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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3319 - μέσος
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- middle
- the midst
- in the midst of, amongst
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
μέσος, η, ον,
also Arc. (v. ἰμέσος, μεσακόθεν); μέσσος (also Aeol., Sapph. 1.12, IG 11(4).1064b32, and Lyr., Pi. P. 4.224, and sts. in Trag., E. HF 403 (lyr.), S. OC 1247 (lyr.), Tr. 635 (lyr.), Ant. 1223, 1236, Fr. 255.5), Boeot., Cret. μέττος, IG 7.2420.20 (iii B. C.), GDI 5000 ii b 2 (v B. C.): —
middle, in the middle,
I
1. of Space, esp. with Nouns, of the middle point or part, μ. σάκος Il. 7.258; ἱστίον 1.481; οὐρανός zenith, Od. 4.400; μ. ἀπήνης from mid chariot, S. OT 812; ἐν αἰθέρι μ. in mid -air, Id. Ant. 416; μ. μετώπῳ in the middle of the forehead, PRyl. 128.30 (i A. D.): in Prose freq. preceding the Art., κατὰ μέσον τὸν σταθμόν X. An. 1.7.14; ἐν μ. τῇ χώρᾳ ib. 2.1.11; ἐκ μ. τῆς νήσου, κατὰ μ. τὴν νῆσον, Pl. Criti. 113d, 119d; ἐπὶ μέσου τοῦ τμάματος at the middle point of the segment, Archim. Aequil. 1.6; ἁ ἐπὶ μέσαν τὰν βάσιν ἀγομένα (sc. εὐθεῖα) ib. 12: sts. following the Noun, ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ μέσῃ D. 29.12: less freq. midmost, central, of three or more objects, μ. ὁδός Thgn. 220, 331; ὁ μ. [δάκτυλος ] Pl. R. 523c; τὸ μ. στῖφος the central division of the army, X. An. 1.8.13; μέσον, τό, centre, ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ μ. φορά Iamb. Protr. 21. with a Verb, ἔχεται μ. by the middle, by the waist, prov. from the wrestling-ring, Ar. Eq. 387 (lyr.), cf. Ach. 571 (lyr.), Nu. 1047, Ra. 469; μέσην λαβόντα Id. Ach. 274, cf. Hdt. 9.107, D. 53.17; ὁ πέπλος ἐρράγη μ. Philippid. 25.5. c. gen., midway between, ἑνὸς καὶ πλήθους τὸ ὀλίγον μ. Pl. Plt. 303a (also μ. ἐπ' ἀμφότερα, ibid.): — S. has μέσος ἀπὸ [τοῦ κρατῆρος] τοῦ τε πέτρου OC 1595.
2. of Time, Hom. only in phrase μέσον ἦμαρ mid day, Il. 21.111, Od. 7.288, Pi. P. 9.113; μέσαι νύκτες Sapph. 52, Hdt. 4.181, X. An. 7.8.12, etc.; θέρευς ἔτι μέσσου ἐόντος Hes. Op. 502; χειμῶνος μέσου Ar. Fr. 569.1; μ. ἡμέρα Hdn. 8.5.9; μ. ἡλικία middle age, Pl. 316c: so μέσοι τὴν ἡλικίαν E. Ephesians 5:1-33; μέσος ἀκμῆς v.l. in Theoc. 25.164.
3. metaph., impartial, Th. 4.83, PLond. 1.113(1).27 (vi A.D.). inter-mediate, freq. c. gen., μ. τις γέγονα χρηματιστὴς τοῦ τε πάππου καὶ τοῦ πατρός Pl. R. 330b; ψιλὸν μὲν τὸ π , δασὺ δὲ τὸ φ , μέσον δὲ ἀμφοῖν τὸ β D.H. Comp. 14 (v. infr. d); ἡ τρίτη καὶ μ. τῶν εἰρημένων δυεῖν ἁρμονιῶν ib. 24; ὁ μ. χαρακτήρ ib. 21; indeterminate, Luc. Par. 28; τὰ μ. things indifferent (neither good nor bad), Stoic. 3.135, al.; of words such as τύχη, EM 626.38; ζῴδια (neither lucky nor unlucky) Vett.Val. 93.9; μ. δίαιτα Diocl.Fr. 141, cf. Sor. 1.46. Gramm., of Verbs, middle, Eust. 1846.30, etc.; μ. διάθεσις, σχήματα, A.D. Synt. 226.10, 210.18; μ. ἐνεστώς present middle, ib. 278.25. Gramm., of consonants, Lat. mediae, i. e. β γ δ , D.T. 631.23: but also of semi-vowels, Pl. Phlb. 18c: of accent, ὀξύτητι καὶ βαρύτητι καὶ τῷ μέσῳ, i. e. the circumflex, Arist. Po. 1456b33.
II middling, moderate,
1 of size, μέσοι ὀφθαλμοί, ὦτα, γλῶττα, Id. HA 492a8, 33, b31; μ. μεγέθει ib. 496a21, PPetr. 1p.37 (iii B. C.); μ. alone, of middle height, PGrenf. 2.23(a) ii 3 (ii B. C.), POxy. 73.13 (i A. D.), etc.
2. of class or quality, πάντων μέσ' ἄριστα Thgn. 335; παντὶ μέσῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπασεν A. Eu. 529 (lyr.); μ. ἐν πόλει Phoc. 12; μ. ἀνήρ a man of middle rank, Hdt. 1.107; μ. πολίτης Th. 6.54; τὰ μ. τῶν πολιτῶν Id. 3.82 (so τῶν ἀνὰ πόλιν τὰ μ. Pi. P. 11.52); οἱ μ., between οἱ εὔποροι and οἱ ἄποροι, Arist. Pol. 1289b31, 1295b3; οἱ μ. πολῖται ib. 1296a19; τὸ μ. ib. 1295b37; μ. [πολιτεία ] ib. 1296a7; ὁ μ. βίος Luc. Luct. 9; mediocre, Pl. Prt. 346d; τῶν ἑταιρῶν αἱ μ. Theopomp. Com. 21. Adv. μέσως, ἱκανόν fairly adequate, Phld. Rh. 2.4S.
III μέσον, τό,
1. midst, intervening space, mostly with Preps., ἐν μέσσῳ, = ἐν μεταιχμίῳ, Il. 3.69, 90; ἐν τῷ μ. in the midst, Matthew 14:6; ἡ 'ν μέσῳ [μοῖρα] σῴζει πόλεις the middle class, E. Supp. 244: without ἐν, ἔμβαλε μέσσῳ Il. 4.444; ἔνθορε μέσσῳ 21.233; μέσσῳ ἀμφοτέρων 3.416, 7.277; τῶνδέ τ' ἐν μ. πεσεῖν E. Ph. 583; ἐν μ. λόγους ἔχειν Id. Hel. 630; μῆκος ἐν μ. χρόνου A. Supp. 735; χρόνος οὑν μ. E. Ph. 589 (troch.); τὰ ἐν μ. what went between, S. OC 583; οἱ ἐν μ. λόγοι the intervening words, Id. El. 1364, E. Med. 819; κλίνης ἐν μ. Id. Hec. 1150; ἐν μ. ἡμῶν καὶ βασιλέως between us and him, X. An. 2.2.3; σοφίας καὶ ἀμαθίας ἐν μ. Pl. Smp. 203e; ἐν μ. νυκτῶν at mid night, X. Cyr. 5.3.52; ἆθλα κείμεν' ἐν μέσῳ offered for competition (cf. infr. b), D. 4.5, cf. Thgn. 994, X. An. 3.1.21; ἡ τιμὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔστω deposited with the court, Herod. 2.90: without ἐν, καὶ μέσῳ πάντες καὶ χωρὶς ἕκαστος both collectively and severally, IG 12(5).872.27,31,38, al. (Tenos): in pl., κεῖτο δ' ἄρ' ἐν μέσσοισι Il. 18.507; ἐν μέσοισ' Xenoph. 1.7; ἐν μέσῳ εἶναι τοῦ συμμεῖξαι to stand in the way of.., X. Cyr. 5.2.26; ἡ γὰρ θάλαττα ἐν τῷ μ. is an obstacle, Id. Ath. 2.2; οὐδεὶς ἐν μέσσῳ γείτων πέλεν Theoc. 21.17; οὐδὲν ἂν ἦν ἐν μ. πολεμεῖν ἡμᾶς D. 23.183; cf. ἰμέσος. ἐς μέσον, ἐς μ. ἀμφοτέρων, freq. in Hom. for ἐς μεταίχμιον, Il. 4.79, 6.120; ἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκ' ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε deposited her as a prize (cf. supr. a), 23.704; ἐς μ. δεικνύναι τινί τι Pi. Fr. 42.3; ἐς μ. ἵεσθαι, ἐλθεῖν, παρελθεῖν, S. Tr. 514 (lyr.), Theoc. 22.183, Plu. Agis 9; ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι.. δικάσσατε Il. 23.574; ἐς τὸ μ. φέρειν bring forward publicly, Hdt. 4.97, D. 18.139; ἐς τὸ μ. λέγεσθαι Hdt. 6.129; ἐς μ. Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ πρήγματα to give up the power in common to all, Id. 3.80; ἐς μ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τιθεὶς ἰσονομίην ὑμῖν προαγορεύω ib. 142. ἐκ τοῦ μέσου away, ἐκ μ. ἀνελεῖν D. 10.36, 18.294; [ χειρόγραφον] ἦρκεν ἐκ τοῦ μ. Colossians 2:14, cf. Arr. Epict. 3.3.15; also ἐκ μ. a half, ἔτη ὀκτὼ καὶ ἔνατον ἐκ μ. Th. 4.133; also ἐκ μ. κατῆστο remained in the middle, i. e. neutral (cf. ἐκ 1.6 fin.), Hdt. 3.83, cf. 4.118, 8.22, 73. διὰ μέσου between, τὸ διὰ μ. ἔθνος Id. 1.104; διὰ μ. ποιεῖσθαι X. Cyr. 6.3.3; διὰ μ. γενέσθαι intervene, of an event, Th. 4.20: c. gen., διὰ μέσου τῆς πόλεως ῥεῖ ποταμός X. An. 1.2.23; διὰ μ. ῥεῖ τούτων ποταμός ib. 1.4.4, etc.; τὸ τούτων διὰ μ. Pl. Lg. 805e; also οἱ διὰ μέσου the middle party, the moderates, Th. 8.75, X. HG 5.4.25; τὸ διὰ μ. the middle class, Arist. Pol. 1296a8; of Time, ὁ διὰ μ. χρόνος Hdt. 9.112; ἡ διὰ μ. ξύμβασις an interim agreement, Th. 5.26; διὰ μέσου, as a figure of speech, use of parenthesis, Hdn. Fig. p.95S. ἀν (ὀν) τὸ μ. in the midst, Alc. 18.3, Xenoph. 1.11, Thgn. 839; ἀνὰ μέσον midway between, Arist. HA 496a22, Antiph. 13, Theoc. 22.21, etc.; ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ GDI 2010 (Delph.), cf. PTeb. 13.9 (ii B. C.), al.; θρὶξ ἀνὰ μέσσον Theoc. 14.9; ἀνὰ μέσσα Nic. Th. 167; also ἀνὰ μέσον φέρε, = μετρίως, Men. 531.18. κατὰ μέσσον, = ἐν μέσῳ, Il. 5.8, 16.285, etc.: c. gen., κὰδ δὲ μέσον τάφρου καὶ τείχεος ἷζον between, 9.87.
2. μέσον, τό, difference, τὸ μ. πρὸς τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας the average between.., Th. 1.10; πολλὸν τὸ μ., πολὺ τὸ μ., the difference is great, Hdt. 1.126, E. Alc. 914 (anap.); τὸ μ. οὐδὲν τῆς ἔχθρης ἐστί there is no middle course for our enmity, Hdt. 7.11.
3. middle state, mean, τὸ μ. καὶ τὸ εὖ Arist. EN 1109b26; ποιήματα μέσα, opp. ὀγκώδη, in the (correct) mean, Phld. Po. 5.5. Adv. - ως, ἀναστρέφεσθαι Id. Rh. 1.155S.
4. in Logic, τὸ μ. the middle term of a syllogism, opp. τὰ ἄκρα, Arist. APr. 66a30; also ὁ μ. (sc. ὅρος) ib. 25b33.
5. Math., middle terms in a proportion, Euc. 6.16; μέση, or μέση (μέσος) ἀνάλογον a mean proportional (straight line or number), ib. 13, 17, 8.11, 12, al.; μέσης εὕρεσις Arist. de An. 413a19, Metaph. 996b21; μέση medial, a specific kind of irrational (straight line), Euc. 10.21, al.; μέσον ὀρθογώνιον (χωρίον) medial rectangle (area), ib. 24, al.
6. Astron., ὁ διὰ μέσων τῶν ζῳδίων κύκλος the ecliptic, Hipparch. 1.9.3, 4, Gem. 2.21, Ptol. Alm. 2.7: without κύκλος, Eudox. ap. Arist. Metaph. 1073b20, Hipparch. 1.9.12; simply, ὁ διὰ μέσων D.L. 7.146; but, ὁ μέσος [κύκλος ] the equator of a rotating sphere, Arist. Metaph. 1073b30.
7. μέσα, τά, = μέζεα, Blaes. p.191 K. = κοιλία 1.3, Herod.Med. ap. Orib. 5.27.3, Gal. 14.732: sg., Heph.Astr. 1.1 (v.l. τὰ μέσα Cat.Cod.Astr. 8(2).45).
8. Μέσον, τό, one of the law-courts at Athens, Phot., Sch. Ar. V. 120.
9. οὐ τοῖς μέσοις τῆς βίας χρωμένη no ordinary force, Hierocl. p.15 A. μέση, ἡ, as Subst., v. μέση. Adv. μέσον,
1. μέσσον, in the middle, Il. 12.167, Od. 14.300: c. gen., between, οὐρανοῦ μ. χθονός <τε> E. Or. 983 (lyr.), cf. Arr. Epict. 2.22.10; in the midst of, μ. τῆς θαλάσσης LXX Exodus 14:27; μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς Philippians 2:15 : also in pl., μέσα αἰετὸς οὐρανοῦ ποτᾶται E. Rh. 530 (lyr.), cf. Nic. Fr. 74.26.
2. regul. Adv. μέσως, πόλεώς τ' οὐ μ. εὐδαίμονος E. Andr. 873, cf. Hec. 1113, Isoc. 9.23; καὶ μ. even in a moderate degree, even a little, Th. 2.60; μ. ἔχειν πρός or περί τι to be in the mean.., Arist. EN 1105b28, 1119a11; θερμότερον ἢ κραυρότερον ἢ μ. ἔχον Eub. 7.1, cf. Sosip. 1.53; μ. βεβιωκέναι in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Pl. Phd. 113d; μ. μεθύων Men. 226; μ. διατιθέναι in an intermediate way, D.H. Comp. 14. Gramm., in the middle voice, A.D. Synt. 276.21. irreg. Comp. μεσαίτερος Pl. Prm. 165b: Sup. μεσαίτατος Hdt. 4.17, Arist. Mu. 392b33, Gem. 9.3, etc.; poet. μεσσότατος A.R. 4.649, Man. 6.373. (Cf. Skt. mádhyas 'middle', Lat. medius, etc.)
ἀναμέσον, i. e. ἀνά μέσον, see ἀνά, 1.)
STRONGS NT 3319: μέσος μέσος, μέσῃ, μέσον (from Homer down), middle (Latinmedius, media, medium);
1. as an adjective: μέσης νυκτός, at midnight, Matthew 25:6; μέσης ἡμέρας, Acts 26:13 (according to Lob. ad Phryn., pp. 53, 54, 465, the better writings said μέσον ἡμέρας, μεσουσα ἡμέρα, μεσημβρία); with the genitive: (ἐκάθητο ὁ Πέτρος μέσος αὐτῶν, Luke 22:55 (R G L ἐν μέσῳ)); μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκε (others, στήκει), stands in the midst of you, John 1:26 (Plato, de rep. 1, p. 330 b.; polit., p. 303 a.); ἐσχίσθη μέσον (the veil) was rent in the midst, Luke 23:45 (Winer's Grammar, 131 (124) note); ἐλάκησε μέσος, Acts 1:18; (ἐσταύρωσαν) μέσον τόν Ἰησοῦν, John 19:18.
2. the neuter τό μέσον or (without the article in adverb. phrases, as διά μέσου, ἐν μέσῳ, cf. Winers Grammar, 123 (117); (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 6)) μέσον is used as a substantive; the Sept. for תָּוֶך (construction state תּוך), and קֶרֶב; the midst: ἀνά μέσον (see ἀνά, 1 (and added note below)); διά μέσου (τίνος), through the midst (Amos 5:17; Jeremiah 44:4 (Psalm 37:4)): αὐτῶν, through the midst of them, Luke 4:30; John 8:59 (Rec.); Σαμαρείας, Luke 17:11 (R G, but L T Tr WH διά μέσον, (see διά, B. I.); others take the phrase here in the sense of between (Xenophon, an. 1, 4, 4; Aristotle, de anim. 2, 11 vol. i., p. 423{b}, 12; see Liddell and Scott, under the word, III. 1 d.); cf. Meyer, Weiss (at the place cited) and added note below); εἰς τό μέσον, into the midst, i. e., according to the context, either the middle of a room or the midst of those assembled in it: Mark 3:3; Mark 14:60 Rec.; Luke 4:35; Luke 5:19; Luke 6:8; John 20:19, 26; εἰς μέσον (cf. German mittenhin), Mark 14:60 G L T Tr WH; ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, in the middle of the apartment or before the guests, Matthew 14:6; ἐν μέσῳ, in the midst of the place spoken of, John 8:3, 9; in the middle of the room, before all, Acts 4:7; with the genitive of place, Revelation 2:7 Rec.; Luke 21:21; (equivalent to German mittenauf) τῆς πλατείας, Revelation 22:2 (but see below); add, Luke 22:55a; Acts 17:22; τῆς θαλάσσης, in the midst (of the surface of) the sea, Mark 6:47; with the genitive plural in the midst of, amongst: with gen of things; Matthew 10:16; Luke 8:7; Luke 10:3; Revelation 1:18; Revelation 2:1; with the genitive of person, Matthew 18:2; Mark 9:36; Luke 2:46; Luke 22:55b there T Tr WH μέσος; see 1 above);
3. the neuter μέσον is used adverbially with a genitive, in the midst ofanything: ἦν μέσον τῆς θαλάσσης, Matthew 14:24 (otherwise Tr text WH text; yet cf. Winer's Grammar, § 54, 6) ((so Exodus 14:27); τέων γάρ μέσον εἶναι τῆς Ἰωνιης, Herodotus 7, 170); γενεάς σκολιᾶς, Philippians 2:15 L T Tr WH (τῆς ἡμέρας, the middle of the day, Susanna 7 Theod.); cf. Buttmann, 123 (107f) (cf. 319 (274); Winer's Grammar, as above).
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μέσος , -η , -ον ,
[in LXX chiefly for H8432;]
middle, in the middle or midst;
1. prop., as an adj.: Luke 23:45, John 19:18, Acts 1:18; c. gen. pl., Luke 22:55, John 1:26; gen. temp. (Bl., § 36, 13), μέσης νυκτός , Matthew 25:6; μ . ἡμέρας , Acts 26:13.
2. In adverbial phrases, neut., μέσον , τὸ μ ., as subst.: ἀνὰ μέσον , c. gen., between (cl.; in LXX: Genesis 1:4, al.), elliptically (but v. M, Pr., 99), 1 Corinthians 6:5; = ἐν μ ,, among, in the midst of (El., § 39, 2; 40, 8; cf. in LXX: Joshua 19:1, Sirach 27:2), Matthew 13:25, Mark 7:31, Revelation 7:17; διὰ μέσου , c. gen., Luke 4:30; διὰ μέσον (Rec. -ου , v. 81., § 42, 1), between, Luke 17:11 (ICC, in l); εἰς τὸ μ . (see εἰς ), Mark 3:3, Luke 4:35; Luke 5:19; Luke 6:8, John 20:19; John 20:26; εἰς μ ., Mark 14:60; ἐν τῷ μ ,, Matthew 14:6; ἐν μ ,, Joshua 8:3; Joshua 8:9, Acts 4:7; c, gen. loc., Mark 6:47, Luke 21:21; Luke 22:55, Acts 17:22, Hebrews 2:12 (LXX), Revelation 4:6; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 22:2. c. gen. pl., Matthew 10:16; Matthew 18:2; Matthew 18:20, Mark 9:36, Luke 2:46; Luke 8:7; Luke 10:3; Luke 22:27; Luke 24:36, Acts 1:15; Acts 2:22; Acts 27:21, 1 Thessalonians 2:7, Revelation 1:13; Revelation 2:1; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 6:6; κατὰ μέσον τ . νυκτός , Acts 27:27 (Bl., § 47, 6); ἐκ τοῦ μ . (Lft., in l; Deiss., BS, 252 f.), Colossians 2:14; ἐκ μ .., 2 Thessalonians 2:7; ἐκ τοῦ μ ,, c. gen., Matthew 13:49, Acts 17:33; Acts 23:10, 1 Corinthians 5:2, 2 Corinthians 6:17.
3. Neut., μέσον , adverbially, c. gen., in the midst of, Matthew 14:24 (WH, txt., R, mg., aliter), Philippians 2:15 (διὰ μέσου v. supr.-also John 8:50, R, mg.).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
μνημεῖον is by no means so common in the papyri as we might have expected, but see P Flor I. 9.10 (A.D. 225) φθάσαντός μου πρὸς τοῖς μναιμίοις (l. μνημείοις) τῆς αὐτῆς κώμης. Vitelli ad l. cites also P Casati 19, 5 p. 139. An interesting ex. may he cited from Syll 399 (= .3 858).1 (after A.D. 161), a stone originally found in Rome, and afterwards transferred to Britain, but now destroyed—Ἡρώδης μνημεῖον καὶ τοῦτο εἶναι τῆς αὑτοῦ συμφορᾶς καὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς τῆς γυναικός · ἔστιν δὲ οὐ τάφος · τὸ γὰρ σῶμα ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι καὶ νῦν παρὰ τῷ ἀνδρί ἐστίν : cf. also Cagnat IV. 660.7 μ [η ]δενὶ ἐξέσται μή [τε πωλῆσα ]ι μήτε ἀγοράσαι μήτ [ε ] μνημεῖον. . . προν [οηθῆναι ] ἑαυτοῦ.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
