שמואל א 21:13

Hebrew Modern Translation

וישנו את טעמו בעיניהם ויתהלל בידם ויתו על דלתות השער ויורד רירו אל זקנו׃

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Aleppo Codex
[21:14] וישנו את טעמו בעיניהם ויתהלל בידם ויתו על דלתות השער ויורד רירו אל זקנו {ס}

Biblia Hebrica Stuttgartensia (1967/77)
[21:14] וַיְשַׁנֹּ֤ו אֶת־טַעְמוֹ֙ בְּעֵ֣ינֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְהֹלֵ֖ל בְּיָדָ֑ם *וַיְתַו **וַיְתָיו֙ עַל־דַּלְתֹ֣ות הַשַּׁ֔עַר וַיֹּ֥ורֶד רִירֹ֖ו אֶל־זְקָנֹֽו ׃

Westminster Leningrad Codex
[21:14] וַיְשַׁנּוֹ אֶת־טַעְמוֹ בְּעֵינֵיהֶם וַיִּתְהֹלֵל בְּיָדָם וַיְתָיווַיְתַו| עַל־דַּלְתוֹת הַשַּׁעַר וַיּוֹרֶד רִירוֹ אֶל־זְקָנֹֽו ׃

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

changed: Psalms 34:1, *title Proverbs 29:25, Ecclesiastes 7:7

scrabbled: or, made marks

Reciprocal: Genesis 27:24 - I am

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And he changed his behaviour before them,.... Behaved like a fool, or a madman: or changed his "taste" s; which some understand of his reason, acted as if he was deprived of it; and others of his speech, his words and the accent of them, drawled them out, as such persons do:

and feigned himself mad in their hands; for in their hands he was, being taken by them, as the title of the fifty sixth psalm shows, Psalms 56:1; and this stratagem he used to get himself out of their hands, acting the part of a madman, delirious, and out of his senses:

and scrabbled on the doors of the gate; as if he was writing something there, and making marks upon them:

and let his spittle fall down upon his beard; slavered, as idiots and madmen do; and however mean this may seem in David to act such a part, it cannot be condemned as wicked, since it was only a stratagem to deliver himself, out of an enemy's hand, and stratagems are always allowed to be used against an enemy; and such a method as this has been taken by men of the greatest sense and wit, as by Brutus t and Solon u; and yet, according to the Vulgate Latin and Septuagint versions, this case of his was real and not feigned; that through the surprise of being known in the court of Achish, he was seized with an epilepsy; that his countenance was changed, and his mouth distorted, as persons in such fits are; that he fell among them as one convulsed, and fell at, and dashed against the doors of the gates, and foamed at the mouth, as such persons do; see Luke 9:39; and so in the following words the Greek version is, ye see the man is an epileptic; I do not want epileptics; but the thirty fourth and fifty sixth psalms, composed by him at this time, show that as he was of a sound mind, so in good health of body, and not subject to such fits as here represented, see

Psalms 34:1; which would have rendered him unfit for such composures.

s טעמו "sensum suum", Montanus, Vatablus; "sermonem suum", Pagninus. t Liv. Hist. l. 1. c. 56. Aurel. Victor. de Vir. Illustr. c. 13. u Justin e Trogo, l. 2. c. 7.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Scrabbled - literally, made marks (margin), namely, the mark of the “tau” (t), which in the ancient Hebrew and Phoenician was in the shape of a cross. (See Ezekiel 9:4.)

On the doors of the gate - The gate of Achish’s palace-yard or court, in which the attendants waited. The house itself stood in this court. (Compare Esther 2:19, Esther 2:21.)

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse 1 Samuel 21:13. And he changed his behaviour — Some imagine David was so terrified at the danger to which he was now exposed, that he was thrown into a kind of frenzy, accompanied with epileptic fits. This opinion is countenanced by the Septuagint, who render the passage thus: Ιδου ιδετε ανδρα επιλητον; "Behold, ye see an epileptic man. Why have ye introduced him to me?" Μη ελαττουμαι επιληπτων εγω; "Have I any need of epileptics, that ye have brought him to have his fits before me, (επιληπτευεσθαι προς με?") It is worthy of remark, that the spittle falling upon the beard, i.e., slavering or frothing at the mouth, is a genuine concomitant of an epileptic fit.

If this translation be allowed, it will set the conduct of David in a clearer point of view than the present translation does. But others think the whole was a feigned conduct, and that he acted the part of a lunatic or madman in order to get out of the hands of Achish and his courtiers. Many vindicate this conduct of David; but if mocking be catching, according to the proverb, he who feigns himself to be mad may, through the just judgment of God, become so. I dare not be the apologist of insincerity or lying. Those who wish to look farther into this subject may consult Dr. Chandler, Mr. Saurin, and Ortlob, in the first volume of Dissertations, at the end of the Dutch edition of the Critici Sacri.