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Samarium
1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
or [[[symbol]] Sm, atomic weight 150.4 (0= 16)1, a rare earth metal (see Rare Earths). The separation has been worked at by A. v. Welsbach, L. de Boisbaudran, Urbain and Lacombe (Comptes rendus, 1903, 1 37 pp. 568, 792); Demargay (ibid. 1900, 230, p. 101q); Benedicks; Felt and Przibylla (Zeit. anorg. Chem., 1905, 43, p. 202) and others. The metal may be obtained by reduction of its oxide with magnesium. It combines with hydrogen to form a hydride. The salts are mostly of a yellowish colour. The chloride, SmC1 3.6H 2 0, is a deliquescent solid which when heated in hydrochloric acid gas to 180° C. yields the anhydrous chloride. This anhydrous chloride is reduced to a lower chloride, of composition SmC1 2, when heated to a high temperature in a current of hydrogen or ammonia (Matignon and Cazes, Coupes rendus, 2906, 142, p. 183). The chloride, SmCl 2, is a brown crystalline powder which is decomposed by water with liberation of hydrogen and the formation of the oxide, Sm 2 O 3, and an oxychloride, SmOC1. The fluoride, SmF 3 .H 2 O, was prepared by H. Moissan by acting with fluorine on the carbide. The sulphate, Sm 2 (SO 4) 3.81120, is obtained by the action of sulphuric acid on the nitrate. It forms double salts with the alkaline sulphates. The carbide, SmC2, is formed when the oxide is heated with carbon in the electric furnace.
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Chisholm, Hugh, General Editor. Entry for 'Samarium'. 1911 Encyclopedia Britanica. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/bri/s/samarium.html. 1910.
