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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #4678 - σοφία
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σοφία, Ion. -ιη, ἡ, prop. cleverness or skill in handicraft and art, as in carpentry, τέκτονος, ὅς ῥά τε πάσης εὖ εἰδῇ ς . Il. 15.412; of the Telchines, Pi. O. 7.53; ἡ ἔντεχνος ς ., of Hephaestus and Athena, Pl. Prt. 32 1d; of Daedalus and Palamedes, X. Mem. 4.2.33, cf. 1.4.2; in music and singing, τέχνῃ καὶ ς . h.Merc. 483, cf. 511; in poetry, Sol. 13.52, Pi. O. 1.117, Ar. Ra. 882, X. An. 1.2.8, etc.; in driving, Pl. Thg. 123c; in medicine or surgery, Pi. P. 3.54; in divination, S. OT 502 (lyr.); δυσθανατῶν ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο Pl. R. 406b; ς. δημηγορική, δικανική, ib. 365d; ἡ περὶ Ὁμήρου ς . Id. Ion 542a; οὐ σοφίᾳ ἀλλὰ φύσει ποιεῖν Id. Revelation 22:1-21 b; σημαίνοντες τὴν ς . . ., ὅτι ἀρετὴ τέχνης ἐστίν Arist. EN 1141a12: rare in pl., Pi. O. 9.107, Ar. Ra. 676 (lyr.), IG 12.522 (vase, v B.C. ).
2. skill in matters of common life. sound judgement, intelligence, practical wisdom, etc., such as was attributed to the seven sages, like φρόνησις, Thgn. 790, 876, 1074, Hdt. 1.30, 60; ἡ τῶν δεινῶν ς ., opp. ἀμαθία, Pl. Prt. 360d; τὴν τότε καλουμένην ς., οὖσαν δὲ δεινότητα πολιτικὴν καὶ δραστήριον σύνεσιν Plu. Them. 2; also, cunning, shrewdness, craft, Hdt. 1.68, etc.; τὸ λοιδορῆς αι θεοὺς ἐχθρὰ ς . Pi. O. 9.38 .
3. learning, wisdom, μείζω τινὰ ἢ κατ' ἄνθρωπον σοφίαν σοφοί Pl. Revelation 20 Revelation 20:1-15 e; opp. ἀμαθία, ib. 22e; freq. in E., e.g. μόρσιμα . . οὐ σοφίᾳ τις ἀπώσεται Heracl. 615 (lyr.); τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία (v. σοφός 1.3 ) Ba. 395 (lyr.), etc.; freq. in Arist., speculative wisdom, EN 1141a19, Metaph. 982a2, 995b12 (pl.), 1059a18; defined as θείων τε καὶ ἀνθρωπίνων ἐπιστήμη, Stoic. 2.15; but also of natural philosophy and mathematics, ς. τις καὶ ἡ φυσική Arist. Metaph. 1005b1, cf. 1061b33 .
4. among the Jews, ἀρχὴ σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου LXX Proverbs 1:7, cf. Job 28:28, al.; Σοφία, recognized first as an attribute of God, was later identified with the Spirit of God, cf. LXX Proverbs 8:1-36 with Si. 24s q.
5. later as a title, ἡ ὑμετέρα, ἡ ὑμῶν ς ., POxy. 1165.6, PSI 7.790.14 (both vi A.D. ).
σοφία , -ας , ἡ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H2451;]
skill, intelligence, wisdom, ranging from knowledge of the arts and matters of daily life to mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense;
(a) of human wisdom: 1 Corinthians 2:1; 1 Corinthians 2:4-5, James 3:15, Revelation 13:18; Revelation 17:9; σ . Σολομῶνος , Matthew 12:42, Luke 11:31; Αἰγυπτίων , Acts 7:22; Ἕλληνες σ . ζητοῦσιν , 1 Corinthians 1:22; σ . λόγου , 1 Corinthians 1:17; τ . σοφῶν , 1 Corinthians 1:19 (LXX); τ . κόσμου , 1 Corinthians 1:20-21; 1 Corinthians 3:19; ἀνθρωπίνη , 1 Corinthians 2:13; σαρκική , 2 Corinthians 1:12;
of wisdom in spiritual things: Luke 21:15, Acts 6:3; Acts 6:10; Acts 7:10, 1 Corinthians 2:6, Colossians 1:28; Colossians 2:23; Colossians 3:16; Colossians 4:5, James 1:5; James 3:13; James 3:17, 2 Peter 3:15; λόγος σοφίας , 1 Corinthians 12:8; πνεῦμα σοφίας , Ephesians 1:17; σ . καὶ φρόνησις , Ephesians 1:8; σ . καὶ σύνεσις , Colossians 1:9;
(b) of divine wisdom: of God, Romans 11:33, 1 Corinthians 1:21; 1 Corinthians 1:24; 1 Corinthians 2:7, Revelation 7:12; πολυποίκιλος , Ephesians 3:10;
of Christ, Matthew 13:54, Mark 6:2, Luke 2:40; Luke 2:52, 1 Corinthians 1:30 Colossians 2:3, Revelation 5:12;
of wisdom personified, Matthew 11:19, Luke 7:35; Luke 11:49.†
SYN.: σύνεσις G4907, intelligence; φρόνησις G5428, prudence, which with σ . make up (Arist., N. Eth., i, 13) the three intellectual ἀρεταί . σ . is wisdom primary and absolute; in distinction from which φ . is practical, σύνεσις critical, both being applications of σ . in detail (cf. Lft., and ICC on Colossians 1:9; Lft., Notes, 317 f.; Tr., Syn., § LXXv; Cremer, 870 ff.).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";endure adversity with,"; c. dat. in Hebrews 11:25. According to Grimm-Thayer the verb ";is not round elsewhere,"; but cf. the corr. form συνκακουργοῦντες in BGU I. 15 ii. 11 (A.D. 194).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
the Seventh Sunday after Easter