ישעיה 3:19

Hebrew Modern Translation

הנטפות והשרות והרעלות׃

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Aleppo Codex
הנטפות והשירות והרעלות

Biblia Hebrica Stuttgartensia (1967/77)
הַנְּטִיפֹ֥ות וְהַשֵּׁירֹ֖ות וְהָֽרְעָלֹֽות ׃

Westminster Leningrad Codex
הַנְּטִיפוֹת וְהַשֵּׁירוֹת וְהָֽרְעָלֹֽות ׃

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

chains: or, sweet-balls, Neteephoth earrings or drops; in Arabic, netafaṫ

the bracelets: Genesis 24:22, Genesis 24:30, Genesis 24:53, Genesis 38:18, Genesis 38:25, Exodus 35:22, Numbers 31:50, Ezekiel 16:11

mufflers: or, spangled ornaments

Reciprocal: Psalms 73:6 - as a chain Proverbs 1:9 - an ornament

Gill's Notes on the Bible

The chains,.... According to Kimchi and R. Levi ben Gersom on Judges 8:26 these were drop bottles, or vessels of gold, in which were put stacte or balsam; and the former says here, they were such in which balsam was put, and women hung about their necks; though, he observes, some interpret them of chains, which were made of small stones of bdellium; hence pure bdellium is called in the Arabic tongue

אלנטף; and so Jarchi renders the word "chains"; and they are called by this name, because they hang about the neck, and drop upon the breast, and are in the form of precious stones, bored and strung:

and the bracelets; hand bracelets, according to the Targum; such as Abraham's servant gave to Rebekah, Genesis 24:22:

and the mufflers; these were veils which covered the whole face, excepting the eyes, the same that we call masks: it is said a of the Arabian women, that they went out רעולות; that is, as Bartenora explains it, they were veiled about the head, so that the whole face was covered, excepting their eyes; though Maimonides interprets them of little bells, which the Arabian women went out with; the Targum here explains the word by "women's veils"; though some think only the "spangles" which were on them are meant, so called from their trembling and shaking motion.

a Misn. Sabbat, c. 6. sect. 6.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The chains - Margin, “sweet balls.” The word used here is derived from the verb נטף nâṭaph, to drop, to fall in drops, or to distil,” as juice from a plant. Hence, it means that which “resembles drops” - as pearls, or precious stones, used as ornaments for the neck or ears. We retain a similar word as applicable to the ornaments of the ears, by calling them “drops.” The Chaldee renders this “chains,” and so also the Vulgate. The Septuagint understands it of a “hanging” or “pendant” ornament - and this is its undoubted meaning - an ornament pendant like gum distilling from a plant. ‘These consist, first, of one most beautifully worked, with a pendant ornament for the neck; there is also a profusion of others which go round the same part, and rest on the bosom. In making curious chains, the goldsmiths of England do not surpass those of the East.’ - “Roberts.”

And the bracelets - For the wrists. The Chaldee translates it, ‘bracelets for the hands.’ These ornaments were very ancient; see Genesis 24:22; Numbers 31:50. - Mahomet promises to those who shall follow him, gold and silver bracelets. ‘The bracelets are large ornaments for the wrists, in which are sometimes enclosed small bells.’ - “Roberts.”

Mufflers - Margin, “spangled ornaments.” The word used here is derived from a verb, “to tremble, to shake” - רעל râ‛al - and the name is given to the ornament, whatever it was, probably from its “tremulous” motion. Perhaps it means a “light, thin veil;” or possibly, as in the margin, spangled ornaments, producing a tremulous, changing aspect. In Zechariah 7:2, the word is used to denote ‘trembling’ - giddiness, or intoxication. It was early customary, and is still common in Oriental countries, for the females to wear veils. No female ventures abroad without her veil. That which is supposed to be intended here, is described by the Arabian scholiast Safieri, quoted by Gesenius. It is drawn tight over the upper part of the head, but the part around the eyes is open, and a space left to see through, and the lower part is left loose and flowing, and thus produces the “tremulous” appearance indicated in this place; see the notes and illustrations at Isaiah 3:24.