Historical Writings

The Council of Ephesus replaces Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople, with Maximianus, a new patriarch. Nestorius had been anathematized for holding the belief that two separate persons indwelt the incarnate Christ.

The armies of the Second Crusade (1147-49) were destroyed by the Saracens at Dorylaeum (in modern Turkey). The Crusaders went on with fruitless campaigns against Damascus, Syria.

Death of John of Salisbury, who censured scholasticism.

Death of English poet Geoffrey Chaucer, who had added a "retraction" to his Canterbury Tales, apologizing for his "worldly vanities."

Birth of Hans Leo Hassler, sacred composer. The first notable German musician educated in Italy, Hassler left a rich musical legacy, including the hymn tune PASSION CHORALE, to which the Church now sings, "O Sacred Head, Now Wounded."

Birth of Jacque Paul Migne, French theological publisher. Establishing his own press in 1836, Migne published a voluminous collection of writings by the ancient Greek and Latin fathers (161 vols: "Patrologia Graecae"; 221 vols: "Patrologia Latinae") during his remaining 39 years.

Death of Phillippe Pinel, a Christian doctor who advocated humane treatment for the insane.

Death of Salama, Abuna (head) of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, in prison at the mountain stronghold of Maqdala. A tactless man during a time of conflict, he had aggravated and excommunicated many opponents.

Horace Newton Allen, first resident Protestant missionary to Korea, accepts the rank of Chamoan (Mandarin) because only men of that rank can be presented to a king, and he wants to win favor for the church with the king.

Franklin Small, 48, and a group of dissatisfied members of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada, obtained a Dominion charter to establish the Apostolic Church of Pentecost of Canada. In 1953, this group merged with the Evangelical Churches of Pentecost, whose major congregations are located today in the Canadian prairie provinces.

The first Youth For Christ rally was held at Bryant's Alliance Tabernacle in New York City. An international evangelical youth organization, YFC has no single founder, but rather emerged out of weekly rallies held for the youth of New York City during the 1930s.

Death of Nicholas (Mogilevsky) as the bells of St. Nicholas cathedral are ringing for evening service on the feast of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God. The first metropolitan of Alma-Ata and Kazhakhstan, he had suffered harrassment and imprisonment at the hand of the Soviets most of his life.