Lectionary Calendar
Sunday, September 1st, 2024
the Week of Proper 17 / Ordinary 22
the Week of Proper 17 / Ordinary 22
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Bible Commentaries
Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes Bullinger's Companion Notes
Copyright Statement
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
Bibliographical Information
Bullinger, Ethelbert William. "Commentary on Exodus 23". "Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/bul/exodus-23.html. 1909-1922.
Bullinger, Ethelbert William. "Commentary on Exodus 23". "Bullinger's Companion bible Notes". https://www.studylight.org/
Whole Bible (46)Old Testament (1)Individual Books (2)
Verse 1
raise = utter, or take up. Same as Exodus 20:7 .
the wicked = a wicked one. Hebrew. rash ' a. App-44 .
Verse 2
evil-injury . Hebrew. r ' a ' a. See App-44 .
speak = testify.
decline = "turn away [and follow]". Figure of speech Ellipsis ( App-6 . a).
Verse 3
countenance = prefer, or favour.
Verse 4
ox or his ass . Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species), App-6 , put for any kind of beast of burden.
Verse 5
help . Hebrew. Homonym. 'azab two words (1) 'azab = to leave, or forsake. (2) 'azab = to help, or restore (hence strengthen, or fortify). No. 1 in Genesis 2:24 ; Genesis 39:6 . Nehemiah 5:10 . Psalms 49:10 . Malachi 4:0 . But here it should be No. 2 (as in Nehemiah 3:8 . Deuteronomy 32:36 . 1Ki 14:10 . 2 Kings 14:26 . Jeremiah 49:25 ).
surely help with him . Figure of speech Polyptoton ( App-6 ), "helping shalt help him", or, supplying the Ellipsis, " surely help him [to unload]".
Verse 7
wicked = a wicked one. Hebrew. rash ' a. App-44 .
Verse 8
blindeth . . . perverteth : i.e. causeth these acts, or sins. Figure of speech Metonymy (of Effect), App-6 .
wise . Hebrew seeing the most clear-sighted.
Verse 9
heart = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13 .
Verse 10
fruits . Hebrew harvest.
Verse 11
and . Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint, have this in text; it need not, therefore, be in italics.
Verse 12
refreshed . Hebrew verbal form of nephesh (soul) = quickened, have new life put in, renewed, or revived.
Verse 13
be circumspect = take heed.
make no mention , &c. A command often disobeyed, especially in house of Saul. Compare "Baal", 1 Chronicles 8:33 ; 1 Chronicles 9:39 ; 1Ch 12:5 ; 1 Chronicles 14:7 ; 1 Chronicles 27:28 . Hence the importance of the prophecy as to the future in Hosea 2:16 , Hosea 2:17 .
Verse 14
Three times . No. of Divine perfection. App-10 .
Verse 15
as = according as.
month Abib . See App-51 .
appear before Me . This is the current Hebrew text: but this, and ten other passages were altered by the Sopherim (only in the pointing). App-33 . The primitive text read (and ought to be) "see My face". They did not know that "face" was used by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Part), App-6 , for the person "Me", and they thought it too anthropomorphitic. See note on Exodus 34:20 .
empty = empty-handed.
Verse 17
before = Hebrew "before the face of".
THE Lord God = Hebrew. ha-'adon Jehovah. See App-4 .
Verse 18
offer . Hebrew "slay", requiring the supply of the Ellipsis, ii. d ( App-8 ), "slay [and pour out]". See App-43 .
sacrifice . Hebrew "feast", put by Metonymy (of Adjunct' for "festal sacrifice" ( App-6 ).
Verse 19
the LORD . Hebrew. Jehovah . App-4 .
God . Hebrew. Elohim . App-4 .
mother's : i.e. in the milk of its dam. Repeated, Exo 84:26 and Deuteronomy 14:21 . For similar consideration compare Deuteronomy 22:6 . Leviticus 22:28 .
Verse 20
Behold . Figure of speech Asterismos ( App-6 ) for emphasis. an angel. It is Elohim speaking, therefore, who can it be but Micha-el? Compare Daniel 10:13 , Daniel 10:21 ; Daniel 12:1 .Jude 1:9 ; and see Malachi 3:1 ; Isaiah 63:9 .
Verse 21
transgressions = Hebrew. pasha. App-44 . My name. Compare Jeremiah 23:26 . Colossians 2:9 .
the Hivites . Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch, Targum of Onkelos, and one early printed edition, read "and the Hivites".
them = the six nations. See App-10 .
Verse 24
images = sacred pillars or statues. Exodus 24:4 ; Exodus 34:13 . See note on Exodus 26:0 .
Verse 25
bread , and thy water. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Species), App-6 , put for all kinds of food and drink.
Verse 27
My fear = a terror of me.
Verse 28
hornets . Compare Deuteronomy 7:20 . Joshua 24:12 .
Verse 31
sea of the Philistines = the Mediterranean or "Great Sea".
from the desert = the desert of Shur.
the river = the Euphrates.
the inhabitants . Some codices, with The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel and one early printed edition, read "all the inhabitants".
Verse 33
sin . Hebrew. chat'a. See App-44 .