Historical Writings

Repose (death) of Abbot Ephraim who had founded the monastery known as Perekop and a church in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker near Novgorod.

Leonor de Cisneros walks to the stake in Valladolid, Spain, having overcome tortures and threats aimed at forcing her to deny her "Lutheran" (Reformation) beliefs.

Death of Lancelot Andrewes. He influenced the development of Anglican theology and authored the prayer classic Private Devotions. He helped prepare the King James translation.

Birth of pioneer environmentalist Jonathan Chapman (Johnny Appleseed). Distributing apple seeds and religious tracts from the Alleghenies to the Ohio Valley, Chapman's theology was strongly reminiscent of Swedenborgianism, which taught an empathy with the natural world.

With over 1,000 delegates from 17 churches, the Flint River Association was established -- the first official Baptist organization of its kind in the history of Alabama.

The Suwanee Association was formed, in Florida. Comprised of eight member churches, it was the first official Baptist organization in Florida history.

A fast day is observed in the northern United States by order of President Abraham Lincoln.

Ecuador, newly liberated from Spanish rule, enters into a concordat with the Roman Catholic Church which guarantees that Roman Catholicism will be the only religion of the Republic of Ecuador.

Death of Frederick William Faber, English clergyman and hymwriter, who had come under the influence of the Oxford Movement, resigned from the Church of England and entered the Roman Catholic Church. He founded a religious community in Birmingham and wrote one hundred and fifty hymns, including "Faith of Our Fathers" and "There's a Wideness in God's Mercy."

Birth of Giovanni Battista Montini. He was ordained in 1920, named a cardinal in 1958, and in June 1963 chosen successor to John XXIII as Pope Paul VI. His 15 years as pontiff saw a widening application of the decisions first made at the Vatican II Ecumenical Council (1962-65).

Yesaya Zerenji Mwasi secedes from Livingstonia mission in Malawi after publicly reading his personal statement, "My Essential and Paramount Reasons for Working Independently." He will form an independent church in Tongaland. His principles for indigenous work will be adopted by other Malawi Christian groups.

Death of Wilson Carlile, founder of the Church Army, with the goal of reaching the working classes. He had preached out of doors as well as serving as organist in one of Moody's evangelist tours of Gt. Britain.

In Russia, the Supreme Soviet ended decades of religious repression with a new declaration, forbidding government interference in religious activities and giving citizens the right to study religion in homes and private schools.

Officers of China’s Public Security Bureau raid a house church led by Liao Zhongxiu in Sichuan Province, destroying property, seizing Christian books, and detaining Christians. Liao herself is jailed the following year.