the Week of Proper 10 / Ordinary 15
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Bahasa Indonesia Sehari-hari
Bilangan 35:12
Bible Study Resources
Concordances:
- Nave'sDictionaries:
- AmericanEncyclopedias:
- CondensedParallel Translations
Kota-kota itu akan menjadi tempat perlindungan bagimu terhadap penuntut balas, supaya pembunuh jangan mati, sebelum ia dihadapkan kepada rapat umat untuk diadili.
Maka negeri-negeri itu bagi kamu akan tempat perlindungan dari pada penuntut bela, supaya orang pembunuh itu jangan mati dahulu dari pada ia menghadap majelis hukum.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
from the avenger: Numbers 35:19, Numbers 35:25-27, Deuteronomy 19:6, Joshua 20:3-6, Joshua 20:9, 2 Samuel 14:7
until he stand: Numbers 35:24, Deuteronomy 19:11, Deuteronomy 19:12, Joshua 20:4-6
Reciprocal: Numbers 8:9 - shalt gather the whole Deuteronomy 4:42 - General Joshua 20:5 - General Joshua 20:6 - until 2 Kings 7:7 - and fled for their life Matthew 5:21 - and
Cross-References
And the Lorde appearyng vnto Abram, sayd, Unto thy seede wyl I geue this lande: And there buylded he an aulter vnto the Lorde whiche appeared vnto hym.
In that same day the Lorde made a couenaunt with Abram, saying: vnto thy seede haue I geuen this lande, fro the ryuer of Egypt, euen vnto the great ryuer, the ryuer of Euphrates.
Yea, and God from aboue leaned vpon it, and sayde: I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isahac, the land which thou sleepest vpon, wyll I geue thee and thy seede.
And God sayd vnto Iacob: aryse, and get thee vp to Bethel, and dwell there, and make there an aulter vnto God that appeared vnto thee when thou fleddest from the face of Esau thy brother.
For we wyll aryse and go vp to Bethel, and I wyll make an aulter there vnto God, whiche hearde me in the day of my affliction, and was with me in the way whiche I went.
And they gaue vnto Iacob all the straunge gods whiche they had in their hand, and al their earinges which were in theyr eares, and Iacob hyd them vnder an oke whiche was by Sichem.
And Iacob set vp on ende in the place where he talked with him [euen] a stone set he vp on ende, & powred drinke offering theron, & powred also oyle theron.
And as she was in paynes of her labour, the midwife saide vnto her: feare not, for this sonne is thyne also.
And Israel went thence, and pitched his tent beyonde the towre of Eder.
Beholde, I wyll make thee fruiteful, and cause thee to multiplie, and wyll make a great number of people of thee, and wyll geue this lande vnto thy seede after thee vnto an euerlastyng possession.
Gill's Notes on the Bible
And they shall be unto you cities of refuge from the avenger,.... Or near kinsman; for as the right of redemption of an estate that was mortgaged belonged to such an one, so of revenging the blood of any one that was killed:
that the manslayer die not; by the hand of the avenger, who in the heat of his passion would, could he come at him, fall upon him, and slay him, to avenge the death of his relation on him:
until he stand before the congregation in judgment; before the court of judicature, to be examined, tried, and judged, whether the murder was committed knowingly and willingly, or whether through mistake and at unawares: this was done either before the court of judicature in the city of refuge, who took cognizance of such cases directly, that they might know whom to harbour and protect, and whom not; or before the court in the place where the act was committed: interpreters are divided about this; and Calmet l is of opinion that he was examined in both courts, first more strictly in the city of refuge, and then more slightly in the place where it was done, which is not improbable; however, this seems manifest from Numbers 35:25, that the court where it was committed had power to fetch him from the city of refuge, and set him before them, and examine into the case; and, if an innocent person, restored him to the city of refuge, whither he had fled.
l Dictionary, on the word "Refuge".
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
The avenger - Hebrew ××× gaÌ'al, a term of which the original import is uncertain. The very obscurity of its etymology testifies to the antiquity of the office which it denotes. That office rested on the principle of Genesis 9:6, âwhoso sheddeth manâs blood, by man shall his blood be shed.â The unwritten code of the East conceded to the nearest kinsman of a murdered man the right of avenging the blood that had been shed. Such rude justice necessarily involved grave evils. It gave no opportunity to the person charged with crime of establishing is innocence; it recognized no distinction between murder, manslaughter, and accidental homicide; it perpetuated family blood-feuds, the avenger of blood being liable to be treated in his turn as a murderer by the kinsman of the man whom he had slain. These grievances could not be removed as long as there was no central government, but they might be mitigated; and to do this was the object of the institution in the text (compare Exodus 21:13).
Among the Arab tribes, who are under the control of no central authority, the practice of blood-revenge subsists in full force to the present day.
The congregation - i. e. local court, consisting of the elders of the city Joshua 20:4.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Numbers 35:12. Until he stand before the congregation in judgment. — So one of these cities was not a perpetual asylum; It was only a pro tempore refuge, till the case could be fairly examined by the magistrates in the presence of the people, or the elders their representatives; and this was done in the city or place where he had done the murder, Joshua 20:4; Joshua 20:6. If he was found worthy of death, they delivered him to the avenger that he might be slain, Deuteronomy 19:12; if not, they sent him back to the city of refuge, where he remained till the death of the high priest, Numbers 35:25. Before the cities of refuge were appointed, the altar appears to have been a sanctuary for those who had killed a person unwittingly; see on Exodus 21:13; Exodus 21:14.