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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary Hebrew Lexicon
Strong's #3478 - יִשְׂרָאֵל
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
- Israel = "God prevails"
- the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel
- the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob
- the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split
- the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah
- the name of the nation after the return from exile
- Book
- Word
did not use
this Strong's Number
יִשְׂרָאֵל2507 proper name, masculine and of a people Israel ( El persisteth, persevereth (or jussive Let El persist) [usually contendeth (Nes Eg.60 ff.) or Let El contend (Gray Prop. N. 218), but see Dr Hast. DB JACOB 530]; on vocalization see Lag BN 131f. Kit 1 Chronicles 4:16 (Hpt); MI5, + 5t. ישראל; in Egyptian Y- Sirach -r-'l Steind ZAW xvi (1896), 331, compare Breasted Bib. World ix (1897), 62ff. Paton Syr. and Pal. 134; Assyrian Sirach -'-lai (= יִשְׂרְאֵלִי) Schr KG 356 ff., 364; COT Genesis 36:31; 1 Kings 16:29. — On a possibly relation of ׳יִשׂ to proper name שָׂרַי, שָׂרָה see RS K 257,2nd ed. 34; — compare שְׂרָיָה(וּׅ; — Ισραηλ:
1. proper name, masculine second name of Jacob Genesis 32:29 28t. Genesis (JE), Exodus 32:13 (JE), Hosea 12:13; Judges 18:29; Exodus 6:14; Numbers 1:20; Numbers 26:5 (all P), 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 1:34 8t. Chronicles, Psalm 105:23; ׳בֵּית יִשׂ Ruth 4:11; ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (literal) Genesis 42:5 3t. E, 2t. P + Exodus 1:7 (P; transition to wider use), 1 Kings 18:31; 1 Chronicles 2:1 +; = 12tribes Exodus 28:9 7t. P; ׳אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיִשׂ 1 Kings 18:36; 1 Chronicles 29:18; 2 Chronicles 30:6.
2. proper name, of a people (usually masculine Judges 11:17 f. but feminine 1 Samuel 17:21; 2 Samuel 24:9 [not "" 1 Chronicles 21:5], compare Dr on the passage Albr ZAW xvi (1896), 57f.): name of Hebrew nation; usually derived from
1, but ׳יִשׂ more common in early usage than ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ (see בֵּן p. 120:b):
a. (1) undivided kingdom; ׳יִשׂ Genesis 47:27 (J), Genesis 49:7 (poem in J) + 108t. J E, Deuteronomy 1:1; Deuteronomy 18:6; Deuteronomy 33:10 (poem) + 76t. D, Genesis 34:7; Exodus 12:15 42t. P; Judges 5:2,7 (twice in verse) + 104t. Judges; often 1,2Samuel; 1 Kings 1-12; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ of whole people 2 Samuel 8:15 +, of whole army 2 Samuel 11:1 +, opposed to Judah 2 Samuel 2:9 + (so also later). (2) ׳יִשׂ = Northern tribes, distinguished from Judah, even before disruption, 2 Samuel 2:9, compare 2 Samuel 2:10; 2 Samuel 3:10; 2 Samuel 4:1; 2 Samuel 5:5; 2 Samuel 12:7; 2 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 1:35; 1 Kings 4:20; 1 Kings 5:5 +; so at disruption 1 Kings 12:16 (3t. in verse); 1 Kings 12:18,19; then usually of Northern kingdom, till its fall, 1 Kings 12:28; 1 Kings 24:7; 1 Kings 24:10 + very often Kings, Amos 1:1; Amos 2:6; Amos 3:14 +, Hosea 1:5; Hosea 4:15 (twice in verse); Hosea 5:3 (twice in verse); Hosea 5:5 +, Micah 1:13, etc. (3) ׳יִשׂ of Southern kingdom, Judah, rarely before fall of Samaria Isaiah 1:3; Isaiah 8:18; Micah 1:14,15, so ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ 1 Kings 12:17; after fall of Samaria, ׳יִשׂ (less often ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ) occurs of entire people, in reference to past or future 2 Kings 21:8; 2 Kings 23:22; Isaiah 17:9; Psalm 103:7; Jeremiah 2:3; Jeremiah 50:17,19 +; ׳יִשׂ also = Judah Jeremiah 2:14,31; Jeremiah 4:1 +, Ezekiel 13:2,4,16; Ezekiel 14:1,7,9 +, Isaiah 40:27; Isaiah 41:8; Isaiah 42:24 +, Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61; Ezra 2:70; Ezra 3:11 +, Nehemiah 10:34; Nehemiah 10:3 +, Psalm 14:7 (twice in verse) = Psalm 53:7 (twice in verse), Psalm 147:2; Psalm 149:2 +, etc. (4) usage in Chronicles: ׳יִשׂ of whole people 1 Chronicles 2:7 110t., of Northern kingdom 2 Chronicles 11:1 16t., of Judah 2 Chronicles 12:6; 19:8 9t. (5) ׳יִשׂ personified as ׳עֶבֶד י, Isaiah 44:1,21; Isaiah 49:3.
b.׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ, (1) of undivided people Exodus 1:12 (J), Exodus 3:9 (E) + 72t. J E, Deuteronomy 3:18; Deuteronomy 10:6 25t. D, Genesis 32:33 327t. P; Judges 1:1 60t. Judges; seldom 1, 2 Samuel , 1 Kings 1-12; in 1 Kings 13— 2 Kings 25 passive in reference to older history (rarely otherwise). (2) seldom of Northern kingdom Amos 2:11 9t. Amos , Hosea; 2 Chronicles 13:12 7t. Chronicles. (3) of Judah (late) Ezekiel 2:3; Nehemiah 1:6 (twice in verse); Ezra 3:1; Joel 4:16 +, 2 Chronicles 31:5.
c. בֵּית׳יִשׂ Exodus 16:31; Exodus 40:38 142t. (see בַּיִת 5d (δ); 81t. Ezekiel , where = Judah; see especially Exodus 37:16); ׳שְׁנֵי בָֽתֵּי יִשׂ Isaiah 8:14.
d. other phrases, see subאִישׁ, אֶרֶץ, בַּת, בְּתוּלָה, גְּבוּל, הַר, כִּסֵּא, מֶלֶךְ, (נטה) מַטֶּה, (יעד) עֵדָה, עַם, שֵׁבֶט; also (in epithet of ׳י) below אָבִיר, אוֺר, אֱלֹחִים, I. גָּוֺאל, מֶלֶךְ, מִקְוֶה (I. קוה), I. צוּר (V. צור), קָדוֺשׁ, I. רָעָה 1 d (3).
e.׳יִשׂ = the laity, opposed to priests, etc. (late): Ezra 10:25; Nehemiah 11:3; 1 Chronicles 9:2; ׳כָּליִֿשׂ Ezra 2:70; Ezra 10:5; ׳הָעָם יִשׂ Ezra 9:1; ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Nehemiah 10:40, compare ׳שְׁאָר יִשׂ Nehemiah 11:20.
יִשְׂרָאֵל proper name, of a people Israel (Biblical Hebrew id., √ I. שָׂרָה); — ׳אֱלַהּ יִשׁ Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Ezra 7:15; ׳מֶלֶךְ לְיִשׂ Ezra 5:11; ׳בְּנֵי יִשׂ Ezra 6:16, ׳עַמָּא יִשׂ Ezra 7:13.
יִשְׂרָאֵל (“contender,” “soldier of God,” from שָׂרָה to fight, and אֵל, Genesis 32:29, 35:10 compare 12:4 ), Israel, pr.n. given by God to Jacob the patriarch (Gen. locc. citt.), but used more frequently of his descendants, i.e. of the Israelitish nation (comp. יַעֲקֹב).-יִשְׂרָאֵל or בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל signifies
(1) all the descendants of Israel, or Israelites. Genesis 34:7, 49:7. אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל 1 Samuel 13:19; 2 Kings 6:23; Ezekiel 27:17 and יִשְׂרָאֵל f. Isaiah 19:24, the land of Israel, i.e. Palestine. Emphatically יִשְׂרָאֵל is sometimes used of those really worthy of the name of Israelites (ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίται, John 1:48), as being righteous, Isaiah 49:3; Psalms 73:1 according to Romans 9:6, οὐ γὰρ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ, οὗτοι Ἰσραήλ; also lovingly, as elsewhere יְשֻׁרוּן (which see). Hosea 8:2, יְדַעֲנוּךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל “we know thee, we (are thy) Israel,” compare Psalms 24:6.
(2) From the time of the dissensions, after the death of Saul, between the ten tribes and Judah, the ten tribes, following Ephraim as their leader, took to themselves this honourable name of the whole nation (2 Samuel 2:9, 10 2 Samuel 2:10, 17 2 Samuel 2:17, 28 2 Samuel 2:28, 3:10, 17 2 Samuel 3:17 -19:4043 ; 1 Kings 12:1); and this after the death of Solomon was applied to the kingdom founded by Jeroboam, so that from that time the kings of the ten tribes were called מַלְכֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, while David’s posterity, who ruled Judah and Benjamin, were called מַלְכֵי יְהוּדָה. Other names of the ten tribes were אֶפְרַיִם (which see), taken from the more powerful tribe, and שֹׂמְרוֹן (which see), from the capital city. The prophets of that period, principally of Judah, occasionally use both names, Judah and Israel, in poetical parallelism of the kingdom of Judah[?], see Isaiah 1:3, 4:2 5:7 10:20 Micah 1:14.
(3) After the Babylonish exile, the whole people, although chiefly consisting of the remains of Judah and Benjamin, again took the name most delighted in by the nation when flourishing, (1Ma_3:35 4:11, 30, 31 and on the coins of the Maccabees, which are inscribed שקל ישראל): whence it is, that in the Chronicles יִשְׂרָאֵל is even used of the kingdom of Judah, 2 Chronicles 12:1, 15:17 19:8 21:2, 2 Chronicles 21:4, 23:2 24:5.
The Gentile noun is יִשְׂרְאֵלִי 2 Samuel 17:25 fem. יִשְׂרְאֵלִית Leviticus 24:10, Israelite.
[יְשַׂרְאֵלָה pr.n. m. 1 Chronicles 25:14, see יְשַׁ׳.]