民数记 35:12

Chinese NCV (Simplified)

它們可以作你們逃避報仇者的避難城，使誤殺人的不至於死，直到他站在會眾面前受審判。

Parallel Translations

Chinese Union (Simplified)
这 些 城 可 以 作 逃 避 报 仇 人 的 城 ， 使 误 杀 人 的 不 至 於 死 ， 等 他 站 在 会 众 面 前 听 审 判 。

Contextual Overview

⁹ Then the Lord said to Moses, ¹⁰ "Tell the Israelites these things: ‘When you cross the Jordan River and go into Canaan, ¹¹ you must choose cities to be cities of safety, so that a person who accidentally kills someone may run to them for safety. ¹² There the person will be safe from the dead person's relative who has the duty of punishing the killer. He will not die before he receives a fair trial in court. ¹³ The six cities you give will be cities of safety. ¹⁴ Give three cities east of the Jordan River and three cities in Canaan as cities of safety. ¹⁵ These six cities will be places of safety for citizens of Israel, as well as for foreigners and other people living with you. Any of these people who accidentally kills someone may run to one of these cities. ¹⁶ "‘Anyone who uses an iron weapon to kill someone is a murderer. He must be put to death. ¹⁷ Anyone who takes a rock and kills a person with it is a murderer. He must be put to death. ¹⁸ Anyone who picks up a piece of wood and kills someone with it is a murderer. He must be put to death.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

from the avenger: Numbers 35:19, Numbers 35:25-27, Deuteronomy 19:6, Joshua 20:3-6, Joshua 20:9, 2 Samuel 14:7

until he stand: Numbers 35:24, Deuteronomy 19:11, Deuteronomy 19:12, Joshua 20:4-6

Reciprocal: Numbers 8:9 - shalt gather the whole Deuteronomy 4:42 - General Joshua 20:5 - General Joshua 20:6 - until 2 Kings 7:7 - and fled for their life Matthew 5:21 - and

Cross-References

Genesis 12:7
The Lord appeared to Abram and said, "I will give this land to your descendants." So Abram built an altar there to the Lord , who had appeared to him.

Genesis 15:18
So on that day the Lord made an agreement with Abram and said, "I will give to your descendants the land between the river of Egypt and the great river Euphrates.

Genesis 28:13
Then Jacob saw the Lord standing above the ladder, and he said, "I am the Lord , the God of Abraham your grandfather, and the God of Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the land on which you are now sleeping.

Genesis 35:1
God said to Jacob, "Go to the city of Bethel and live there. Make an altar to the God who appeared to you there when you were running away from your brother Esau."

Genesis 35:3
We will leave here and go to Bethel. There I will build an altar to God, who has helped me during my time of trouble. He has been with me everywhere I have gone."

Genesis 35:4
So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods they had, and the earrings they were wearing, and he hid them under the great tree near the town of Shechem.

Genesis 35:14
Jacob set up a stone on edge in that place where God had talked to him, and he poured a drink offering and olive oil on it to make it special for God.

Genesis 35:17
but she was having much trouble. When Rachel's nurse saw this, she said, "Don't be afraid, Rachel. You are giving birth to another son."

Genesis 35:21
Then Israel continued his journey and camped just south of Migdal Eder.

Genesis 48:4
He said to me, ‘I will give you many children. I will make you the father of many peoples, and I will give your descendants this land forever.'

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And they shall be unto you cities of refuge from the avenger,.... Or near kinsman; for as the right of redemption of an estate that was mortgaged belonged to such an one, so of revenging the blood of any one that was killed:

that the manslayer die not; by the hand of the avenger, who in the heat of his passion would, could he come at him, fall upon him, and slay him, to avenge the death of his relation on him:

until he stand before the congregation in judgment; before the court of judicature, to be examined, tried, and judged, whether the murder was committed knowingly and willingly, or whether through mistake and at unawares: this was done either before the court of judicature in the city of refuge, who took cognizance of such cases directly, that they might know whom to harbour and protect, and whom not; or before the court in the place where the act was committed: interpreters are divided about this; and Calmet l is of opinion that he was examined in both courts, first more strictly in the city of refuge, and then more slightly in the place where it was done, which is not improbable; however, this seems manifest from Numbers 35:25, that the court where it was committed had power to fetch him from the city of refuge, and set him before them, and examine into the case; and, if an innocent person, restored him to the city of refuge, whither he had fled.

l Dictionary, on the word "Refuge".

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The avenger - Hebrew גאל gā'al, a term of which the original import is uncertain. The very obscurity of its etymology testifies to the antiquity of the office which it denotes. That office rested on the principle of Genesis 9:6, “whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed.” The unwritten code of the East conceded to the nearest kinsman of a murdered man the right of avenging the blood that had been shed. Such rude justice necessarily involved grave evils. It gave no opportunity to the person charged with crime of establishing is innocence; it recognized no distinction between murder, manslaughter, and accidental homicide; it perpetuated family blood-feuds, the avenger of blood being liable to be treated in his turn as a murderer by the kinsman of the man whom he had slain. These grievances could not be removed as long as there was no central government, but they might be mitigated; and to do this was the object of the institution in the text (compare Exodus 21:13).

Among the Arab tribes, who are under the control of no central authority, the practice of blood-revenge subsists in full force to the present day.

The congregation - i. e. local court, consisting of the elders of the city Joshua 20:4.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Numbers 35:12. Until he stand before the congregation in judgment. — So one of these cities was not a perpetual asylum; It was only a pro tempore refuge, till the case could be fairly examined by the magistrates in the presence of the people, or the elders their representatives; and this was done in the city or place where he had done the murder, Joshua 20:4; Joshua 20:6. If he was found worthy of death, they delivered him to the avenger that he might be slain, Deuteronomy 19:12; if not, they sent him back to the city of refuge, where he remained till the death of the high priest, Numbers 35:25. Before the cities of refuge were appointed, the altar appears to have been a sanctuary for those who had killed a person unwittingly; see on Exodus 21:13; Exodus 21:14.