申命记 19:1

Chinese NCV (Simplified)

避難城（民35:9~28；書20:1~9）“耶和華你的　神把列國的民剪除了，耶和華你的　神把他們的地賜給了你，你趕走了那些國民，住在他們的城市和房屋以後，

Parallel Translations

Chinese Union (Simplified)
耶 和 华 ─ 你 　 神 将 列 国 之 民 剪 除 的 时 候 ， 耶 和 华 ─ 你 　 神 也 将 他 们 的 地 赐 给 你 ， 你 接 着 住 他 们 的 城 邑 并 他 们 的 房 屋 ，

Contextual Overview

¹ When the Lord your God gives you land that belongs to the other nations, nations that he will destroy, you will force them out and live in their cities and houses. ² Then choose three cities in the middle of the land the Lord your God is giving you as your own. ³ Build roads to these cities, and divide the land the Lord is giving you into three parts so that someone who kills another person may run to these cities. ⁴ This is the rule for someone who kills another person and runs to one of these cities in order to save his life. But the person must have killed a neighbor without meaning to, not out of hatred. ⁵ For example, suppose someone goes into the forest with a neighbor to cut wood and swings an ax to cut down a tree. If the ax head flies off the handle, hitting and killing the neighbor, the one who killed him may run to one of these cities to save his life. ⁶ Otherwise, the dead person's relative who has the duty of punishing a murderer might be angry and chase him. If the city is far away, the relative might catch and kill the person, even though he should not be killed because there was no intent to kill his neighbor. ⁷ This is why I command you to choose these three cities. ⁸Carefully obey all these laws I'm giving you today. Love the Lord your God, and always do what he wants you to do. Then the Lord your God will enlarge your land as he promised your ancestors, giving you the whole land he promised to them. After that, choose three more cities of safety ¹⁰ so that innocent people will not be killed in your land, the land that the Lord your God is giving you as your own. By doing this you will not be guilty of allowing the death of innocent people. ¹¹ But if a person hates his neighbor and, after hiding and waiting, attacks and kills him and then runs to one of these cities for safety,

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

hath cut: Deuteronomy 6:10, Deuteronomy 7:1, Deuteronomy 7:2, Deuteronomy 12:1, Deuteronomy 12:29, Deuteronomy 17:14

succeedest: Heb. inheritest, or possessest, Deuteronomy 12:29

Reciprocal: Exodus 13:5 - shall bring Exodus 21:13 - I will appoint Leviticus 14:34 - When Numbers 35:10 - General Deuteronomy 4:42 - General

Cross-References

Genesis 18:22
So the men turned and went toward Sodom, but Abraham stood there before the Lord .

Genesis 19:1
The two angels came to Sodom in the evening as Lot was sitting near the city gate. When he saw them, he got up and went to them and bowed facedown on the ground.

Genesis 19:5
They called to Lot, "Where are the two men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so we can have sexual relations with them."

Job 31:32
No stranger ever had to spend the night in the street, because I always let travelers stay in my home.

Hebrews 13:2
Remember to welcome strangers, because some who have done this have welcomed angels without knowing it.

Gill's Notes on the Bible

When the Lord thy God hath cut off the nations whose land the Lord thy God giveth thee,.... The seven nations of the land of Canaan, whose destruction was of the Lord for their sins, and whose land was a gift of him that had a right to dispose of it to the children of Israel; see Deuteronomy 12:29

and thou succeedest them, and dwellest in their cities, and in their houses; should possess their land in their stead, by virtue of the gift of it to them by the Lord, and inhabit their cities and houses built by them.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

This and the next two chapters contain enactments designed to protect human life, and to impress its sanctity on Israel.

In Deuteronomy 19:1-13 the directions respecting the preparation of the roads to the cities of refuge, the provision of additional cities in case of an extension of territory, and the intervention of the elders as representing the congregation, are unique to Deuteronomy and supplementary to the laws on the same subject given in the earlier books (compare the marginal reference).

Deuteronomy 19:1, Deuteronomy 19:2

The three cities of refuge for the district east of Jordan had been already named. Moses now directs that when the territory on the west of Jordan had been conquered, a like allotment of three other cities in it should be made. This was accordingly done; compare Joshua 20:1 ff,

Deuteronomy 19:3

Thou shalt prepare thee a way - It was the duty of the Senate to repair the roads that led to the cities of refuge annually, and remove every obstruction. No hillock was left, no river over which there was not a bridge; and the road was at least 32 cubits broad. At cross-roads there were posts bearing the words Refuge, Refuge, to guide the fugitive in his flight. It seems as if in Isaiah 40:3 ff the imagery were borrowed from the preparation of the ways to the cities of refuge.

Deuteronomy 19:5

With the axe - literally, “with the iron.” Note the employment of iron for tools, and compare Deuteronomy 3:11 note.

Deuteronomy 19:8, Deuteronomy 19:9

Provision is here made for the anticipated enlargement of the borders of Israel to the utmost limits promised by God, from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates (Genesis 15:18, note; Exodus 23:31, note). This promise, owing to the sins of the people, did not receive its fulfillment until after David had conquered the Philistines, Syrians, etc.; and this but a transient one, for many of the conquered peoples regained independence on the dissolution of Solomon’s empire.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

CHAPTER XIX

Three cities of refuge to be appointed in the midst of the

promised land; the land being divided into three parts, a city

is to be placed in each, a proper way to which is to be

prepared, 1-3.

In what cases of manslaughter the benefit of those cities may be

claimed, 4-6.

Three cities more to be added should the Lord enlarge their

coasts, and the reasons why, 7-10.

The intentional murderer shall have no benefit from these

cities, 11-13.

The landmark is not to be shifted, 14.

One witness shall not be deemed sufficient to convict a man, 15.

How a false witness shall be dealt with-he shall bear the

punishment which he designed should have been inflicted on his

neighbour, 16-20.

Another command to establish the lex talionis, 21.

NOTES ON CHAP. XIX