in Flanders, Scotland and Wales, but was quite overshadowed by his elder brother Thomas (see below). In 1324, two years after Thomas had lost his life for opposing the king, Henry was made earl of Leicester by his cousin, Edward II., but he was not able to secure the titles and estates of Lancaster to which he was heir, and he showed openly that his sympathies were with his dead brother. When Queen Isabella took up arms against her husband in 1326 she was joined at once by the earl, who took a leading part in the proceedings against the king and his favourites, the Despensers, being Edward's gaoler at Kenilworth castle. Edward III. being now on the throne, Leicester secured the earldom of Lancaster and his brother's lands, becoming also steward of England; he knighted the young king and was the foremost Table Of The Principal Descendants Of John Of Gaunt. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, titular king of Castile.
Blanche, daughter and heiress of Henry, duke of Lancaster.
Constance, = Catherine, the elder of the two daughters daughter of Sir Payne Roet, and heiresses of Peter, king of widow of Sir Hugh Swynford. Castile and Leon.
Joan Beaufort, wife of Ralph Nevill, 1st earl of Westmoreland, by whom she became an ancestor of Edward IV., Richard III., Warwick the Henry John King Maker and many Beaufort, Beaufort, noble families.
earl of earl, after Somerset. wards duke, of Somerset.
Edmund, = Margaret earl of RichBeaufort.
mond, son of Sir Owen Tudor by Catherine, widow of Henry V.
| Catherine, married to Prince | John Beaufort, | Henry Beaufort, | Thomas Beaufort, | Henry, afterwards | earl of | cardinal. | duke of | Henry III. of | Somerset. | | Exeter. | Castile. | | | John II., king of Castile. Isabella of Castile, queen of Ferdinand of Aragon; whose descendants were kings of Spain till the accession of the Bourbons in 1700. | Philippa, | Henry IV., =Mary de Bohun, = | Joan, | married to | king of | daughter and | daughter of | John I., king | England. | co-heir o f | Charles the | of Portugal. | | Humphrey de Bohun, earl of | Bad, king of Navarre. | Edward, king of | | Hereford and Essex. | No issue. | Portugal. | | | Henry V., = Catherine, Thomas, John, king of daughter of duke of duke of England. Charles IV. Clarence. Bedford. of France, afterwards married to Sir Owen Tudor. Alphonso V. Ferdinand, of Portugal. duke of Viseu. I John II. of Portugal. Emmanuel, king of Portugal; whose descendants have reigned in that country ever since. Elizabeth, married to John Holand, duke of Exeter, who was beheadedbyHenry IV.; afterwards to Sir John Cornwall, created Baron Fanhope. Henry VI. Edward, prince of Wales. Henry VII., king of England. Margaret. = James IV., Mary. = Charles Brandon, king of Scotland. duke of Suffolk. James V., king of Scotland. Mary Stuart. James VI. of Scotland and I. of England, whose descendants have reigned in Great Britain ever since. Humphrey, Philippa, duke of married Gloucester. to Eric VII. of and XIII. of Sweden. Henry VIII. Edward VI. Mary, Elizabeth, queen of England. queen of England. | Henry, earl of Lincoln. | Frances, wife of Henry Grey,marquess of Dorset, created duke of Suffolk. Lady Jane Grey and others. | Eleanor, wife of Henry, 2 nd earl of Cumberland. member of the royal council, but he was soon at variance with Isabella and her paramour, Roger Mortimer, and was practically deprived of his power. In 1328 his attempt to overthrow Mortimer failed, and he quietly made his peace with the king; a second essay against Mortimer was more successful. About this time Lancaster became blind; he retired from public life and died on the 22nd of September ,1345. His son and successor, Henry, 1st duke of Lancaster (c. 1300-1361), was a soldier of unusual distinction. Probably from his birthplace in Monmouthshire he was called Henry of Grosmont. He fought in the naval fight off Sluys and in the one off Winchelsea in 1350; he led armies into Scotland, Gascony and Normandy, his exploits in Gascony in 1345 and 1346 being especially successful; he served frequently under Edward III. himself; and he may be fairly described as one of the most brilliant and capable of the English warriors during the earlier part of the Hundred Years' War. During a brief respite from the king's service he led a force into Prussia and he was often employed on diplomatic business. In 1354 he was at Avignon negotiating with Pope Innocent VI., who wished to make peace between England and France, and one of his last acts was to assist in arranging the details of the treaty of Bretigny in 1360. In 1337 he was made earl of Derby; in 1345 he succeeded to his father's earldoms of Lancaster and Leicester; in 1349 he was created earl of Lincoln, and in 1351 he was made duke of Lancaster. He was steward of England and one of the original knights of the order of the garter. He died at Leicester on the 13th of March 1361. He left no sons; one of his daughters, Maud (d. 1362), married William. V., count of Holland, a son of the emperor Louis the Bavarian, and the other, Blanche (d. 1369), married Edward III.'s son, John of Gaunt, who obtained his father-in-law's titles and estates. Copyright Statement
These files are public domain. Bibliography Information
Chisholm, Hugh, General Editor. Entry for 'Henry, Earl of Lancaster'. 1911 Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/bri/h/henry-earl-of-lancaster.html. 1910.
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