Amós 1:9

La Biblia Reina-Valera

Así ha dicho Jehová: Por tres pecados de Tiro, y por el cuarto, no desviaré su castigo; porque entregaron la cautividad entera á Edom, y no se acordaron del concierto de hermanos.

Parallel Translations

La Biblia de las Americas
Así dice el Señor : por tres transgresiones de Tiro, y por cuatro, no revocaré su castigo, por haber entregado todo un pueblo cautivo a Edom sin acordarse del pacto de hermanos.

La Biblia Reina-Valera Gomez
As� dice Jehov�: Por tres pecados de Tiro, y por el cuarto, no revocar� su castigo; porque entregaron la cautividad entera a Edom, y no se acordaron del pacto de hermanos.

Sagradas Escrituras (1569)
As� dijo el SE�OR: Por tres pecados de Tiro, y por el cuarto, no la convertir�; porque entregaron la cautividad entera a Edom, y no se acordaron del concierto de hermanos.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

Tyrus: Isaiah 23:1-18, Jeremiah 47:4, Ezekiel 26:1 - Ezekiel 28:26, Joel 3:4-8, Zechariah 9:2-4

because: Amos 1:6, Amos 1:11

brotherly covenant: Heb. covenant of brethren, 2 Samuel 5:11, 1 Kings 5:1-11, 1 Kings 9:11-14, 2 Chronicles 2:8-16

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 30:7 - General 1 Kings 5:12 - they two 1 Kings 9:13 - my brother Proverbs 6:16 - six Proverbs 30:15 - There Jeremiah 25:22 - Tyrus Jeremiah 27:3 - Edom Ezekiel 26:2 - Tyrus Ezekiel 28:18 - therefore Amos 1:3 - For Amos 2:1 - For three Obadiah 1:14 - neither shouldest Zechariah 2:8 - the nations Matthew 11:22 - Tyre

Gill's Notes on the Bible

Thus saith the Lord, for three transgressions of Tyrus,.... Or Tyre, a very ancient city in Palestine; of which

:-;

and for four, I will not turn away [the punishment] thereof;

:-;

because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom: such of the Israelites that fell into their hands, or fled to them for shelter, they delivered up to the Edomites, their implacable adversaries, or sold them to them, as they did to the Grecians, Joel 3:6;

and remembered not the brotherly covenant; either the covenant and agreement that should be among brethren, as the Jews and Edomites were which the Tyrians should have remembered, and persuaded them to live peaceably; and not have delivered the one into the hands of the other, to be used in a cruel manner as slaves: or else the covenant made between Hiram king of Tyre, and David king of Israel, and which was renewed between Hiram and Solomon, on account of which they called each other brethren, 2 Samuel 5:11. The Phoenicians, of whom, the Tyrians were the principal, are noted for being faithless and treacherous f. "Punica fides" g was the same as "French faith" now; the perfidy of Hannibal is well known h. Cicero i says the Carthaginians, which were a colony of the Tyrians, were a deceitful and lying people; and Virgil k calls the Tyrians themselves "Tyrios bilingues", "double tongued Tyrians", which, Servius interprets deceitful, as referring more to the mind than to the tongue; and observes from Livy the perfidy of the Phoenicians in general, that they have nothing true nor sacred among them; no fear of God, no regard to an oath, nor any religion; and which are the three or four transgressions for which they are said here they should be punished; for, besides their ill usage of the Jews, their idolatry no doubt came into the account: the god that was worshipped at Tyre was Hercules, by whom was meant the sun, as Macrobius l observes; and as there were several Heathen gods of this name, he whom the Tyrians worshipped is the fourth of the name with Cicero m; the same is the Melicarthus of Sanchoniatho n, which signifies the king of the city, by which Bochart o thinks Tyre is intended. To be a priest of Hercules was the second honour to that of king, as Justin p observes; and so careful were the Tyrians of this deity, that they used to chain him, that he might not depart from them; see Jeremiah 10:4; and a most magnificent temple they had in honour of him, and which, they pretended, was exceeding ancient, as old as the city itself, the antiquity of which they speak extravagantly of Herodotus q says he saw this temple, and which was greatly ornamented, and particularly had two pillars, one of gold, and another of emerald; and inquiring of the priests, they told; him it was built when their city was, ten thousand three hundred years before that time; but according to their own historians r, Hiram, who lived in the days of Solomon, built the temple of Hercules, as well as that of Astarte; for though she is called the goddess of the Sidonians, she was also worshipped by the Tyrians; as he also ornamented the temple of Jupiter Olympius, and annexed it to the city, which deity also it seems had worship paid it in this place.

f Alex. ab Alex. Genial Dier. l. 5. c. 10. g Vid. Reinesiura de Ling. Punic. c. 2. sect. 12. h Vid. Valer. Maxim. l. 9. c. 6. i Contra Rullum, Orat. 16. k Aeneid. l. 1. l Saturnal. l. 1. c. 20. m De Naturn Deorum, l. 3. n Apud Euseb. Praepar. Evangel. l. 2. p. 38. o Canaan, l. 2. col. 709. p E Trogo, l. 18. c. 4. q Euterp, sive l. 2. c. 44. r Meander & Dius apud Joseph. Antiqu. l. 8. c. 5. sect. 3.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The last crowning sin, for which judgment is pronounced on Tyre, is the same as that of Philistia, and probably was enacted in concert with it. In Tyre, there was this aggravation, that it was a violation of a previous treaty and friendship. It was not a covenant only, nor previous friendliness only; but a specific covenant, founded on friendship which they forgat and brake. If they retained the memory of Hiram’s contact with David and Solomon, it was a sin against light too. After David had expelled the Jebusites from Jerusalem, “Hiram King of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees and carpenters and masons; and they built David a house” 2 Samuel 5:11. The Philistines contrariwise invaded him 2 Samuel 5:17. This recognition of him by Hiram was to David a proof, “that the Lord had established him king over Israel, and that He had exalted his kingdom for His people, Israel’s sake” 2 Samuel 5:12.

Hiram seems, then, to have recognized something super-human in the exaltation of David. “Hiram was ever a lover of David” 1 Kings 5:1. This friendship he continued to Solomon, and recognized his God as “the” God. Scripture embodies the letter of Hiram; “Because the Lord hath loved his people, He hath made thee king over them. Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, that made heaven and earth, who hath given to David a wise son - that he might build are house for the Lord” . He must have known then the value which the pious Israelites attached to the going up to that temple. A later treaty, offered by Demetrius Nicator to Jonathan, makes detailed provision that the Jews should have “the feasts and sabbaths and new moons and the solemn days and the three days before the feast and the three days after the feast, as days of immunity and freedom.”

The three days before the feast were given, that they might go up to the feast. Other treaties guarantee to the Jews religious privileges . A treaty between Solomon and Hiram, which should not secure any religious privileges needed by Jews in Hiram’s dominion, is inconceivable. But Jews were living among the Zidonians (see the note at Joel 3:6). The treaty also, made between Hiram and Solomon, was subsequent to the arrangement by which Hiram was to supply cedars to Solomon, and Solomon to furnish the grain of which Hiram stood in need 1 Kings 5:7-11. “The Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as He promised him” 1 Kings 5:12; and, as a fruit of that wisdom, “there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and they two made a covenant.” The terms of that covenant are not there mentioned; but a covenant involves conditions. it was not a mere peace; but a distinct covenant, sanctioned by religious rites and by sacrifice.

“This brotherly covenant Tyre remembered not,” when they delivered up to Edom “a complete captivity,” all the Jews who came into their hands. It seems then, that that covenant had an special provision against selling them away from their own land. This same provision other people made for love of their country or their homes; the Jews, for love of their religion. This covenant Tyre remembered not, but brake. They knew doubtless why Edom sought to possess the Israelites; but the covetousness of Tyre fed the cruelty of Edom, and God punished the broken appeal to Himself.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Amos 1:9. Tyrus — See an ample description of this place, and of its desolation and final ruin, in the notes on Ezekiel 26:1-19.

The brotherly covenant — This possibly refers to the very friendly league made between Solomon and Hiram, king of Tyre, 1 Kings 5:12; but some contend that the brotherly covenant refers to the consanguinity between the Jews and Edomites. The Tyrians, in exercising cruelties upon these, did it, in effect, on the Jews, with whom they were connected by the most intimate ties of kindred; the two people having descended from the two brothers, Jacob and Esau. See Calmet.