the Week of Proper 10 / Ordinary 15
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Complete Jewish Bible
Job 28:2
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Iron is taken from the ground,and copper is smelted from ore.
Iron is taken out of the eretz, And copper is smelted out of the ore.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is molten out of the stone.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and copper is smelted from the ore.
Iron is taken from the ground, and copper is melted out of rocks.
Iron is taken from the ground, and rock is poured out as copper.
"Iron is taken out of the earth, And copper is smelted from the stone ore.
"Iron is taken from the dust, And copper is smelted from rock.
Iron is taken out of the earth, And copper is smelted out of the ore.
Yron is taken out of the dust, and brasse is molten out of the stone.
Iron is taken from the dust,And copper is smelted from rock.
Iron is taken from the earth, and copper is smelted from ore.
the same is done with iron and copper.
Iron is taken out of the dust, and copper is molten out of the stone.
Iron is dug out of the ground, and copper is melted out of the rocks.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is smelted out of the stone.
We dig iron out of the ground And melt copper out of the stones.
Iron is taken from dust, and he pours out copper from ore.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and bronze is smelted from stone.
where yron is dygged out of the grounde, & stones resolued to metall.
Iron is taken out of the earth, And copper is molten out of the stone.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and stone is changed into brass by the fire.
Iron is taken out of the dust, and brass is molten out of the stone.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and brasse is molten out of the stone.
Where yron is digged out of the grounde, & stones resolued to metall.
For iron comes out of the earth, and brass is hewn out like stone.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass is molten out of the stone.
Irun is takun fro erthe, and a stoon resolued, `ethir meltid, bi heete, is turned in to money.
Iron is taken out of the earth, And copper is molten out of the stone.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and brass [is] melted [out of] the stone.
Iron is taken from the earth, And copper is smelted from ore.
They know where to dig iron from the earth and how to smelt copper from rock.
Iron is taken out of the earth. And copper is melted from the rock.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and copper is smelted from ore.
Iron, out of the ore, is taken, and, stone, poureth out copper;
Iron is taken out of the earth, and stone melted with heat is turned into brass.
Iron is taken out of the earth, and copper is smelted from the ore.
Iron from the dust is taken, And [from] the firm stone brass.
"Iron is taken from the dust, And copper is smelted from rock.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
Iron: Genesis 4:22, Numbers 31:22, Deuteronomy 8:9, 1 Chronicles 22:14
earth: or, dust
Reciprocal: Exodus 25:3 - brass
Cross-References
(iii) Then the servant took ten of his master's camels and all kinds of gifts from his master, got up and went to Aram-Naharayim, to Nachor's city.
Rivkah had a brother named Lavan. When he saw the nose-ring, and the bracelets on his sister's wrists besides, and when he heard his sister Rivkah's report of what the man had said to her, he ran out to the spring and found the man standing there by the camels.
Lavan and B'tu'el replied, "Since this comes from Adonai , we can't say anything to you either bad or good.
Yitz'chak was forty years old when he took Rivkah, the daughter of B'tu'el the Arami from Paddan-Aram and sister of Lavan the Arami, to be his wife.
(vii) So Yitz'chak sent Ya‘akov away; and he went to Paddan-Aram, to Lavan, son of B'tu'el the Arami, the brother of Rivkah Ya‘akov's and ‘Esav's mother.
Look, I am with you. I will guard you wherever you go, and I will bring you back into this land, because I won't leave you until I have done what I have promised you."
Ya‘akov took this vow: "If God will be with me and will guard me on this road that I am traveling, giving me bread to eat and clothes to wear,
(ii) Continuing his journey, Ya‘akov came to the land of the people of the east.
and carried off all his livestock, along with all the riches he had accumulated, the livestock in his possession which he had acquired in Paddan-Aram, to go to Yitz'chak his father in the land of Kena‘an.
Then Ya‘akov said, "God of my father Avraham and God of my father Yitz'chak, Adonai , who told me, ‘Return to your country and your kinsmen, and I will do you good':
Gill's Notes on the Bible
Iron is taken out of the earth,.... Very easily, and in great plenty, and is more common, being in most countries, is nearer the surface of the earth, and here said to be taken "out of the dust" x; which, being melted in a furnace, produces iron, a metal very serviceable for various rises, and without which there is scarce any thing to be done, and therefore was with brass of early invention. Tubalcain, son of Lamech, supposed to be the Vulcan of the Heathens, a worker in iron, is said to be the instructor of every artificer in brass and iron, Genesis 4:22;
and brass [is] molten [out of] the stone; out of a brassy stone, called "cadmai", as Pliny says, and also out of another, as he observes y, called "chalcites", found in Cyprus, where was the first invention of brass, according to him, and hence perhaps copper had its name; but it is plain from Scripture, the places before referred to, that it was invented elsewhere, and long before Cyprus was known; or a "stone melted becomes brass", see Deuteronomy 8:9; of these four metals was the image in Nebuchadnezzar's vision, which represented the four monarchies of the world, Babylonian, Persian, Grecian, and Roman, Daniel 2:30; and to them are compared, and by them are represented many things in Scripture.
x ×עפר "e pulvere", V. L. Montanus, Junius & Tremellius, Piscator, Cocceius, Michaelis, Schultens. y Nat. Hist. l. 34. c. 1, 2.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Iron - As has been remarked above, iron was early known, yet probably its common use indicates a more advanced state of civilization than that of gold and silver. The Mexicans were ignorant of the use of iron, though ornaments of gold and silver elegantly worked abounded among them. Iron is less easily discovered than copper, though more abundant, and is worked with more difficulty. Among the ancient nations, copper was in general use long before iron; and arms, vases, statues, and implements of every kind were made of this metal alloyed and hardened with tin, before iron came into general use. Tubal Cain is indeed mentioned Genesis 4:22 as the âinstructor of every artificer in brass and iron,â but no direct mention is made of iron arms Numbers 35:16 or tools Deuteronomy 27:5, until after the departure from Egypt. According to the Arundelian Marbles, iron was known one hundred and eighty-eight years before the Trojan war, about 1370 years B.C.; but Hesiod, Plutarch, and others, limit its discovery to a much later period. Homer, however, distinctly mentions its use, Iliad xxiii. 262:
Πδε Î³Ï Î½Î±Íικα εÌÏ ÍζÏÌνα;, Ïολιον Ïε ÏιÌδηÏον.
HeÌ de gunaikas euzoÌnas, polion te sideÌron.
That by the âsiderosâ of the poet is meant iron, is clear, from a simile which he uses in the Odyssey, derived from the quenching of iron in water, by which he illustrates the hissing produced in the eye of Polyphemus by piercing it with the burning stake:
âAnd as when armorers temper in the ford
The keen edged pole-axe or the shining sword,
The red-hot metal hisses in the lake,
Thus in the eye-ball hissed the plunging stake.â
Odyssey ix. 391; Pope
Iron is mentioned in the time of Og king of Bashan, 1450 B.C. It was at first, however, regarded as of great value, and its use was very limited. It was presented in the temples of Greece as among the most valuable offerings, and rings of iron have been found in the tombs of Egypt that had been worn as ornaments, showing the value of the metal. One of the reasons why this metal comes so slowly into use, and why it was so rare in early times, was the difficulty of smelting the ore, and reducing it to a malleable state âIts gross and stubborn ore,â says Dr. Robertson (America, B. iv.) âmust feel twice the force of fire, and go through two laborious pocesses, before it becomes fit for use.â It was this fact which made it to Job such a proof of the wisdom of man that he had invented the process of making iron, or of separating it from the earthy portions in which it is found.
Is taken out of the earth - Margin, âdust.â The form in which iron is found is too well known to need description. It is seldom, if ever, found in its purity, and the ore generally has so much the appearance of mere earth, that it requires some skill to distinguish them.
And brass - × ××ּש×× nechuÌshaÌh. Brass is early and frequently mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 4:22; Exodus 25:3; Exodus 26:11, et al.), but there is little doubt that copper is meant in these places. Brass is a compound metal, made of copper and zinc - containing usually about one third of the weight in zinc - and it is hardly probable that the art of compounding this was early known; compare the notes at Job 20:24. Dr. Good renders this, âAnd the rock poureth forth copper.â Coverdale, âThe stones resolved to metal.â Noyes, âThe stone is melted into copper.â Prof. Lee, âAlso the stone (is taken from the earth) from which one fuseth copper.â The Hebrew is, literally,â And stone is poured out ×צ×ק copper.â The Septuagint renders it, âAnd brass is cut like stones;â that is, is cut from the quarry. The word âstoneâ here in the Hebrew (××× 'eben) means, doubtless, âoreâ in the form of stone; and the fact mentioned here, that such ore is fused into the × ××ּש×× eht nechuÌshaÌh, is clear proof that copper is intended. Brass is never found in ore, and is never compounded in the earth. A similar idea is found in Pliny, who probably uses the word âaesâ to denote copper, as it is commonly employed in the ancient writings. Aes fit ex lapide aeroso, quem vocant Cadmiam; et igne lapides in nes solvantur. Nat. Hist. xxxiv. i. 22. On the general subject of ancient metallurgy, see Wilkinsohâs Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, vol. iii. chapter ix.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Job 28:2. Iron is taken out of the earth — This most useful metal is hidden under the earth, and men have found out the method of separating it from its ore.
Brass is molten out of the stone. — As brass is a factitious metal, copper must be the meaning of the Hebrew word × ×××©× nechusah: literally, the stone is poured out for brass. If we retain the common translation, perhaps the process of making brass may be that to which Job refers; for this metal is formed from copper melted with the stone calamine; and thus the stone is poured out to make brass.
