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JPS Old Testament
Ezekiel 27:13
Bible Study Resources
Concordances:
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- InternationalParallel Translations
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your goods.
Yavan, Tuval, and Meshekh, they were your traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you; they exchanged human beings and vessels of bronze for your merchandise.
"Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were your traders; with human lives and vessels of bronze they paid for your merchandise.
"‘People of Greece, Tubal, and Meshech became merchants for you. They traded your goods for slaves and items of bronze.
"Javan (Greece), Tubal and Meshech (Asia Minor) traded with you; with the lives of men [taken as slaves] and vessels of bronze they paid for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were your traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for your merchandise.
They of Iauan, Tubal and Meshech were thy marchants, concerning the liues of men, and they brought vessels of brasse for thy marchadise.
"Javan, Tubal and Meshech, they were your traders; with the lives of men and vessels of bronze they paid for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were your traders; with the lives of men and vessels of bronze they paid for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise.
The people of Greece, Tubal, and Meshech traded slaves and things made of bronze,
Greece, Tuval and Meshekh traded with you, exchanging slaves and articles of bronze for your wares.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers: they bartered with thee the persons of men, and vessels of bronze.
People in Greece, Turkey, and the area around the Black Sea traded with you. They traded slaves and bronze for the things you sold.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants; they traded with you in slaves and vessels of brass in your markets.
You did business in Greece, Tubal, and Meshech and traded your goods for slaves and for articles of bronze.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your traders; in exchange for people and an object of bronze they gave you your wares.
Javan, Tubal and Meshech, they were your merchants, they gave the souls of men and vessels of bronze for your goods.
Iauan, Tubal and Mesech were thy marchauntes, which brought the men, & ornamentes off metall for thy occupyenge.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers; they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your traders; they gave living men and brass vessels for your goods.
Iauan, Tubal and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men, and vessels of brasse in thy market.
Iauan, Tubal, and Mesech were thy marchauntes concerning the lyues of men, and they brought vessels of brasse for thy marchaundise.
Greece, both the whole world, and the adjacent coasts, these traded with thee in the persons of men, and they gave as thy merchandise vessels of brass.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy traffickers: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass for thy merchandise.
Greece, and Tubal, and Mosoch, thei weren thi marchauntis, and brouyten boonde men and brasun vessels to thi puple.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were your traffickers; they traded the souls of man and vessels of bronze for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they [were] thy merchants: they traded in the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your traders. They bartered human lives and vessels of bronze for your merchandise.
Merchants from Greece, Tubal, and Meshech brought slaves and articles of bronze to trade with you.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you. They paid for your good things with servants and objects of brass.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you; they exchanged human beings and vessels of bronze for your merchandise.
Javan. Tubal and Meshech, They were merchants of thine, - With the persons of men and vessels of bronze, Shared they in thy barter:
Greece, Thubal, and Mosoch, they were thy merchants, they brought to thy people slaves and vessels of brass.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you; they exchanged the persons of men and vessels of bronze for your merchandise.
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech -- they [are] thy merchants, For persons of men, and vessels of brass, They have given out thy merchandise.
"‘Greece, Tubal, and Meshech did business with you, trading slaves and bronze for your products.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
Javan: Genesis 10:2, Genesis 10:4, 1 Chronicles 1:5, 1 Chronicles 1:7, Isaiah 66:19, Daniel 8:21, Daniel 10:20, Daniel 11:2
Tubal: Ezekiel 32:26, Ezekiel 38:2, Ezekiel 38:3, Ezekiel 39:1, Genesis 10:2, 1 Chronicles 1:5
the persons: Joel 3:3, Revelation 18:13
market: or, merchandise
Reciprocal: Genesis 36:6 - persons Deuteronomy 24:7 - found 1 Chronicles 5:21 - men Psalms 120:5 - Mesech Joel 3:6 - have ye
Cross-References
And the LORD said unto her: Two nations are in thy womb, and two peoples shall be separated from thy bowels; and the one people shall be stronger than the other people; and the elder shall serve the younger.
And Jacob said: 'Swear to me first'; and he swore unto him; and he sold his birthright unto Jacob.
Now therefore, my son, hearken to my voice according to that which I command thee.
And he said: 'Art thou my very son Esau?' And he said: 'I am.'
So God give thee of the dew of heaven, and of the fat places of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine.
And he said: 'Is not he rightly named Jacob? for he hath supplanted me these two times: he took away my birthright; and, behold, now he hath taken away my blessing.' And he said: 'Hast thou not reserved a blessing for me?'
until thy brother's anger turn away from thee, and he forget that which thou hast done to him; then I will send, and fetch thee from thence; why should I be bereaved of you both in one day?'
I will be surety for him; of my hand shalt thou require him; if I bring him not unto thee, and set him before thee, then let me bear the blame for ever.
And she fell at his feet, and said: 'Upon me, my lord, upon me be the iniquity; and let thy handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine ears, and hear thou the words of thy handmaid.
And the woman of Tekoa said unto the king: 'My lord, O king, the iniquity be on me, and on my father's house; and the king and his throne be guiltless.'
Gill's Notes on the Bible
Ver. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they [were] thy merchants,.... Javan designs Greece, as the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions render it; especially that part of it called Ionia, from Javan the son of Japheth,
Genesis 10:2 and Tubal, and Meshech, were also sons of Japheth; the former are the Iberi and Albanians, as Jerom and others, among whom were a city called Thabilaca, by Ptolemy w; and the latter the Cappadocians, with whom is a city called Mazaca x.
They traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy markets; or, "the souls of men" y; they bought up men and women in the several countries to which they belonged, or where they traded, and brought them to Tyre, and sold them for slaves; and the Ionian and Grecian slaves were had in great esteem: and the best brass, of which vessels were made, was had from Corinth, Delus, and Aeginetus; according to Pliny z, Cappadocia was famous for it also: in the first of these merchandises Tyrus was remarkably a type of antichrist, who is said to deal in such wares, the souls of men, Revelation 18:13. The word here rendered "markets", Gussetius a also observes, does not design the place of commerce, but the act of negotiation or trade; and so it is rendered by many b.
w Geograph. l. 5. c. 12. x Joseph. Antiqu. l. 1. c. 6. sect. 1. y בנפש אדם "animabus hominum", Pagninus, Vatablus, Cocceius, Starckius. z Nat. Hist. l. 34. c. 2. a Ebr. Comment. p. 642. b מערבך την εμποριαν βου, Sept.; "negotiationem tuam", Tigurine version; "in commercio tuo", Junius Tremellius, Piscator, Polanus "mercaturam tuam", Cocceius.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
The thread broken at Ezekiel 27:8 is taken up, and the various nations are enumerated which traded with Tyre.
Ezekiel 27:12
Tarshish - Tartessus in Spain (marginal references). Spain was rich in the metals named.
Merchant - Especially applied to those who traveled about with caravans to carry on trade (see Genesis 23:16).
Fairs - Or, “wares” Ezekiel 27:33. The word occurs only in this chapter. The foreign merchants gave their wares in return for the products delivered to them by Tyre.
Ezekiel 27:13
Jaran - Greece (Ion), including the Grecian colonies in Sicily and Italy.
Tubal, and Meshech - The Tibareni and Moschi, whose lands were on the Caucasian highlands between the Euxine and Caspian Seas (see the marginal reference), were a fine race of men; from thence slaves have been continually sought. Greece too in ancient times was famous for furnishing slaves.
Ezekiel 27:14
Togarmah - Armenia.
Ezekiel 27:15
Dedan - There were two tribes (Shemite and Hamite), each bearing the name of “Dedan” (see Genesis 10:7). The Hamite (Ethiopian) Dedan may well have supplied for a payment (rather than “for a present”) horns, ivory, and ebony; the Shemite (Arabians), “clothes for chariots” (see Ezekiel 27:20).
Ezekiel 27:16
Syria - “Aram” here included Mesopotamia; and Babylon was famous for its precious stones. Many read “Edom.”
Emeralds - Rather, carbuncle.
Fine linen - The word (בוץ bûts) was used only in the times of the captivity. It is a Phoenician word, which in Greek assumed the form “byssus,” properly “cotton,” as distinguished from “linen;” the Phoenicians spinning their threads from cotton wool, the Egyptians from flax.
Ezekiel 27:17
Minnith - A city of the Ammonites, whose country was famous for wheat 2 Chronicles 27:5. The wheat was carried through the land of Israel to Tyre.
Pannag - This word occurs nowhere else, and has been very variously explained. Some take it to be “sweetwares.” Others see in it the name of a place, fertile like Minnith, perhaps identical with Pingi on the road from Baalbec to Damascus.
Ezekiel 27:18
Helbon - Chalybon, near Damascus, whose wine was a favorite luxury with Persian kings.
White wool - A product of flocks that grazed in the waste lands of Syria and Arabia.
Ezekiel 27:19
Dan also - Hebrew Vedan, a place in Arabia, not elsewhere mentioned.
Going to and fro - Better as in the margin, a proper name, “Meuzal,” or rather, “from Uzal” which was the ancient name of Senaa the capital of Yemen in Arabia. Greek merchants would carry on commerce between Uzal and Tyre.
Bright iron - literally, “wrought iron;” iron worked into plates smooth and polished. Yemen was famous for the manufacture of sword-blades.
Cassia - The inner bark of an aromatic plant.
Calamus - A fragrant reed-like plant (see Exodus 30:23-24). Both are special products of India and Arabia.
Ezekiel 27:20
Dedan - See Ezekiel 27:15. It is remarkable that “Dedan and Sheba” occur both among the descendants of Ham in Genesis 10:7, and among the descendants of Abraham and Keturah in Genesis 25:3. This seems to indicate that there were distinct nomad tribes bearing the same names of Hamite and of Semitic origin; or it may be that whereas some of the nomad Arabs were Hamite, others Semitic, these were of mixed origin, and so traced up their lineage alike to tiara and Shem. Here we have, at any rate, a number of Arabian nomad tribes mentioned together, and these tribes and their caravans were in those days the regular merchant travelers between east and west. By her ships, Tyre spread over Europe the goods which by these caravans she obtained from India and China.
Precious clothes - Or “clothes of covering,” cloths of tapestry.
Ezekiel 27:21
Kedar - The representative of the pastoral tribes in the northwest of Arabia.
Ezekiel 27:22
Sheba - Sabaea, the richest country of Arabia, corresponded nearly with what is now called Yemen or Arabia Felix.
Raamah - Closely connected with “Sheba,” whose seat is supposed to have been in the neighborhood of the Persian Gulf.
Ezekiel 27:23
Haran - Charrae in Mesopotamia.
Canneh - “Calneh” Genesis 10:10, probably Ctesiphon on the Tigris.
Eden - On the Euphrates Isaiah 37:12. “the merchants of Sheba” Here the towns or tribes that traded with Sheba. Sheba maintained a considerable trade with Mesopotamia.
Chilmad - Possibly Kalwada near Bagdad.
Ezekiel 27:24
All sorts of things - See the margin, “made of cedar” Rather, made fast.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Ezekiel 27:13. Javan, Tubal, and Meshech — The Ionians, the Tybarenians, and the Cappadocians, or Muscovites.
They traded the persons of men — That is, they trafficked in slaves. The bodies and souls of men were bought and sold in those days, as in our degenerate age. With these also they traded in brazen vessels.
