Study Desk

Then the sons of Israel ^(C1)did what was evil in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD handed them over to ^(C2)Midian for seven years.

The ^(F1)power of Midian prevailed against Israel. Because of Midian the sons of Israel made for themselves ^(C1)the dens which were in the mountains and the caves and the strongholds.

For whenever Israel had sown, the Midianites would come up with the Amalekites and the ^(F1)people of the east and ^(F2)march against them.

So they would camp against them and ^(C1)destroy the produce of the earth ^(F1)as far as Gaza, and ^(C2)leave no sustenance in Israel, nor a sheep, ox, or donkey.

For they would come up with their livestock and their tents, they would come in ^(C1)like locusts in number, and both they and their camels were innumerable; and they came into the land to ruin it.

So Israel was brought ^(C1)very low because of Midian, and the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD.

Now it came about, when the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD on account of Midian,

that the LORD sent a prophet to the sons of Israel, and ^(C1)he said to them, "This is what the LORD, the God of Israel says: 'It was I who brought you up from Egypt, and brought you out of the house of ^(F1)slavery.

'And I rescued you from the hands of the Egyptians, and from the hands of all your oppressors, and I drove them out from you and gave you their land,

and I said to you, "I am the LORD your God; you ^(C1)shall not fear the gods of the Amorites in whose land you live." But you have not ^(F1)obeyed Me.'"

Then ^(C1)the angel of the LORD came and sat under the ^(F1)oak that was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the ^(C2)Abiezrite, as his son ^(C3)Gideon was beating out wheat in the wine press in order to save it from the Midianites.

And the angel of the LORD appeared to him and said to him, "The LORD is with you, valiant warrior."

Then Gideon said to him, "O my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? And where are all His miracles which our fathers told us about, saying, 'Did the LORD not bring us up from Egypt?' But ^(C1)now the LORD has abandoned us and handed us over to Midian."

And the LORD ^(F1)looked at him and said, "^(C1)Go in this strength of yours and save Israel from the hand of Midian. Have I not sent you?"

^(C1)But he said to Him, "O Lord, ^(F1)how am I to save Israel? Behold, my family is the least in ^(C2)Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house."

^(C1)Yet the LORD said to him, "I will certainly be with you, and you will ^(F1)defeat Midian as one man."

So ^(F1)Gideon said to Him, "If now I have found favor in Your sight, then perform for me ^(C1)a sign that it is You speaking with me.

"Please do not depart from here until I come back to You, and bring out my offering and lay it before You." And He said, "I will remain until you return."

Then Gideon went in and ^(C1)prepared a young goat and unleavened bread from an ^(F1)ephah of flour; he put the meat in a basket ^(F2)and the broth in a pot, and brought them out to him under the ^(F3)oak and presented them.

And the angel of God said to him, "Take the meat and the unleavened bread and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth." And he did so.

Then the angel of the LORD put out the end of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened bread; and ^(C1)fire came up from the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened bread. Then the angel of the LORD ^(F1)vanished from his sight.

^(C1)When Gideon perceived that he was the angel of the LORD, ^(F1)he said, "Oh, Lord ^(F2)GOD! For I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face!"

But the LORD said to him, "Peace to you, do not be afraid; you shall not die."

Then Gideon built an altar there to the LORD and named it ^(F1)The LORD is Peace. To this day it is still ^(C1)in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

Now on the same night the LORD said to him, "Take your father's bull ^(F1)and a second bull seven years old, and tear down the altar of Baal which belongs to your father, and cut down the ^(F2)(C1)Asherah that is beside it;

and build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold in an orderly way, and take a second bull and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down."

Then Gideon took ten men from his servants and did as the LORD had spoken to him; and because he was too afraid of his father's household and the men of the city to do it by day, he did it by night.

When the people of the city got up early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal had been torn down, and the Asherah which had been beside it had been cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar which had been built.

So they said to one another, "Who did this thing?" And when they searched and inquired, they said, "Gideon the son of Joash did this thing."

Then the men of the city said to Joash, "Bring out your son, that he may die, for he has torn down the altar of Baal, and indeed, he has cut down the Asherah which was beside it."

But Joash said to all who stood against him, "Will you contend for Baal, or will you save him? Whoever will contend for him shall be put to death by morning. If he is a god, let him contend for himself, since someone has torn down his altar!"

Therefore on that day he named ^(F1)Gideon ^(C1)Jerubbaal, that is to say, "Let Baal contend against him," because he had torn down his altar.

Then all the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the ^(F1)people of the east assembled together; and they crossed over and camped in ^(C1)the Valley of Jezreel.

So ^(C1)the Spirit of the LORD ^(F1)covered Gideon like clothing; and he ^(C2)blew a trumpet, and the Abiezrites were called together to follow him.

And he sent messengers throughout Manasseh, and they also were called together to follow him; and he sent messengers to Asher, ^(C1)Zebulun, and Naphtali, and ^(C2)they came up to meet them.

Then Gideon said to God, "^(C1)If You are going to save Israel ^(F1)through me, as You have spoken,

behold, I am putting a fleece of wool on the threshing floor. If there is dew on the fleece only, and it is dry on all the ground, then I will know that You will save Israel ^(F1)through me, as You have spoken."

And it was so. When he got up early the next morning and wrung out the fleece, he wrung the dew from the fleece, a bowl full of water.

Then Gideon said to God, "^(C1)Do not let Your anger burn against me, so that I may speak only one more time; please let me put You to the test only one more time with the fleece: let it now be dry only on the fleece, and let there be dew on all the ground."

And God did so that night; for it was dry only on the fleece, and dew was on all the ground.

Then ^(C1)Jerubbaal (that is, Gideon) and all the people who were with him got up early, and camped beside ^(F1)the spring of Harod; and the camp of Midian was on the north side of ^(F2)them by the hill of ^(C2)Moreh in the valley.

And the LORD said to Gideon, "The people who are with you are too many for Me to hand Midian over to them, ^(C1)otherwise Israel would ^(F1)become boastful, saying, 'My own ^(F2)power has saved me.'

"Now therefore come, proclaim in the hearing of the people, saying, '^(C1)Whoever is afraid and worried, is to return and leave Mount Gilead.'" So twenty-two thousand from the people returned, but ten thousand remained.

^(C1)Then the LORD said to Gideon, "The people are still too many; bring them down to the water and I will test them for you there. So it shall be that he of whom I say to you, 'This one shall go with you,' he shall go with you; but everyone of whom I say to you, 'This one shall not go with you,' he shall not go."

So he brought the people down to the water. Then the LORD said to Gideon, "You shall put everyone who laps the water with his tongue as a dog laps ^(F1)in one group, and everyone who kneels down to drink in another."

Now the number of those who lapped, ^(F1)putting their hand to their mouth, was three hundred men; but all the rest of the people kneeled down to drink water.

And the LORD said to Gideon, "I will save you ^(C1)with the three hundred men who lapped, and will hand the Midianites over to you; so have all the other people go, each man to his ^(F1)home."

So ^(F1)the three hundred men took the people's provisions and their trumpets in their hands. And ^(F2)Gideon dismissed all the other men of Israel, each to his tent, but retained the three hundred men; and the camp of Midian was below him in the valley.

Now on the same night it came about that the LORD said to him, "Arise, go down against the camp, ^(C1)for I have handed it over to you.

"But if you are afraid to go down, go with Purah your servant down to the camp,

so that you will hear what they say; and ^(C1)afterward ^(F1)you will have the courage to go down against the camp." So he went down with Purah his servant to the ^(F2)outposts of the army that was in the camp.

Now the Midianites, the Amalekites, and all the ^(F1)people of the east were lying in the valley ^(C1)as numerous as locusts; and their camels were without number, ^(C2)as numerous as the sand on the seashore.

When Gideon came, behold, a man was relating a dream to his friend. And he said, "Behold, I ^(F1)had a dream; ^(F2)a loaf of barley bread was tumbling into the camp of Midian, and it came to the tent and struck it so that it fell, and turned it ^(F3)upside down so that the tent collapsed."

And his friend replied, "This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel; God has ^(C1)handed over to him Midian and all the camp."

When Gideon heard the account of the dream and its interpretation, he bowed in worship. Then he returned to the camp of Israel and said, "Arise, for the LORD has handed over to you the camp of Midian!"

And he divided the three hundred men into three ^(F1)units, and he put trumpets and empty pitchers into the hands of all of them, with torches inside the pitchers.

Then he said to them, "Look at me and do likewise. And behold, when I come to the outskirts of the camp, ^(F1)do as I do.

"When I and all who are with me blow the trumpet, then you also blow the trumpets around the entire camp and say, 'For the LORD and for Gideon!'"

So Gideon and the hundred men who were with him came to the outskirts of the camp at the beginning of the middle night watch, when they had just posted the watch; and they blew the trumpets and smashed the pitchers that were in their hands.

When the three ^(F1)units blew the trumpets and broke the pitchers, they held the torches in their left hands and the trumpets in their right hands for blowing, and shouted, "A sword for the LORD and for Gideon!"

And each stood in his place around the camp; and ^(C1)all the ^(F1)army ran, crying out as they fled.

And when they blew the three hundred trumpets, the ^(C1)LORD set the sword of one against another even throughout the entire ^(F1)army; and the ^(F1)army fled as far as Beth-shittah toward Zererah, as far as the edge of ^(C2)Abel-meholah, by Tabbath.

And the men of Israel were summoned from ^(C1)Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh, and they pursued Midian.

Then Gideon sent messengers throughout the hill country of Ephraim, saying, "Come down ^(F1)against Midian and ^(C1)take control of the waters ahead of them, as far as Beth-barah and the Jordan." So all the men of Ephraim were summoned, and they took control of the waters as far as Beth-barah and the Jordan.

And they captured the two leaders of Midian, ^(C1)Oreb and Zeeb, and they killed Oreb at the rock of Oreb, and they killed Zeeb at the wine press of Zeeb, while they pursued Midian; and they brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon ^(C2)from across the Jordan.

Then the men of Ephraim said to ^(F1)Gideon, "^(C1)What is this thing that you have done to us, not calling upon us when you went to fight against Midian?" And they quarreled with him vehemently.

But he said to them, "What have I done now in comparison with you? Is the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim not better than the vintage of Abiezer?

"God has handed over to you the leaders of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb; and what was I able to do in comparison with you?" Then their ^(F1)anger toward him subsided when he said ^(F2)that.

Then Gideon and the three hundred men who were with him came ^(C1)to the Jordan and crossed over, exhausted yet still pursuing.

And he said to the men of ^(C1)Succoth, "Please give loaves of bread to the people who are ^(F1)following me, for they are exhausted, and I am pursuing Zebah and Zalmunna, the kings of Midian."

But the leaders of Succoth said, "^(F1)(C1)Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your hand, that we should give bread to your army?"

So Gideon said, "For this answer, ^(C1)when the LORD has handed over to me Zebah and Zalmunna, I will ^(F1)thrash your ^(F2)bodies with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers."

Then he went up from there to ^(F1)(C1)Penuel and spoke similarly to them; and the men of Penuel answered him just as the men of Succoth had answered.

So he said also to the men of ^(F1)Penuel, "When I return safely, ^(C1)I will tear down this tower."

Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their ^(F1)armies with them, about fifteen thousand men, all who were left of the entire ^(F2)army of the ^(F3)people of the east; ^(C1)for the fallen were 120,000 ^(F4)swordsmen.

Gideon went up by the way of those who lived in tents to the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and he ^(F1)attacked the camp when the camp was unsuspecting.

When Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued them and captured the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and routed the entire ^(F1)army.

Then Gideon the son of Joash returned from the battle ^(F1)by the ascent of Heres.

And he captured a youth from ^(F1)Succoth and questioned him. Then the youth wrote down for him the leaders of Succoth and its elders, seventy-seven men.

And he came to the men of Succoth and said, "Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, about whom you taunted me, saying, '^(F1)(C1)Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna already in your hand, that we should give bread to your men who are weary?'"

Then he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and he ^(F1)disciplined the men of Succoth with them.

^(C1)And he tore down the tower of Penuel and killed the men of the city.

Then he said to Zebah and Zalmunna, "Where were the men whom you killed at Tabor?" But they said, "You and they were alike, each one ^(F1)resembling the son of a king."

And he said, "They were my brothers, the sons of my mother. As the LORD lives, if only you had let them live, I would not kill you."

So he said to Jether his firstborn, "Rise, kill them." But the youth did not draw his sword, for he was afraid, because he was still a youth.

Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, "Rise up yourself, and attack us; for as the man, so is his strength." ^(C1)So Gideon arose and killed Zebah and Zalmunna, and ^(C2)took the crescent amulets which were on their camels' necks.

Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, "Rule over us, both you and your son, your son's son as well, for you have saved us from the hand of Midian!"

But Gideon said to them, "I will not rule over you, nor shall my son rule over you; ^(C1)the LORD shall rule over you."

Yet Gideon said to them, "I would ^(F1)request of you, that each of you give me ^(F2)an earring from his plunder." (For they had gold earrings, because they were ^(C1)Ishmaelites.)

And they said, "We will certainly give them to you." So they spread out a garment, and every one of them tossed an earring there from his plunder.

The weight of the gold earrings that he requested was 1,700 shekels of gold, apart from the crescent amulets, the ear pendants, and the purple robes which were on the kings of Midian, and apart from the neck chains that were on their camels' necks.

Gideon made it into ^(C1)an ephod, and placed it in his city, Ophrah; but all Israel ^(F1)committed infidelity with it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and his household.

So Midian was subdued before the sons of Israel, and they did not lift up their heads anymore. And the land was undisturbed for forty years in the days of Gideon.

Then ^(C1)Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and lived in his own house.

Now Gideon had ^(C1)seventy sons who ^(F1)were his direct descendants, for he had many wives.

And his concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he ^(F1)named him Abimelech.

And Gideon the son of Joash died at a good old age and was buried in the tomb of his father Joash, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

Then it came about, as soon as Gideon was dead, ^(C1)that the sons of Israel again ^(F1)committed infidelity with the Baals, and made ^(C2)Baal-berith their god.

So the sons of Israel ^(C1)did not remember the LORD their God, who had saved them from the hands of all their enemies on every side;

^(C1)nor did they show kindness to the household of Jerubbaal (that is, Gideon) in accordance with all the good that he had done for Israel.

Now ^(C1)Abimelech the son of ^(F1)Jerubbaal went to Shechem, to his mother's relatives, and spoke to them and to the entire family of the household of his mother's father, saying,

"Speak, now, in the hearing of all the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem, 'Which is better for you: for ^(C1)seventy men, all the sons of Jerubbaal, to rule over you, or for one man to rule over you?' Also, remember that I am ^(C2)your bone and your flesh."

So his mother's relatives spoke all these words on his behalf in the hearing of all the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem; and ^(F2)they were inclined to follow Abimelech, for they said, "He is ^(C1)our relative."

And they gave him seventy pieces of silver from the house of ^(C1)Baal-berith, with which Abimelech hired worthless and reckless men, and they followed him.

Then he went to his father's house in Ophrah and ^(C1)killed his brothers the sons of Jerubbaal, ^(C2)seventy men, ^(F1)on one stone. But Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left, because he hid himself.

All the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem and all ^(F2)Beth-millo assembled together, and they went and made Abimelech king, by the ^(F3)oak of the memorial stone which was in Shechem.

Now when they told Jotham, he went and stood on the top of ^(C1)Mount Gerizim, and raised his voice and called out. And he said to them, "Listen to me, you ^(F1)leaders of Shechem, that God may listen to you.

"Once the trees went to anoint a king over them, and they said to the olive tree, 'Reign over us!'

"But the olive tree said to them, 'Shall I give up my fatness with ^(F1)which God and mankind are honored, and go to wave over the trees?'

"Then the trees said to the fig tree, 'You, come, reign over us!'

"But the fig tree said to them, 'Shall I give up my sweetness and my good ^(F1)fruit, and go to wave over the trees?'

"Then the trees said to the vine, 'You, come, reign over us!'

"But the vine said to them, 'Shall I give up my new wine, which cheers God and mankind, and go to wave over the trees?'

"Then all the trees said to the bramble, 'You, come, reign over us!'

"And the bramble said to the trees, 'If you ^(F1)really are anointing me as king over you, come and take refuge in my shade; but if not, may fire come out of the bramble and consume the cedars of Lebanon.'

"Now then, if you have acted with ^(F1)honesty and integrity in making Abimelech king, and if you have dealt well with ^(C1)Jerubbaal and his house, and ^(F2)have dealt with him ^(F3)as he deserved—

for my father fought for you, and ^(F1)risked his life and saved you from the hand of Midian;

but in fact you have risen against my father's house today and have killed ^(C1)his sons, seventy men, on one stone, and have made Abimelech, ^(C2)the son of his female slave, king over the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem, because he is your relative—

so if you have acted with ^(F1)honesty and integrity toward Jerubbaal and his house this day, be joyful about Abimelech, and may he also be joyful about you.

"But if not, may fire come out of Abimelech and consume the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem and ^(F2)Beth-millo; and may fire come out of the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem and from ^(F2)Beth-millo, and consume Abimelech."

Then Jotham escaped and fled, and went to Beer; and he stayed there because of his brother Abimelech.

Now Abimelech ruled over Israel for three years.

^(C1)Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem; and the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem ^(C2)dealt treacherously with Abimelech,

^(C1)so that the violence ^(F1)done to the seventy sons of Jerubbaal would come, and the responsibility for ^(C2)their blood would be placed on their brother Abimelech, who killed them, and on the ^(F2)leaders of Shechem, who ^(F3)encouraged him to kill his brothers.

The ^(F1)leaders of Shechem set up men in ambush against him on the tops of the mountains, and they robbed everyone who would pass by them on the road; and it was reported to Abimelech.

Now Gaal the son of Ebed came with his relatives, and crossed over into Shechem; and the ^(F1)leaders of Shechem trusted him.

So they went out to the field and gathered the grapes of their vineyards and trampled them, and held a festival; and they went into the house of ^(C1)their god, and ate and drank and cursed Abimelech.

Then Gaal the son of Ebed said, "Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal, and is Zebul not his governor? Serve the men of ^(C1)Hamor the father of Shechem; but why should we serve him?

"^(F1)(C1)If only this people were under my authority! Then I would do away with Abimelech." And he said to Abimelech, "Enlarge your army and come out!"

When Zebul the leader of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger burned.

So using deception, he successfully sent messengers to Abimelech, saying, "Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his relatives have come to Shechem; and behold, they are ^(F1)stirring up the city against you.

"So now, arise by night, you and the people who are with you, and lie in wait in the field.

"Then in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, you shall rise early and attack the city; and behold, when he and the people who are with him come out against you, you shall ^(C1)do to them ^(F1)whatever you can."

So Abimelech and all the people who were with him got up at night, and lay in wait against Shechem, in four ^(F1)units.

Now Gaal the son of Ebed went out and stood at the entrance of the city gate; and Abimelech and the people who were with him arose from the ambush.

When Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, "^(F1)Look, people are coming down from the tops of the mountains." But Zebul said to him, "You are seeing the shadow of the mountains as if they were people."

And Gaal spoke yet again and said, "Look, people are coming down from ^(C1)the ^(F1)highest part of the land, and one ^(F2)unit is coming by way of ^(F3)the diviners' ^(F4)oak."

Then Zebul said to him, "Where then is your ^(F1)boasting with which you said, 'Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?' Is this not the people whom you rejected? Go out now and fight them!"

So Gaal went out ^(F1)in the sight of the ^(F2)leaders of Shechem and fought Abimelech.

But Abimelech chased him, and he fled from him; and many fell wounded up to the entrance of the gate.

Then Abimelech stayed in Arumah, but Zebul drove out Gaal and his relatives so that they could not stay in Shechem.

Now it came about the next day, that the people went out to the field, and it was reported to Abimelech.

So he took ^(F1)his people and divided them into three ^(F2)units, and lay in wait in the field; when he looked and ^(F3)saw the people coming out from the city, he ^(F4)attacked them and killed them.

Then Abimelech and the ^(F1)company who was with him rushed forward and stood at the entrance of the city gate; the other two ^(F2)companies then attacked all who were in the field and killed them.

Abimelech fought against the city that whole day, and he captured the city and killed the people who were in it; then he ^(C1)tore down the city and sowed it with salt.

When all the ^(F1)leaders of the tower of Shechem heard about it, they entered the inner chamber of the ^(F2)temple of ^(C1)El-berith.

And it was reported to Abimelech that all the ^(F1)leaders of the tower of Shechem were gathered together.

So Abimelech went up to Mount ^(C1)Zalmon, he and all the people who were with him; and Abimelech took ^(F1)an axe in his hand and cut down a branch from the trees, and lifted it and put it on his shoulder. Then he said to the people who were with him, "What you saw me do, hurry and do ^(F2)likewise."

So all the people also cut down, each one, his branch and followed Abimelech, and put them on top of the inner chamber and set the inner chamber on fire over those inside, so that all the people of the tower of Shechem also died, about a thousand men and women.

Then Abimelech went to Thebez, and he camped against Thebez and captured it.

But there was a strong tower in the center of the city, and all the men and women with all the ^(F1)leaders of the city fled there and shut themselves in; and they went up on the roof of the tower.

So Abimelech came to the tower and fought against it, and approached the entrance of the tower to burn it down with fire.

But ^(C1)a woman threw an upper millstone on Abimelech's head, crushing his skull.

Then ^(C1)he called quickly to the young man, his armor bearer, and said to him, "Draw your sword and kill me, so that it will not be said of me, 'A woman killed him.'" So ^(F1)the young man pierced him through, and he died.

Now when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, each left for his ^(F1)home.

So ^(C1)God repaid the wickedness of Abimelech, which he had done to his father in killing his seventy brothers.

God also returned all the wickedness of the men of Shechem on their heads, and the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal came ^(F1)upon them.