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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4235 - πρᾷος
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- gentle, mild, meek
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πρᾶος, ον,
also πρᾱΰς, Ion. πρηΰς, εῖα, ΰ: — πρᾶος supplies sg. in Att., Trag., and Com., exc. that the fem. is always πραεια ( πρᾶος as fem. only in Plu. 2.168d); but sg. πραΰς, Ion. πρηΰς, is used in Ep. and Lyr. (also in X. and usu. in LXX, Plb., etc.): — pl., nom. πρηέες Hp. Epid. 1.10, πρηεῖς AP 5.208 ( Posidipp. or Asclep. ), πρᾶοι Pl. R. 562d, etc.; fem. πρηεῖαι AP 6.244 ( Crin. ); neut. πραέα X. Oec. 15.4, Eq. 9.10, etc., πρᾶα Arist. HA 488b22, f.l. in Ph. 2.351; gen. πραέων X. An. 1.4.9; dat. πραέσι Pl. Lg. 888a, 930a, fem. πραίαις written for πραείαις IG 7.3101 (Lebad., iii A.D. ); acc. πραεῖς Plb. 18.37.7, πράους Isoc. 3.55: Comp. πραότερος Lys. 20.21, πραΰτερος Epich. 153, Pl. Ti. 85a, etc., Ion. πρηΰτ- Hdt. 2.181: Sup. πραότατος Pl. Phd. 116c, etc., πραΰτατος Syria 5.337 ( Sidon ); Ep. and Ion. πρηΰτατος A.R. 2.937, AP 6.349 ( Phld. ); πράϋστος MAMA 1.237 ( Phrygia ). (The ι subscr. is freq. written in codd., but Πρᾶος is written in IG 22.1928.20 (pr. n., iv B.C. ), IGRom. 4.504 (Pergam.), cf. Phot., Et.Gud. 478.31; πραύτερος is found once in codd., Pl. Ti. l.c. (proved wrong by πραΰς Com.Adesp. in Gött. Nachr. 1922.31, πραέα (neut. pl.) in PCair.Zen. 33.12 (iii B.C.), πραέως UPZ 144.6 (ii B.C.), and by the absence of iota in Ion. πρηΰς )): —
mild, soft, gentle (not in Il. or Od. ):
1 of things, πρηῢ σέλας H.Hom. 8.10; πραῢς ὄαρος Pi. P. 4.136; mild, πυρετοί Hp.l.c.; ἰητρείη πρηεῖα Id. Art. 69; of sound, soft, gentle, τὴν φωνὴν πραοτέραν ποιοῦνται X. Smp. 1.10; ἀνέμων πρηΰτατε Ζέφυρε AP 6.349 ( Phld. ); ὠδῖνες ib. 244 ( Crin. ); κέντρον ib. 229 (Id.).
2. of persons, mild, gentle, meek, πραῢς ἀστοῖς Pi. P. 3.71; πᾶσιν ἵλεώς τε καὶ πρᾶος Pl. R. 566e; πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους π. ib. 375c; π. τὸ ἦθος Id. Phdr. 243c; π. ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Id. Euthd. 303d; esp. after having been angry, Hdt. 2.181 ( Comp. ); ὁ θὴρ ὅδ' ἡμῖν π., of Dionysus, E. Ba. 436; of a horse, gentle, ἀλλήλοις πραότεροι X. Cyr. 2.1.29; of other animals, tame, ἰχθύων μεγάλων καὶ πραέων Id. An. 1.4.9, cf. Arist. HA 488b22; ζῷα . . πραέα πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους X. Oec. 15.4: prov., πραΰτερος μολόχας Epich. 153; also, τόπος ἡμερώτερος καὶ πραότερος Isoc. 9.67 .
3. of actions, feelings, etc., mild, τιμωρίαι πραότεραι Pl. Lg. 867b; πραότεραι ἡδοναί ib. 815e; λόγοι, ἤθη, φύσις, ib. 888a, 930a, R. 375c; ὄσσοισι πρηέσιν δέρκευ BMus.Inscr. 921b8 (Branchidae, i/ii A.D. ); τὰ πραέα caresses, X. Eq. 9.10; πραότερα πάσχειν Pl Cri. 49b.
II making mild, taming, φάρμακον πραῢ τείνων ἀμφὶ γένυι, of a bridle, Pi. O. 13.85; προκινεῖν αὐτὸν [τὸν ἵππον] ὡς πραοτάτοις σημείοις X. Eq. 9.3 .
III Adv. πράως, mildly, gently, πράως πείθειν τινά, φέρειν τι, Pl. R. 589c, Cri. 43b; πράως ἔχειν πρός τι Id. Ly. 211e; πράως λέγειν τὸ πάθος to speak lightly of it, X. An. 1.5.14; πράως διακεῖσθαι, opp. ὀργίζεσθαι, D. 21.183; πράως, μὴ πικρῶς Id. 18.265; in physical sense, gently, Orib. Fr. 134: Comp., πραότερον προδιδάσκειν, κολάζειν, Pl. Grg. 489d, Phd. 94d; πραοτέρως (v.l. -υτέρως ) ἔχειν τινί J. AJ 17.6.4: Sup., φέρειν . . ὡς πραότωτα Pl. R. 387e: later form πραέως ( πράως [Ἀττικοί], οὐ πραέως Phot. ), UPZ 144.6 (ii B.C.), D.S. 1.36, Dsc. 1.13, dub. in Com.Adesp. 336.5 (cf. πρατίας ), etc.: Ion. πρηέως cj. in Democr. 46 ( πράως and πραέως codd.). (Cogn. with Skt. prîṇâ´ti 'love, give pleasure to', Goth. frijon 'love', frijonds 'friend'.)
πρᾷός (so R G in Matthew 11:29; on the iota subscript, cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 403f; Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. § 64, 2 i., p. 255; (Lipsius, Gramm. Untersuch., p. 7f; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 5, 4 d. and p. 45 (44))) or πρᾷός, πραα, πραου, and πραΰς (L T Tr WH, so R G in Matthew 21:5 (4); (cf. Tdf. Proleg., p. 82)), πραείᾳ, πραυ, genitive πραέως T Tr WH for the common form πρᾳέος (so Lachmann; πρᾳέος R G), see βαθέως (cf. Buttmann, 26 (23)), plural πραεῖς L T Tr WH, πραεῖς R G; from Homer down; gentle, mild, meek: Matthew 5:5(4);
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πρᾷος , πρᾶος , see πραΰς G4239.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For a pagan instance of προσευχή in the general sense of ";prayer,"; ";supplication,"; we can now cite the interesting letter, BGU IV. 1080.4 (iii/A.D.) (= Chrest. I. p. 564), in which a father congratulates his son on his marriage κατὰ τὰς κοινὰς ἡμῶν εὐχὰς καὶ προσευχάς.
Exx. of προσευχή as a Jewish ";place of prayer,"; as in Acts 16:13 (cf. 3 Maccabees 7:20), are readily forthcoming from both the papyri and the inscrr. Thus as early as B.C. 217 we have a petition from a village of the Fayûm, P Magd 35 (= Chrest. I. p. 80), regarding a garment deposited .5 ἐν τῆι προσευχῆι τῶν Ἰουδαίων, to await a judicial decision as to the rightful owner. And in P Tebt I. 86.18 (late ii/B.C.) we read of a προσευχὴ Ἰουδαίων with a Διὸς π ̣α ̣ρά (δεισος) near at hand. From Roman time come a series of account from the waterworks of the metropolis (? Hermopolis), P Lond 1177.57 (A.D. 113) (= III. p. 183) ἀρχόντων Ἰ [ου ]δα ̣ίων προσευχῆς Θηβαίων μηνιαίω (ν) (δραχμῶν) ρ ̄κ ̄η ̄, ";the ruler of the proseucha of the Theban Jew 128 drachmae a month."; The same document mention .60 εὐχεῖον rated at the ame amount a the προσευχή, viz 768 drachmae; but there is nothing to determine how the two are related (cf. Moulton Exp T xix. p. 41).
Amongst the inscrr. a special interest is attached to the iii/B.C. inscr. cited s.v. πλάξ, OGIS 129.9 (= Chrest. I. p. 79), where the right of asylum is granted to a Jewish proseucha—τὴν προσευχὴν ἄσυλον. see further ib. 726.7 (B.C. 246–221) ὑπὲρ βασιλέως Πτολεμαίου καὶ βασιλίσσης Βερενίκης ἀδελφῆς καὶ γυναικὸς καὶ τῶν τέκνων τὴν προσευχὴν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι, ib. 96.6 (B.C. 205–181) οἱ ἐν Ἀθρίβει Ἰουδαῖοι τὴν προσευχὴν Θεῷ Ὑψίστῳ, and of a later date ib. 101.6 Ἑρμίας καὶ Φιλ (ω)τέρα ἡ γυνὴ καὶ τὰ παιδία τήνδε ἐξέδραν τῆι προσευχῆ (ι). Mention may also be made of a Jewish deed of manumission, Letyschev II. 52, where a Jewess announces the freedom bestowed on a slave .6 ἐπὶ τῆς [προ ]σευχῆς, ";in the proseucha i.e. in the presence of the congregation. Noteworthy too are the further words of the same inscr. .13 χωρὶς ἰς τ [ὴ ]ν προ [σ ]ευχὴν θωπείας τε καὶ προσκα [ρτερ ]ήσεως, ";beside reverence and constancy towards the place of prayer,"; if only because of the association of προσευχή and προσκαρτέρησις (cf. Acts 1:14 al. ) : see Schürer Geschichte.3 iii. p. 53, Deissmann LAE p. 100 n.4. From the above instance it will be seen that προσευχή is used = συναγωγή, but a Curtius (Exp VII. iv. p. 454) remark ";every προσευχή not therefore a synagogue.";; Additional exx. will be found in Strack’s paper on Ptolemaic inscrr. in Archiv ii. p. 537 ff., where he notes five Jewish ";place of prayer"; in Upper Egypt, and many in Lower.
For προσευχή, as a place of heathen worship, we may recall Latyschev I. 98.7 (= CIG II. 2079) ἄρχ [οντες ] τὴν προσευχὴν ἐ [πε ]σκεύασαν τῇ ἑαυ [τῶν ] προνοίᾳ στεγάσα [ντες ] ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μέχρι. . . Boeckh (CIG ad l.) defines προσευχήν as ";sacellum adorando deo destinatum,"; the particular god being uncertain, but it should be noted that Schürer (Geschichte.3, ii. p. 444) thinks that Jewish influence is possible in this case.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
