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Thursday, July 17th, 2025
the Week of Proper 10 / Ordinary 15
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Christian Standard Bible ®

Leviticus 21:4

He is not to make himself unclean for those related to him by marriage and so defile himself.

Bible Study Resources

Concordances:

- Nave's Topical Bible - Mourning;   Sanctification;   Uncleanness;   The Topic Concordance - Priests;   Torrey's Topical Textbook - Defilement;   High Priest, the;   Priests;  

Dictionaries:

- American Tract Society Bible Dictionary - Mourning;   Bridgeway Bible Dictionary - Priest;   Baker Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology - Clean, Unclean;   Priest, Christ as;   Priest, Priesthood;   Worship;   Easton Bible Dictionary - Purification;   Fausset Bible Dictionary - Mourning;   Priest;   Holman Bible Dictionary - Birds of Abomination;   Chief;   Leviticus;   Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible - Canon of the Old Testament;   Congregation, Assembly;   Crimes and Punishments;   Deuteronomy;   Hexateuch;   Holiness;   Law;   Leviticus;   Priests and Levites;   Sanctification, Sanctify;  

Encyclopedias:

- Condensed Biblical Cyclopedia - Priesthood, the;   International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Leviticus;   The Jewish Encyclopedia - Priest;  

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Names Version
He shall not defile himself, [being] a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
King James Version
But he shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
Lexham English Bible
He must not make himself unclean as a kinsman by marriage, defiling himself.
New Century Version
But a priest must not make himself unclean if the dead person was only related to him by marriage.
New English Translation
He must not defile himself as a husband among his people so as to profane himself.
Amplified Bible
'He shall not become unclean as a relative by marriage among his people, and so profane himself.
New American Standard Bible
'He shall not defile himself as a relative by marriage among his people, so as to profane himself.
Geneva Bible (1587)
He shall not lament for the Prince among his people, to pollute him selfe.
Legacy Standard Bible
He shall not defile himself as a relative by marriage among his people, and so profane himself.
Contemporary English Version
Don't make yourself unclean by attending the funeral of someone related to you by marriage.
Complete Jewish Bible
He may not make himself unclean, because he is a leader among his people; doing so would profane him.
Darby Translation
He shall not make himself unclean [who is] a chief among his peoples, to profane himself.
Easy-to-Read Version
But a priest must not make himself unclean if the dead person was only one of his slaves.
English Standard Version
He shall not make himself unclean as a husband among his people and so profane himself.
George Lamsa Translation
But he shall not defile himself for the prince of his people, lest he profane himself.
Good News Translation
He shall not make himself unclean at the death of those related to him by marriage.
Literal Translation
A leader shall not defile himself among his people, to pollute himself;
Miles Coverdale Bible (1535)
Morouer he shal not defyle him self vpo eny ruler in his people, to vnhalowe him self.
American Standard Version
He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
Bible in Basic English
But let him, being a chief among his people, not make himself unclean in such a way as to put shame on himself.
Bishop's Bible (1568)
But he shall not be defiled vpon hym that hath aucthoritie among his people, to pollute him selfe.
JPS Old Testament (1917)
He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
King James Version (1611)
But hee shall not defile himselfe being a chiefe man among his people, to prophane himselfe.
Brenton's Septuagint (LXX)
He shall not defile himself suddenly among his people to profane himself.
English Revised Version
He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
Berean Standard Bible
He is not to defile himself for those related to him by marriage, and so profane himself.
Wycliffe Bible (1395)
but nether he schal be defoulid in the prince of his puple.
Young's Literal Translation
`A master [priest] doth not defile himself among his people -- to pollute himself;
Update Bible Version
He shall not defile himself suddenly among his relatives, to profane himself.
Webster's Bible Translation
[But] he shall not defile himself, [being] a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
World English Bible
He shall not defile himself, [being] a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
New King James Version
Otherwise he shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.
New Living Translation
But a priest must not defile himself and make himself unclean for someone who is related to him only by marriage.
New Life Bible
He should not make himself unclean as a husband among his people, and so make himself sinful.
New Revised Standard
But he shall not defile himself as a husband among his people and so profane himself.
J.B. Rotherham Emphasized Bible
He shall not make himself unclean being a chief among his people, - by profaning himself:
Douay-Rheims Bible
But not even for the prince of his people shall he do any thing that may make him unclean.
Revised Standard Version
He shall not defile himself as a husband among his people and so profane himself.
New American Standard Bible (1995)
'He shall not defile himself as a relative by marriage among his people, and so profane himself.

Contextual Overview

1The Lord said to Moses: “Speak to Aaron’s sons, the priests, and tell them: A priest is not to make himself ceremonially unclean for a dead person among his relatives, 2except for his immediate family: his mother, father, son, daughter, or brother. 3He may make himself unclean for his unmarried virgin sister in his immediate family. 4He is not to make himself unclean for those related to him by marriage and so defile himself.5“Priests may not make bald spots on their heads, shave the edge of their beards, or make gashes on their bodies. 6They are to be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God. For they present the fire offerings to the Lord, the food of their God, and they must be holy. 7They are not to marry a woman defiled by prostitution. They are not to marry one divorced by her husband, for the priest is holy to his God. 8You are to consider him holy since he presents the food of your God. He will be holy to you because I, the Lord who sets you apart, am holy. 9If a priest’s daughter defiles herself by promiscuity, she defiles her father; she must be burned to death.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

Or, the verse may be read, being an husband among his people, he shall not defile himself for his wife, etc. Ezekiel 24:16, Ezekiel 24:17

Cross-References

Genesis 21:10
So she said to Abraham, “Drive out this slave with her son, for the son of this slave will not be a coheir with my son Isaac!”
Genesis 21:12
But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed about the boy and about your slave. Whatever Sarah says to you, listen to her, because your offspring will be traced through Isaac,
Genesis 21:22
At that time Abimelech, accompanied by Phicol the commander of his army, said to Abraham, “God is with you in everything you do.
Genesis 21:23
Swear to me by God here and now, that you will not break an agreement with me or with my children and descendants. As I have been loyal to you, so you will be loyal to me and to the country where you are a resident alien.”
Exodus 12:48
If an alien resides among you and wants to observe the Lord’s Passover, every male in his household must be circumcised, and then he may participate; he will become like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it.
Leviticus 12:3
The flesh of his foreskin must be circumcised on the eighth day.
Deuteronomy 12:32
Be careful to do everything I command you; do not add anything to it or take anything away from it.
Luke 1:6
Both were righteous in God’s sight, living without blame according to all the commands and requirements of the Lord.
Luke 1:59
When they came to circumcise the child on the eighth day, they were going to name him Zechariah, after his father.
Luke 2:21
When the eight days were completed for his circumcision, he was named Jesus—the name given by the angel before he was conceived.

Gill's Notes on the Bible

[But] he shall not defile himself, [being] a chief man among his people,.... Which is not to be understood of any lord or nobleman or any chief ruler or governor of the people; for the context speaks only of priests, and not of other personages; besides, such might defile themselves, or mourn for their dead, as Abraham did for Sarah; nor of any husband for his wife, for even a priest, as has been observed, might do this for his wife, and much more a private person; nor is there any need to restrain it, as some Jewish writers do, to an adulterous wife, which a husband might not mourn for, though he might for his right and lawful wife; but there is nothing in the text, neither of an husband, nor a wife: the words are to be interpreted of a priest, and either of him as considered as a person of eminence, consequence, and importance, and sons giving a reason why he should not defile himself for the dead, because he was a principal person among his people to officiate for them in sacred things; wherefore if he did not take care that he was not defiled for the dead, which might often happen, he would be frequently hindered from doing his office for the people, which would be attended with ill consequence to them; and therefore the above cases are only excepted, as being such that rarely happened: or rather the words are to be considered as a prohibition of defiling himself "for [any] chief" s, or principal man, lord, ruler, or governor, among his people; even for such an one he was not to defile himself, being no relation of his:

to profane himself; make himself unfit for sacred service, or make himself a common person; put himself upon a level with a common private man, and be no more capable of serving at the altar, or doing any part of the work off priest, than such an one.

s בעל בעמיו "in principe populi sui", V. L. so Pesicta & Ben Melech in loc. & Kimchi Sepher Shorash. rad. בעל

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The sense seems to be that, owing to his position in the nation, the priest is not to defile himself in any cases except those named in Leviticus 21:2-3. The Septuagint appear to have followed a different reading of the text which would mean, “he shall not defile himself for a moment.” The explanation in the margin of our version is hardly in keeping with the prohibition to Ezekiel on a special occasion. See Ezekiel 24:16.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Leviticus 21:4. A chief man among his people — The word בעל baal signifies a master, chief, husband, &c., and is as variously translated here.

1. He being a chief among the people, it would be improper to see him in such a state of humiliation as mourning for the dead necessarily implies.

2. Though a husband he shall not defile himself even for the death of a wife, because the anointing of his God is upon him. But the first sense appears to be the best.


 
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