Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
Psalms 11:5

Clarke's Commentary

Verse Psalms 11:5. The Lord trieth the righteous — He does not abandon them; he tries them to show their faithfulness, and he afflicts them for their good.

His soul hateth. — The wicked man must ever be abhorred of the Lord; and the violent man-the destroyer and murderer-his soul hateth; an expression of uncommon strength and energy: all the perfections of the Divine nature have such in abomination.

Bridgeway Bible Commentary

Psalms 11-13 Persevere . . . or give in?

There came a time when David became tired of his continual flight from Saul, not just because it was wearying, but because it was cutting him off from the public worship places of God’s people (1 Samuel 26:19). His spiritual life was weakened and he gave in to the temptation to leave his own country for the safety of enemy Philistia (1 Samuel 27:1). This is the sort of temptation that David considers in Psalms 11:0, the temptation to go along with wrongdoing instead of resisting it.

If people act solely according to common sense, their suggestion in such a crisis will probably be to do what creates least hardship. After all (so the argument runs), if there is no law and order in the community, and if people in positions of power have set themselves to do evil, what can a righteous person gain by trying to resist (11:1-3)? David replies that such action really shows a lack of understanding of God’s holiness and no respect for his authority. God sees and understands all. He will pour out his wrath on the wicked, but he will comfort the faithful with the security of his presence (4-7).

The theme of Psalms 10:0 and 11 continues in Psalms 12:0, and indeed right through to Psalms 17:0. Ungodly people hold all the positions of power and pay no attention to the opinions of those who walk in God’s ways. They maintain their authority and influence only by twisting, ignoring or withholding the truth (12:1-4). But God sees and knows. He promises to protect the godly, and his promises can be trusted (5-6). His people know that their only hope is in him (7-8).

Continual persecution can be hard to bear. It tries the psalmist’s patience to the limit, causing him to cry out to God, almost in despair, asking when will God deliver him from his troubles (13:1-2). If he dies, his enemies will think they have won the battle against him (3-4). However, the very act of crying out to God lightens his burden. It reminds him that the one to whom he cries has bound himself to his people with a covenant love, and he will not fail (5-6).

God’s steadfast love

Frequently the psalmists rejoice in a characteristic of God that RSV translates as ‘steadfast love’, GNB translates as ‘constant love’, and other versions translate as ‘loyalty’, ‘love’, ‘mercy’, ‘kindness’ and ‘loving kindness’. These are all translations of the Hebrew word chesed, which has the meaning of covenant loyalty or faithfulness.

A covenant was an agreement between two parties that carried with it obligations and blessings. Chesed was a particularly strong form of love, which bound a person to be faithful and loyal to the other party in the covenant. In the Psalms the word is used frequently to denote the loyal love and covenant faithfulness that God exercises towards his people through all their trials and joys (e.g Psalms 13:5; Psalms 25:7).

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

THE SONG OF THE STEDFAST
(FOR THE CHIEF MUSICIAN. A PSALM OF DAVID)

“In Jehovah do I take my refuge: How say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain; For, lo, the wicked bend the bow, They make ready their arrow upon the string. That they may shoot in darkness at the upright in heart; If the foundations be destroyed, What can the righteous do? Jehovah is in his holy temple; Jehovah, his throne is in heaven; His eyes behold, his eyelids try the children of men. Jehovah trieth the righteous; But the wicked and him that loveth violence his soul hateth. Upon the wicked he will rain snares; Fire and brimstone and burning wind shall be the portion of their cup. For Jehovah is righteous: The upright shall behold his face.”

As indicated by our arrangement of the text here, this magnificent psalm falls into two divisions. In Psalms 11:1-3, David is wrongfully advised by well-meaning, but erroneous counselors, to flee for his life like as a bird flies toward some mountain. This advice is reinforced by their mention of the murderers who are preparing to kill him, and by the fact that, according to these advisers, the battle is already lost; the foundations have been destroyed; the cause is hopeless; why not abandon a sinking ship?

Spurgeon believed that the historical situation was that of Saul’s enmity against David, and before Saul’s final attempt upon David’s life.Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Treasury of David (ZPH), p. 49. Others have suggested that the situation existed during Absalom’s rebellion against David; and, as Yates said, “The circumstances are strikingly similar to those of several episodes in David’s life.”Kyle M. Yates, Wycliffe Bible Commentary of the Old Testament (Chicago: Moody Press, 1962), p. 500. And, as McCaw stated it, “The psalm belongs to all of those occasions when evil powers threaten the security and well-being of God’s people.”Leslie S. McCaw, The New Bible Commentary, Revised (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1970), p. 457. Dummelow also took a broad view of the psalm’s application thus: This is a song of confidence in God, and in the security of the righteous under his protection, notwithstanding the timid counsels of less trustful friends, and the evil devices of the wicked, who are doomed to destruction.J. R. Dummelow, On the Old Testament (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1937), p. 333.

We appreciate also Rhodes’ comment that:

Psalms 11 is one of the gems of the Psalter classified as affirmations of faith in spite of danger to himself, in spite of advice of friends to flee, and in spite of the seeming hopelessness of the cause.Arnold B. Rhodes, The Layman’s Bible Commentary (Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1960), p. 38.

Some have classified this as one of the so-called “Persecution Psalms,” which Maclaren identified as Psalms 3; Psalms 7; Psalms 9; Psalms 14; Psalms 17, in addition to this one.Alexander Maclaren, Psalms (New York: Eaton and Mains, 1892), p. 102.

According to Barnes, all of these Psalms 11:1-3, except the opening declaration of faith in the Lord, may be regarded as the words of David’s well-meaning, but erroneous advisers.Albert Barnes, The Psalms (Baker Book House, 1950), pp. 99, 100. It is also the opinion of this writer that some of these strong admonitions to flee from danger might have come from the promptings of David’s own sense of prudence in the face of danger. Whatever their source, the glory of the psalmist is that he was able to overcome them and to act upon his implicit trust in God.

The second half of the psalm, Psalms 11:4-7, affirms the psalmist’s unwavering trust and confidence in God. He thundered the name of Jehovah no less than four times in this concluding division. God Himself is the answer to all of man’s problems, doubts, dangers and fears. God is in heaven; He is in His holy temple, and that expression in this context has no relation whatever to some earthly house,

God loves the righteous and abhors the wicked. His eyes run to and fro through the whole earth and He sees all, knows all, and will always act whenever the proper time for action has come. Men who have already fled for refuge in Jehovah have no need whatever to seek refuge anywhere else. God is indeed the ultimate refuge.

The mention in Psalms 11:5 that Jehovah trieth the righteous suggests that God’s people are purposely exposed to wickedness because of God’s purpose thus to strengthen and develop them.

He will rain fire and brimstone. It is usually admitted by scholars that there is a remembrance in these words of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, a very remarkable event recorded in Genesis which must be considered as a type of the eternal judgment. The mention of that overthrow here suggests that the psalmist is thinking of the final judgment and destruction of all the wicked when “The great day of God’s wrath” has finally come.

The great lesson for all Christians in this psalm is that we should not attempt to run away from every danger but place our trust in God. Will not the Lord look after His own children? Indeed He will! Yes indeed, they will be threatened, persecuted, hated, even sometimes put to death, but, as Jesus Christ told his apostles:

“Ye shall be delivered up even by parents, and brethren, and kinsfolk, and friends; and some of you shall they cause to be put to death. And ye shall be hated of all men for my name’s sake. And not a hair of your head shall perish” (Luke 21:16-18).

What a marvelous security is this! Even if we are put to death, “not a hair of our head shall perish.” It was this very confidence and spiritual security that enabled the psalmist in the situation here to resist all suggestions that he give up and flee from the scene. Souls that are truly in harmony with God will find the strength to say in the most important crisis that life can offer, “Here I stand; so help me God, I cannot do otherwise”!

Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible

The Lord trieth the righteous - That is, he “proves” them, searches them, tests the reality of their piety. His dealings with them are such as to test the genuineness of their religion, and are designed to show their sincerity and the real power of their religious principles. It is not for the purpose of destroying them, or punishing them, that he deals with them as he does, but it is to show the reality of their attachment to him. This language seems here to be used to show the feeling of the persecuted and afflicted author of the psalm. He understood the reason why these calamities were suffered to come upon him - to wit, as a trial of his faith; and therefore it was his duty to remain and bear these troubles, and not to attempt to escape from them by flight. He says, therefore, that these troubles in the case of the righteous were in strong contrast with the purpose of the divine dealings toward the wicked, on whom God would “rain” snares, fire, and brimstone. In their case his judgments were for the purpose of punishing and destroying; in the case of the righteous it was to “try” them, or to test the reality of their religion.

But the wicked - The wicked in general. All the wicked.

And him that loveth violence - Referring particularly here to those who were engaged in persecuting him who was the author of this psalm. They were contemplating acts of violence toward him Psalms 11:2; he says that all such persons were the objects of the divine displeasure, and would be appropriately punished.

His soul hateth - that is, “he” hates. God is often spoken of in language appropriate to man; and he is here referred to as having a soul - as he is elsewhere as having eyes, hands, or feet. The meaning is, that all such persons were the objects of the divine abhorrence, and that the divine dealings with them were not, as with the righteous, to “try” them, but to “punish” and “destroy” them. Knowing this, the persecuted author of the psalm, instead of fleeing, calmly committed himself and his cause to God.

Smith's Bible Commentary

Psalms 11:1-7 is to the chief musician. It is a psalm of David.

In the LORD put I my trust: how do you say to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain? ( Psalms 11:1 )

My trust is in the Lord. Why should I flee to the mountains? Why should I try to hide from trouble? My trust is in God.

For, lo, the wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow upon the string, that they might privately shoot at the upright in heart. Now if the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do? ( Psalms 11:2-3 )

I think that this is a very interesting question that we need to ask ourselves at the present time, as we look at the state of our nation. And we see the foundations being destroyed. The moral foundations upon which our nation was built are being destroyed. The liberal politicians are undermining and destroying the foundations upon which this nation was built, and if the foundations are destroyed, what are the righteous going to do? The thing is going to crumble. Even as Rome was conquered, not from without, but it crumbled from within, because of the rotten planks that once held the nation Rome strong. The law and so forth became corrupt, rotten.

The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD'S throne is in the heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. The LORD tries the righteous: but the wicked and him that loves violence his soul hates. Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup. For the righteous LORD loves righteousness; and his countenance doth behold the upright ( Psalms 11:4-7 ). "

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

Psalms 11

David appears to have been fleeing from an enemy when he wrote this psalm, but we do not know the exact background incident. He expressed confidence that, even though lawful authority might perish, the godly can trust in the Lord to punish the wicked and deliver the righteous. The central issue in this psalm of individual lament, with emphases on trust and thanksgiving, is the persecution of the righteous by the wicked.

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

2. Confidence in God 11:4-7

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

The Lord’s testing refers to Him examining the righteous and the wicked. He sets Himself against people who love what He hates, including violence, in opposition to His will.

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

The Lord trieth the righteous,.... As gold is tried in the fire, by afflictive providences; hereby he tries their graces, their faith, and patience, their hope, and love, and fear; and, by so doing, expresses his love to them, since this is all for their good: and therefore, when he suffers the wicked to go great lengths in persecuting and distressing them, this should not weaken, their confidence in him; he still loves them, and loves when he rebukes and chastises them;

but the wicked, and him that loveth violence, his soul hateth; that is, such who live in a course of sin and wickedness, and who not only do injury to the persons, characters, and properties of men, but love it, and delight therein, and also take pleasure in them that do the same: these God has a continued and inward aversion to; sin and wickedness being the abominable thing his righteous soul hates: and he shows his hatred to them, by not chastising them now, as he does his own people, but reserving everlasting punishment for them hereafter; see Proverbs 13:24.

Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      4 The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD's throne is in heaven: his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men.   5 The LORD trieth the righteous: but the wicked and him that loveth violence his soul hateth.   6 Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and a horrible tempest: this shall be the portion of their cup.   7 For the righteous LORD loveth righteousness; his countenance doth behold the upright.

      The shaking of a tree (they say) makes it take the deeper and faster root. The attempt of David's enemies to discourage his confidence in God engages him to cleave so much the more closely to his first principles, and to review them, which he here does, abundantly to his own satisfaction and the silencing of all temptations to infidelity. That which was shocking to his faith, and has been so to the faith of many, was the prosperity of wicked people in their wicked ways, and the straits and distresses which the best men are sometimes reduced to: hence such an evil thought as this was apt to arise, Surely it is vain to serve God, and we may call the proud happy. But, in order to stifle and shame all such thoughts, we are here called to consider,

      I. That there is a God in heaven: The Lord is in his holy temple above, where, though he is out of our sight, we are not out of his. Let not the enemies of the saints insult over them, as if they were at a loss and at their wits' end: no, they have a God, and they know where to find him and how to direct their prayer unto him, as their Father in heaven. Or, He is in his holy temple, that is, in his church; he is a God in covenant and communion with his people, through a Mediator, of whom the temple was a type. We need not say, "Who shall go up to heaven, to fetch us thence a God to trust to?" No, the word is nigh us, and God in the word; his Spirit is in his saints, those living temples, and the Lord is that Spirit.

      II. That this God governs the world. The Lord has not only his residence, but his throne, in heaven, and he has set the dominion thereof in the earth (Job 38:33); for, having prepared his throne in the heavens, his kingdom ruleth over all,Psalms 103:19. Hence the heavens are said to rule,Daniel 4:26. Let us by faith see God on this throne, on his throne of glory, infinitely transcending the splendour and majesty of earthly princes--on his throne of government, giving law, giving motion, and giving aim, to all the creatures--on his throne of judgment, rendering to every man according to his works--and on his throne of grace, to which his people may come boldly for mercy and grace; we shall then see no reason to be discouraged by the pride and power of oppressors, or any of the afflictions that attend the righteous.

      III. That this God perfectly knows every man's true character: His eyes behold, his eye-lids try, the children of men; he not only sees them, but he sees through them, not only knows all they say and do, but knows what they think, what they design, and how they really stand affected, whatever they pretend. We may know what men seem to be, but he knows what they are, as the refiner knows what the value of the gold is when he has tried it. God is said to try with his eyes, and his eye-lids, because he knows men, not as earthly princes know men, by report and representation, but by his own strict inspection, which cannot err nor be imposed upon. This may comfort us when we are deceived in men, even in men that we think we have tried, that God's judgment of men, we are sure, is according to truth.

      IV. That, if he afflict good people, it is for their trial and therefore for their good, Psalms 11:5; Psalms 11:5. The Lord tries all the children of men that he may do them good in their latter end,Deuteronomy 8:16. Let not that therefore shake our foundations nor discourage our hope and trust in God.

      V. That, however persecutors and oppressors may prosper and prevail awhile, they now lie under, and will for ever perish under, the wrath of God. 1. He is a holy God, and therefore hates them, and cannot endure to look upon them: The wicked, and him that loveth violence, his soul hateth; for nothing is more contrary to the rectitude and goodness of his nature. Their prosperity is so far from being an evidence of God's love that their abuse of it does certainly make them the objects of his hatred. He that hates nothing that he has made, yet hates those who have thus ill-made themselves. Dr. Hammond offers another reading of Psalms 11:5: The Lord trieth the righteous and the wicked (distinguishes infallibly between them, which is more than we can do), and he that loveth violence hateth his own soul, that is, persecutors bring certain ruin upon themselves (Proverbs 8:36), as follows here. 2. He is a righteous Judge, and therefore he will punish them, Psalms 11:6; Psalms 11:6. Their punishment will be, (1.) Inevitable: Upon the wicked he shall rain snares. Here is a double metaphor, to denote the unavoidableness of the punishment of wicked men. It shall be rained upon them from heaven (Job 20:23), against which there is no fence and from which there is no escape; see Joshua 10:11; 1 Samuel 2:10. It shall surprise them as a sudden shower sometimes surprises the traveller in a summer's day. It shall be as snares upon them, to hold them fast, and keep them prisoners, till the day of reckoning comes. (2.) Very terrible. It is fire, and brimstone, and a horrible tempest, which plainly alludes to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, and very fitly, for that destruction was intended for a figure of the vengeance of eternal fire,Jude 1:7. The fire of God's wrath, fastening upon the brimstone of their own guilt, will burn certainly and furiously, will burn to the lowest hell and the utmost line of eternity. What a horrible tempest are the wicked hurried away in at death! What a lake of fire and brimstone must they make their bed in for ever, in the congregation of the dead and damned! It is this that is here meant; it is this that shall be the portion of their cup, the heritage appointed them by the Almighty and allotted to them, Job 20:29. This is the cup of trembling which shall be put into their hands, which they must drink the dregs of, Psalms 75:8. Every man has the portion of his cup assigned him. Those who choose the Lord for the portion of their cup shall have what they choose, and be for ever happy in their choice (Psalms 16:5); but those who reject his grace shall be made to drink the cup of his fury, Jeremiah 25:15; Isaiah 51:17; Habakkuk 2:16.

      VI. That, though honest good people may be run down and trampled upon, yet God does and will own them, and favour them, and smile upon them, and that is the reason why God will severely reckon with persecutors and oppressors, because those whom they oppress and persecute are dear to him; so that whosoever toucheth them toucheth the apple of his eye,Psalms 11:7; Psalms 11:7. 1. He loves them and the work of his own grace in them. He is himself a righteous God, and therefore loves righteousness wherever he finds it and pleads the cause of the righteous that are injured and oppressed; he delights to execute judgment for them, Psalms 103:6. We must herein be followers of God, must love righteousness as he does, that we may keep ourselves always in his love. He looks graciously upon them: His countenance doth behold the upright; he is not only at peace with them, and puts gladness into their hearts, by letting them know that he is so. He, like a tender father, looks upon them with pleasure, and they, like dutiful children, are pleased and abundantly satisfied with his smiles. They walk in the light of the Lord.

      In singing this psalm we must encourage and engage ourselves to trust in God at all times, must depend upon him to protect our innocence and make us happy, must dread his frowns as worse than death and desire his favour as better than life.