Leviticus 11:22

THE MESSAGE

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Names Version
Even of these you may eat: any kind of arbeh, any kind of katydid, any kind of cricket, and any kind of grasshopper.

King James Version
Even these of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the grasshopper after his kind.

Lexham English Bible
From these you may eat the locust according to its kind and the bald locust according to its kind and the cricket according to its kind and the grasshopper according to its kind.

New Century Version
These are the insects you may eat: all kinds of locusts, winged locusts, crickets, and grasshoppers.

New English Translation
These you may eat from them: the locust of any kind, the bald locust of any kind, the cricket of any kind, the grasshopper of any kind.

Amplified Bible
'Of these you may eat: the whole species of migratory locust, of bald locust, of cricket, and of grasshopper.

New American Standard Bible
'These of them you may eat: the locust in its kinds, the devastating locust in its kinds, the cricket in its kinds, and the grasshopper in its kinds.

Geneva Bible (1587)
Of them ye shal eate these, the grashopper after his kinde, & the solean after his kinde, the hargol after his kinde, & the hagab after his kind.

Legacy Standard Bible
These of them you may eat: the locust in its kinds and the devastating locust in its kinds and the cricket in its kinds and the grasshopper in its kinds.

Complete Jewish Bible
Specifically, of these you may eat the various kinds of locusts, grasshoppers, katydids and crickets.

Darby Translation
These shall ye eat of them: the arbeh after its kind, and the solam after its kind, and the hargol after its kind, and the hargab after its kind.

Easy-to-Read Version
You may also eat all kinds of locusts, all kinds of winged locusts, all kinds of crickets, and all kinds of grasshoppers.

English Standard Version
Of them you may eat: the locust of any kind, the bald locust of any kind, the cricket of any kind, and the grasshopper of any kind.

George Lamsa Translation
Of these you may eat: the locust after its kind and the large winged locust after its kind,

Good News Translation
You may eat locusts, crickets, or grasshoppers.

Christian Standard Bible®
You may eat these:

Literal Translation
these are those you may eat: the locusts according to its kind, and the bald locust according to its kind, and the long horned locust according to its kind, and the short horned grasshopper according to its kind.

Miles Coverdale Bible (1535)
Of these maye ye eate, as there is the Arbe with his kynde, and the Selaam with his kynde, & the Hargol with his kynde, & the Hagab wt his kynde.

American Standard Version
even these of them ye may eat: the locust after its kind, and the bald locust after its kind, and the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind.

Bible in Basic English
Such as all the different sorts of locust.

Bishop's Bible (1568)
Euen these of them ye may eate: the Arbe after his kinde, the Selaam after his kinde, the Hargol after his kinde, and the Hagab after his kinde.

JPS Old Testament (1917)
even these of them ye may eat: the locust after its kinds, and the bald locust after its kinds, and the cricket after its kinds, and the grasshopper after its kinds.

King James Version (1611)
Euen these of them ye may eate: the Locust, after his kinde, and the Bald-locust after his kinde, and the Beetle after his kinde, and the Grassehopper after his kinde.

Brenton's Septuagint (LXX)
And these of them ye shall eat: the caterpillar and his like, and the attacus and his like, and the cantharus and his like, and the locust and his like.

English Revised Version
even these of them ye may eat; the locust after its kind, and the bald locust after its kind, and the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind.

Berean Standard Bible
any kind of locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper.

Wycliffe Bible (1395)
as is a bruke in his kynde, and acatus, and opymacus, and a locuste, alle bi her kynde.

Young's Literal Translation
these of them ye do eat: the locust after its kind, and the bald locust after its kind, and the beetle after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind;

Update Bible Version
Even these of those you may eat: the locust after its kind, and the bald locust after its kind, and the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind.

Webster's Bible Translation
[Even] these of them ye may eat; the locust after its kind, and the bald locust after its kind, and the beetle after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind.

World English Bible
Even of these you may eat: any kind of locust, any kind of katydid, any kind of cricket, and any kind of grasshopper.

New King James Version
These you may eat: the locust after its kind, the destroying locust after its kind, the cricket after its kind, and the grasshopper after its kind.

New Living Translation
The insects you are permitted to eat include all kinds of locusts, bald locusts, crickets, and grasshoppers.

New Life Bible
You may eat every kind of locust, every kind of destroying locust, every kind of cricket, and every kind of grasshopper.

New Revised Standard
Of them you may eat: the locust according to its kind, the bald locust according to its kind, the cricket according to its kind, and the grasshopper according to its kind.

J.B. Rotherham Emphasized Bible
these of them, may ye eat: the swarming-locust after its kind, and the devouring locust after its kind, - and the chargol-locust after its kind, and the chagab-locust after its kind.

Douay-Rheims Bible
That you shall eat: as the bruchus in its kind, the attacus, and ophimachus, and the locust, every, one according to their kind.

Revised Standard Version
Of them you may eat: the locust according to its kind, the bald locust according to its kind, the cricket according to its kind, and the grasshopper according to its kind.

New American Standard Bible (1995)
'These of them you may eat: the locust in its kinds, and the devastating locust in its kinds, and the cricket in its kinds, and the grasshopper in its kinds.

Contextual Overview

²⁰"All flying insects that walk on all fours are detestable to you. But you can eat some of these, namely, those that have jointed legs for hopping on the ground: all locusts, katydids, crickets, and grasshoppers. But all the other flying insects that have four legs you are to detest. ²⁴"You will make yourselves ritually unclean until evening if you touch their carcasses. If you pick up one of their carcasses you must wash your clothes and you'll be unclean until evening. ²⁶ "Every animal that has a split hoof that's not completely divided, or that doesn't chew the cud is unclean for you; if you touch the carcass of any of them you become unclean. ²⁷"Every four-footed animal that goes on its paws is unclean for you; if you touch its carcass you are unclean until evening. If you pick up its carcass you must wash your clothes and are unclean until evening. They are unclean for you. ²⁹"Among the creatures that crawl on the ground, the following are unclean for you: weasel, rat, all lizards, gecko, monitor lizard, wall lizard, skink, chameleon. Among the crawling creatures, these are unclean for you. If you touch them when they are dead, you are ritually unclean until evening. When one of them dies and falls on something, that becomes unclean no matter what it's used for, whether it's made of wood, cloth, hide, or sackcloth. Put it in the water—it's unclean until evening, and then it's clean. If one of these dead creatures falls into a clay pot, everything in the pot is unclean and you must break the pot. Any food that could be eaten but has water on it from such a pot is unclean, and any liquid that could be drunk from it is unclean. Anything that one of these carcasses falls on is unclean—an oven or cooking pot must be broken up; they're unclean and must be treated as unclean. A spring, though, or a cistern for collecting water remains clean, but if you touch one of these carcasses you're ritually unclean. If a carcass falls on any seeds that are to be planted, they remain clean. But if water has been put on the seed and a carcass falls on it, you must treat it as unclean. ³⁹"If an animal that you are permitted to eat dies, anyone who touches the carcass is ritually unclean until evening. If you eat some of the carcass you must wash your clothes and you are unclean until evening. If you pick up the carcass you must wash your clothes and are unclean until evening. ⁴¹"Creatures that crawl on the ground are detestable and not to be eaten. Don't eat creatures that crawl on the ground, whether on their belly or on all fours or on many feet—they are detestable. Don't make yourselves unclean or be defiled by them, because I am your God .

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

Exodus 10:4, Exodus 10:5, Isaiah 35:3, Matthew 3:4, Mark 1:6, Romans 14:1, Romans 15:1, Hebrews 5:11, Hebrews 12:12, Hebrews 12:13

Gill's Notes on the Bible

[Even] these of them ye may eat, c] The four following ones, which seem to be no other than four sorts of locusts:

the locust after his kind this is the common locust, called by the name of Arbeh, from the great multiplication and vast multitudes of them; the phrase, "after his kind", and which also is used in all the following instances, signifies the whole entire species of them, which might be eaten:

and the bald locust after his kind; which in the Hebrew text is Soleam, and has its name, as Aben Ezra suggests, from its ascending rocks: but since locusts do not climb rocks, or have any peculiar regard for them, rather this kind of locust may be so called, from their devouring and consuming all that come in their way g, from the Chaldee word סלעם, which signifies to swallow, devour, and consume; but why we should call it the bald locust is not so clear, though it seems there were such, since the Jews describe some that have no baldness, which the gloss explains, whose head is not bald h, which shows that some are bald; and so, this is described by Kimchi i, it has an eminence, a rising, or bunch upon it; some render it baldness, and it hath no tail, and its head is long; and so Ben Melech:

and the beetle after his kind; which is another sort of locust called Chargol, and should not be rendered a beetle, for no sort of beetles are eatable, nor have legs to leap withal, and so come not under the general description given of such flying, creeping things, fit to eat: Kimchi says it is one kind of a locust k, and Hiscuni derives its name from תחד and רגל, because it strives to leap with its feet, which answers to the above descriptive character: the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions, and some others, render it by Ophiomachus, a fighter with serpents, to which the locust is an enemy, and kills them, taking fast hold of their jaws, as Pliny says l, and so Aristotle m:

and the grasshopper after his kind; this is another, and the fourth kind of the locust that might be eaten; its name is Chagab, from the Arabic word Chaguba, "to vail", locusts vailing the light of the sun: and according to the Jewish doctors, it is a name which every locust fit to eat should have;

"among the locusts (fit for food) are these, who have four feet, and four wings and thighs, and wings covering the greatest part of them, and whose name is Chagab n;''

and commentators say o, it must be called by this name, as well as have those signs: the difference between these several sorts is with them this; the Chagab has a tail, but no bunch; Arbeh neither bunch nor tail; and Soleam has a bunch, but not a tail; and Chargol has both bunch and tail p: Maimonides q reckons up eight sorts of them fit to eat; and these creatures were not only eaten by the Jews, but by several other nations: with the Parthians they were very agreeable and grateful food, as Pliny r relates; who also says s, that some part of the Ethiopians live only upon them all the year, hardened in smoke, and with salt: Diodorus Siculus t makes mention of the same, and calls them Acridophagi, locust eaters, and gives a particular account of their hunting and taking them, and preserving them for food; and so does Strabo u; and the same Solinus w relates of those that border on Mauritania; and they are still eaten in Barbary, where they dry them in ovens to preserve them, and then either eat them alone, or pounded and mixed with milk: their taste is said to be like shrimps x; and Bochart y has shown, from various writers, that they were a delicious food with the Greeks, especially among the common people; and so they are with the Indians z.

g So R. Sol. Urbin. Ohel Moed, fol. 88. 1. h T. Bab. Cholin, fol. 65. 2. i Sepher Shorash. in voc. סלעם. k Ib. in voc. חרגול. l Ut supra. (Nat. Hist. l. 11. c. 29.) m Hist. Animal. l. 9. c. 6. n Misn. Cholin, c. 3. sect. 7. o Maimon. & Bartenora in ib. p Vid. T. Bab. Cholin, fol. 65. 2. q Maacolot Asurot, c. 1. sect. 21. r Nat. Hist. l. 11. c. 29. s Ib. l. 6. c. 30. t Bibliothec. l. 3. p. 162, 163. u Geograph. l. 16. p. 531. w Polyhistor. c. 43. x Sir Hans Sloane's Natural History of Jamaica, vol. 1. p. 29. y Hierozoic. par. 2. l. 4. c. 7. col. 490, 491. z Agreement of Customs of the East Indians and Jews, art. 12. p. 60.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

In the uncertainty of identifying these four creatures, it has been suggested that some of the names may belong to locusts in an imperfect state of development. Most modern versions have taken a safer course than our translators, by retaining the Hebrew names.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Leviticus 11:22. The locust — ארבה arbeh, either from ארב arab, to lie in wait or in ambush, because often immense flights of them suddenly alight upon the fields, vineyards, c., and destroy all the produce of the earth or from רבה rabah, he multiplied, because of their prodigious swarms. See a particular account of these insects in the notes, See "Exodus 10:4".

The bald locust — סלעם solam, compounded, says Mr. Parkhurst, from סלע sala, to cut, break, and עם am, contiguity; a kind of locust, probably so called from its rugged, craggy form. See the first of Scheuchzer's plates, vol. iii., p. 100.

The beetle — חרגל chargol. "The Hebrew name seems a derivative from חרג charag, to shake, and רגל regel, the foot; and so to denote the nimbleness of its motions. Thus in English we call an animal of the locust kind a grasshopper; the French name of which is souterelle, from the verb sauter, to leap" - Parkhurst. This word occurs only in this place. The beetle never can be intended here, as that insect never was eaten by man, perhaps, in any country of the universe.

The grasshopper — חגב chagab. Bochart supposes that this species of locust has its name from the Arabic verb [Arabic] hajaba to veil; because when they fly, as they often do, in great swarms, they eclipse even the light of the sun. See the notes on "Exodus 10:4", and the description of ten kinds of locusts in Bochart, vol. iii., col. 441. And see the figures in Scheuchzer, in whose plates 20 different species are represented, vol. iii., p. 100. And see Dr. Shaw on the animals mentioned in this chapter. Travels, p. 419, c., 4to. edition and when all these are consulted, the reader will see how little dependence can be placed on the most learned conjectures relative to these and the other animals mentioned in Scripture. One thing however is fully evident, viz., that the locust was eaten, not only in those ancient times, in the time of John Baptist, Matthew 3:4, but also in the present day. Dr. Shaw ate of them in Barbary "fried and salted," and tells us that "they tasted very like crayfish." They have been eaten in Africa, Greece, Syria, Persia, and throughout Asia; and whole tribes seem to have lived on them, and were hence called acridophagoi, or locust-eaters by the Greeks. See Strabo lib. xvi., and Pliny, Hist. Nat., lib. xvii., c. 30.