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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #2198 - ζάω
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ζάω, v. cross ζῶ.
ζῶ (contr. fr. ζώω: ζάω only in Gramm., EM 410.38), ζῇς (Choerob. in Theod. 2.28), ζῇ, ζῆτε (but ζῆς, ζῆ acc. to Anon. ap. EM 410.48, Sophronius ap. Choerob. in Theod. 2.416); imper. ζῆ S. Fr. 167, E. IT 699, ζῆθι (as if from ζῆμι, cf. EM l.c.) Pherecr. 11 D., Men. Mon. 191, AP 10.43, σύ-ζηθι Philem. ap. Et.Gen. s.v. cross ζῆ; opt. ζῴην; inf. ζῆν: impf. ἔζων S. El. 323, Ar. Ra. 1072; ἔζην in most codd. of D. 24.7 is a form suggested by ἔζης, ἔζη; 3 pl. ἔζων Ar. V. 709, Pl. Lg. 679c: fut. ζήσω Ar. Pl. 263, Pl. R. 465d, Men. Mon. 186, [ Epich. ] 267, ζήσομαι Hp. Nat.Puer. 30, D. 25.82, Arist. Pol. 1327b5: aor. 1 ἔζησα Hp. Prog. 1, AP 7.470 (Mel.), Plu. 2.786a, etc.: pf. ἔζηκα Arist. Metaph. 1048b25, D.H. 5.68, etc.: but in Att. aor. and pf. are mostly supplied from βιόω.- Exc. part. ζῶντος, Il. 1.88, Hom. always uses the Ion. Lyr. pres. ζώω (also in Pi. O. 2.25, Hdt. 7.46, al., Diog.Apoll. 4, Herod. 2.29, IG 12(8).600.9 (Thasos), and Trag. (in lyr.), S. El. 157, OC 1213, cf. BCH 47.95 (Cavalla), Bull.Soc.Arch.Bulg. 7.13 (Macedonia); subj. ζώῃ IG 12(8).262.12 (Thasos, v B.C.), cf. Schwyzer 339, al. (Delph.), contr. ζῷ Berl.Sitzb. 1927.161 (Cyrene); Cret. δώω Leg.Gort. 4.21, al.); inf. ζωέμεναι, -έμεν, Od. 7.140, 24.436: impf. ἔζωον 22.245, Hes. Op. 112, Hdt. 4.112; Ion. ζώεσκον Hes. Op. 90, Bion 1.30: aor. 1 ἔζωσα (ἐπ-) Hdt. 1.120; inf. ζῶσαι IG 11(4).1299 (Delos): pf. part. ἐζωκότα BMus.Inscr. 1009 (Cyzicus); inf. ζόειν Semon. 1.17: impf. ζόεν AP 13.21 (Theodorid.). (Root g[uglide]iç-, g[uglide]iô- also in βίος and ὑγιής (q.v.).) I prop. of animal life, live, Hom. (v. infr.), etc.; also of plants, τὸ ζῆν κοινὸν εἶναι φαίνεται καὶ τοῖς φυτοῖς Arist. EN 1097b33; ἐλέγχιστε ζωόντων vilest of living men, Od. 10.72; ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο Il. 24.558; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο 1.88, cf. Od. 16.439; ζῶν καὶ βλέπων A. Ag. 677; ζώει τε καὶ ἔστιν Od. 24.263; ζώντων καὶ ὄντων D. 18.72; τοῦ εἶναί τε καὶ ζῆν ἕνεκα Pl. R. 369d; ζῶσα πόλις καὶ ἐγρηγορυῖα Id. Lg. 809d; ζῶν καὶ ἔμψυχος Id. Phdr. 276a; ῥεῖα ζώοντες living at ease, of the gods, Il. 6.138, al.; ζῶν κατακαυθῆναι to be burnt alive, Hdt. 1.86: c. acc. temp., ζ. ἤματα πάντα h.Ven. 221, etc.; ὀλίγα ἔτεα Hdt. 3.22: c. dat. modi, δμῶες.. ἄλλα τε πολλὰ οἷσίν τ' εὖ ζώουσι
I
1. whereby men live in comfort, Od. 17.423, cf. D. 60.5; κοράκων πονηρίᾳ Ar. Th. 868; ἐπὶ τοῖς αἰσχίστοις ἔργοις, ἐπὶ τοῖς παροῦσιν ἀγαθοῖς, And. 1.100, Isoc. 10.18; also ζῆν ἀπό τινος to live on a thing, Thgn. 1156, Hdt. 1.216, 2.36, 4.22, Ar. Pax 850, etc.; ἔκ τινος Id. Ec. 591, D. 57.36, 1 Corinthians 9:14 : c. part., ζῆν συκοφαντῶν And. 1.99; ἐργαζόμενοι Arist. Pol. 1292b27: c. dat. commodi, ζῆν ἑαυτῷ for oneself, dub. l. in E. Ion 646, cf. Ar. Pl. 470, Men. 507; τὸ ζῆν,= ζωή, A. Pr. 681, Pl. Phd. 77d (without Art. εἰς ἕτερον ζ. Id. Ax. 365d); διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν Hebrews 2:15; also, a living, τὸ ζ. οὐκ ἔχομεν OGI 515.57 (Mylasa, iii A.D.); ζήτω ὁ βασιλεύς long live the king, LXX 1 Kings 10:24; βασιλεῦ, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ζῆθι ib. Daniel 3:9; asseverations, ζῶ ἐγώ, καὶ ζῶν τὸ ὄνομά μου, καί.. ib. Numbers 14:21; ζῇ κύριος, εἰ.., ὅτι.., ib. 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 29:6; ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου, εἰ οἶδα ib. 17.55.
2. = cross βιόω, live, pass one's life, c. acc. cogn., ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον Od. 15.491; ζ. βίον μοχθηρόν S. El. 599, cf. E. Med. 249, Ar. V. 506, etc.; ζόην τὴν αὐτήν Hdt. 4.112, cf. Pl. R. 344e; τὸν βίον ἀσφαλῶς Philem. 213.5; ἥδιστον ἀνθρώπων βίον S. Fr. 583.4; νυμφίων βίον Ar. Av. 161; also ζ. ἀβλαβεῖ βίῳ S. El. 650, cf. Tr. 168; εὖ ζῆν Id. Ph. 505; κακῶς Id. OC 799; ζ. δοῦλος Id. OT 410; ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ὧν ἔζης from the other acts of your life, D. 21.134; ποιεῖσθαι φθόνον ἐξ ὧν ζῇς ib.196.
3. aor. 1 ἔζησα, causal, quicken, ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ σου ζῆσόν με LXX Psalms 119:37(118).37, al.
II live in the fullest sense, δι' ὧν ζῆν ἐπιστάμεθα X. Mem. 3.3.11, etc.; βιοὺς μὲν ἔτη τόσα, ζήσας δὲ ἔτη ἑπτά D.C. 69.19; in religious or mystical sense, Romans 7:9, al., cf. Ramsay Cilies and Bishoprics 2p.565 (Phryg.); θεὸς ζῶν LXX De. 5.26(23), etc.: freq. metaph. of things, to be in full vigour, ὄλβος ζώει μάσσων Pi. I. 3.5; ἄτης θύελλαι ζῶσι A. Ag. 819; ζῶντι χρώμενος ποδί S. Fr. 790; [ μαντεῖα] αἰεὶ ζῶντα περιποτᾶται Id. OT 482; ἀεὶ ζῇ ταῦτα [νόμιμα ] Id. Ant. 457; τὰς ξυμφορὰς τῶν βουλευμάτων ζώσας μάλιστα have most living power, Id. OT 45; λόγια ζῶντα Acts 7:38; χρόνῳ τῷ ζῶντι καὶ παρόντι S. Tr. 1169; ζῶσα φλόξ living fire, E. Ba. 8; ὕδωρ ζῶν spring water, LXX Numbers 5:17 (and metaph., John 4:10); ζώσης φωνῆς Cic. Att. 2.12.2.
ζάω , -ῶ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H2421 (most freq. ptcp., ζῶν , inf., ζῆν , for H2416);]
1. prop., to live, be alive (v. SYN., s.v. βίος ; in cl. usually of animal life, but sometimes of plants, as Arist., Eth. N, i, 7, 12): Acts 20:12, Romans 7:1-3, 1 Corinthians 7:39, Revelation 19:20, al.; ἐν αὐτῷ ζῶμεν , Acts 17:28; ἐμοὶ τὸ ζῆν Χριστός , Philippians 1:21; διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν (M, Pr., 215, 249), Hebrews 2:15; ὃ δὲ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί , Galatians 2:20; ζῇ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός , Galatians 2:20; (ὁ ) ζῶν , of God (H2416 H413 and cognate phrases, Joshua 3:10, Hosea 1:10, Isaiah 37:4, al.; v. DCG, ii, 399), Matthew 16:16, John 6:57, Romans 9:26, 1 Thessalonians 1:9, Hebrews 3:12, Revelation 7:2, al.; in juristic phrase, ζῶ ἐγώ (H589־ H2416, Numbers 14:21, al.), as I live, Romans 14:11; ζῆν ἐπ᾿ ἄρτῳ , Matthew 4:4, al.; ἐκ , 1 Corinthians 9:14; of coming to life, Mark 16:11, Romans 6:10; Romans 14:9, 2 Corinthians 13:4; opp. to νεκρός , Revelation 1:18; Revelation 2:8; metaph., Luke 15:32; ζῆν ἐκ νεκρῶν , Romans 6:13; of the spiritual life of Christians, Luke 10:28, John 5:25, Romans 1:17; Romans 8:13; εἰς τ . αἰῶνα , John 6:51; John 6:58; σὺν Χριστῷ , 1 Thessalonians 5:10; ὄνομα ἔχεις ὅτι ζῇς , Revelation 3:1.
2. As sometimes in cl., = βιόω , to live, pass one's life: Luke 2:36, Acts 26:5, Romans 7:9, Colossians 2:20; ἐν πίστει , Galatians 2:20; ἐν τ . ἁμαρτίᾳ , Romans 6:2; εὐσεβῶς , 2 Timothy 3:12; ἀσώτως , Luke 15:13; c. dat. (cl.), ἑαυτῷ (Field, Notes, 164), Romans 14:7, 2 Corinthians 5:15; τ . θεῷ , Luke 20:38, Romans 6:1-11 Galatians 2:19; τ . Χριστῷ 2 Corinthians 5:15. τ . δικαιοσύνῃ , 1 Peter 2:24; πνεύματι , Galatians 5:25; κατὰ σάρκα , Romans 8:12-13.
3. Of inanimate things, metaph.: ὕδωρ ζῶν (i.e. springing water, as opp. to still water), in a spiritual sense, John 4:10-11; John 7:38 (DCG, ii, 39 f.): ἐλπὶς ζῶσα , 1 Peter 1:3; ὁδὸς ζῶσα , Hebrews 10:20 (cf. ἀνα -, συν -ζάω ; Cremer, 270, 721).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For this common verb = ";live"; it is enough to cite such passages as P Petr II. 13 (19).7 (B.C. 258–253) καὶ ζῶντός σου καὶ εἰς θεοὺς ἀπελθόντος, ib. III. 2.21 (B.C. 236) ἕ ]ως ἂν ἐγὼ ζῶι, P Oxy III. 472.7 (c. A.D. 130) ἄλλοι πολλοὶ τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ζῆν προκρείναντες, ib. VI. 937.5 (iii/A.D.) ἐὰν οὖν ζήσω χρόνο ̣ν καὶ ἔλθω εἰς τὴν πατρίδα μου ἐκδικήσω ἐμαυτόν, ib. XII. 1477.9 (question to an oracle—iii/iv A.D.) εἶ ζῇ ὁ ἀπόδ ̣ημος; As might be expected, the word is constantly found in sepulchral epitaphs, e.g. Preisigke 173.6 (c. A.D. 200) Τ. Αὐρήλιος. . . ζήσας ἔτη ν ̄ε ̄. For the phrase ἔτι ζῶν, as in Matthew 27:63, cf. C. and B. ii. p. 660 No. 618 (A.D. 193–4) Ζώσιμος [— τοῖς τ ]έκνοις. . . καὶ ἑαυτῷ ἔτι ζῶν κατεσκεύασεν. The articular inf. is very common in the vernacular—P Par 63.103 (B.C. 165) τὰ πρὸς τὸ ζῆν, ";the means of living,"; P Tebt II. 283.15 (B.C. 93 or 60) κινδυνωι (l. κινδυνεύει) τῶι ζῆν, ";her life is in danger,"; ib. 304.13 (A.D. 167–8) ὡς ἐκ τούτου τῷ ζῆν κινδυνεύειν, ";so that his life is endangered in consequence,"; P Lond 846.11 (a poor weaver’s petition—A.D. 140) (= III. p. 131) μισθοῦ πορίζοντος τὸ ζῆν, OGIS 515.27 (iii/A.D.) τὸ ζῆν οὐκ ἔχομεν : cf. Hebrews 2:15, and see Proleg. p. 215. With ζῆν ἐκ, ";get a living from,"; as in 1 Corinthians 9:14, cf. P Oxy VIII. 1117.19 (c. A.D. 178) μέτρια κεκτήμεθα ἐξ ὧν καὶ μόλις ζῶμεν, ib. XII. 1557.12 (A.D. 255) ἐξ αὐτῶν τὸ ζῆν ποριζομένῳ, P Meyer 20.21 (1st half iii/A.D.) ἐργαζέσθω Λουκιᾶς καὶ ζώτω ἐκ τοῦ μισ ̣θαρου (l. μισθαρίου) αὐτῆς (cf. 2 Thessalonians 3:12). In BGU I. 246.9 (ii/iii A.D.) the verb is construed with the dat.—ἄρτῳ καὶ ὕδατι ζῶν. For the deeper meaning of the verb we may refer to an inscr. which Sir W. M. Ramsay formerly placed among Christian inscrr., but now assigns to mystic paganism (see his Recent Discovery, p. 176), C. and B. ii. p. 565 No. 463 ζῶσι [ν μ ]έγαν κίνδυ [ν ]ον ἐκπεφευ [γ ]ότες, ";they live, having escaped great danger."; In P Oxy VI. 924.11, a Gnostic charm of iv/A.D., a certain Ἀρεία is described as δούλη. . τοῦ θ (εο)ῦ τοῦ ζῶντος, and in ib. 943.7, a Christian letter of vi/A.D., we have the common LXX phrase ζῇ Κύριος, ";as the Lord lives."; See also the magical P Par 574.1038 (iii/A.D.) ἐπιτάσσει σοι ὁ μέγας ζῶν θεός. In Syll 852.3 (ii/B.C.) μέχρι κα Ἀρχέλαος ζώιη, the verb would seem to be opt., for ib. 856.12 (ii/B.C.) shows subj. ζῇ —ἕως κα ζῇ Θευδώρα. A familiar fairy-tale phrase occurs in Musonius, p. 30.9, τὸ εὐδαιμονεῖν καὶ ζῆν μακαρίως εἰς τὸ λοιπόν.
According to Boisacq (p. 309) this verb is ";une invention des grammairiens"; : the Attic ζῶ represents *ζηι ̰̑ω. The connexion between this form and the aor. ἐβίων, and their relation to δίαιτα and ὑγιής are revealed in the base guei = ";live."; MGr ζῶ and ζι ̰ῶ.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
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