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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #5432 - φρουρέω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to guard, protect by a military guard, either to prevent hostile invasion, or to keep the inhabitants of a besieged city from flight
- metaph.
- under the control of the Mosaic law, that he might not escape from its power
- to protect by guarding, to keep
- by watching and guarding to preserve one for the attainment of something
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
φρουρ-έω,
Poet. impf. φρούρουν S. Tr. 915: fut. -ήσω A. Proverbs 31:1-31, etc.: aor. ἐφρούρησα Hdt. 2.30, etc.: — Med., fut. -ήσομαι in pass. sense, E. Ion 603: — Pass., aor. ἐφρουρήθην ib. 1390: pf. πεφρούρημαι Hp. 23 (Ps.-Democr.), (δια-) A. Fr. 265: (φρουρός): —
keep watch or guard, ἐν Ἐλεφαντίνῃ Hdt. l.c., cf. 9.106, IG 12.99.21, OGI 38.1 (iii B. C.), etc.; of ships, φ. περὶ Ναύπακτον or ἐν Ναυπάκτῳ, Th. 2.80, 83; φ. ἐπί τινι to keep watch over.., E. Alc. 35 (anap.); οἱ φρουροῦντες the guardians, Pl. Lg. 763d; συνάπτειν.. φρουροῦντας.. φρουροῦσι ib. 758b; prov., ἐν παντὶ.. σκορπίος φ. λίθῳ S. Fr. 37; generally, 'keep a sharp look-out', Id. Tr. 915. II trans., watch, guard, τὴν χώρην Hdt. 3.90; τὴν γέφυραν Id. 4.133; τὴν ἀτραπόν Id. 7.217; βρέτας A. Eu. 1024; σὲ δαίμων.. φρουρήσας τύχοι S. OT 1479; τὴν Ποτείδαιαν φ. garrison it, Th. 3. [17], cf. X. Cyr. 6.1.17, etc.; φυλακαῖσι φ. σῶμ' Ὀδυσσέως set a watch over.. E. Cyc. 690: metaph., φ. πέτραν keep watch over it, of Prometheus, A. Proverbs 31:1-31; στόμα εὔφημον φρουρεῖν ἀγαθόν keep silence, E. Ion 98 (anap.); ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ θεοῦ.. φρουρήσει τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν Philippians 4:7 : — Pass., to be watched or guarded, Hdt. 7.203, A. Eu. 218, S. OC 1013, E. Hec. 995, etc.: of the watch kept by besiegers, κύκλῳ φρουρούμενος ὑπὸ πάντων πολεμίων Pl. R. 579b. hold in subjection, opp. παραφυλάττειν, Plb. 18.4.6. Astrol., occupy, in Pass., Vett.Val. 106.18. bind, ἁλύσεσι πεφρουρημένος PMag.Par. 1.3093.
2. watch for, observe, φρουρῶν τόδ' ἦμαρ E. Alc. 27; φ. ὄμμα ἐπὶ σῷ.. καιρῷ S. Ph. 151 (lyr.); φ. χρέος to be observant of one's duty, Id. El. 74.
III Med., to be on one's guard against, beware of, c. acc., φρουρούμενος βέλεμνα E. Andr. 1135: — Act. also in the same sense, ἐφρούρει μηδὲν ἐξαμαρτάνειν Id. Supp. 900; φ. ὅπως or ὅπως ἂν.., with subj., S. El. 1402, E. Hel. 742; φ. μή.., with subj., Id. El. 1139.
φρουρέω, φρούρω: imperfect ἐφρουρουν; future φρουρήσω; passive, present participle φρουρουμενος; imperfect ἐφρουρουμην; (φρουρός, contracted from πρωρος from πρωράω to see before, foresee); from Aeschylus and Herodotus down;
1. to guard, protect by a military guard, either in order to prevent hostile invasion, or to keep the inhabitants of a besieged city from flight; (often so from Thucydides down): τήν πόλιν, i. e. not he surrounded the city with soldiers, but by posting sentries he kept the gates guarded, 2 Corinthians 11:32 (R. V. guarded), cf. Acts 9:24.
2. metaphorically: τινα, passive, ὑπό νόμον, under the control of the Mosaic law, that we might not escape from its power, with συγκεκλεισμένοι (συν῾γ᾿κλειόμενοι L T Tr WH) added, Galatians 3:23 (R. V. kept in ward; cf. Plutarch, de defect. orac. § 29; Wis. 17:15); to protect by guarding (Sophocles O. R. 1479), to keep: τάς καρδίας ἐν Χριστῷ, i. e. in close connection with Christ, Philippians 4:7; τινα εἰς τί, by watching and guarding to preserve one for the attainment of something (R. V. guarded unto etc.), passive, 1 Peter 1:5.
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φρουρέω , -ῶ ,
(< φρουρός , a guard),
[in LXX: 1 Esdras 4:56, Judith 3:6, Wisdom of Solomon 17:16, 1 Maccabees 11:3*;]
to guard, keep under guard, protect or keep by guarding: 2 Corinthians 11:32; metaph., Galatians 3:23, Philippians 4:7, 1 Peter 1:5.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
(1) ";necessity,"; ";need,"; or ";occasion of need"; : PH b I. 54.13 (c. B.C. 245) χρεία γάρ ἐστι ταῖς γυναιξὶν πρὸς τὴν θυσίαν, ";for he is wanted by the women for the sacrifice"; (Edd.), P Grenf II. 14 (c).6 (iii/B.C.) πρὸς τινὰ χρείαν ἀ ̣ν ̣α ̣γ ̣κ ̣α ̣ι ̣α ̣ν (cf. Tit. 3:4), P Fay 117.8 (A.D. 108) πέμσαι αὐτῷ. . εἰκθύδιν (l. ἰχθύδιον), ἐπὶ (l. ἐπεὶ) χρίαν αὐτοῦ ἔχωμον (l. ἔχομεν), ";send him some fish, as we want to make use of him"; (Edd.), P Michigan Inv. No. 2798.5 (time of Hadrian) περ ]ὶ ὧ ̣ν ἐὰν χρείαν ἔχῃς γράφε μοι, ";do you write to me about what you may need,"; P Tebt II. 416.17 (iii/A.D.) μετάδε ̣ς (l. μετάδος) καὶ Ἀκουτᾶτι τῷ ἀδελφῷ ὅτι ἐὰν χρίαν τινὸς ἔχῃ ἡ γυνή μου ποίησον αὐτῆς ̣ τὴν χρίαν ἕως ἔλθω, μηδὲν ἐπιζητείτω, ";tell my brother Akoutas also to do anything that my wife requires until I come, and let her want for nothing"; (Edd.), and P Grenf II. 72.6 (A.D. 290–304) εἰς ἰδίαν μου χρείαν. . . τάλαντα δύο.
For χρείαν ἔχω treated as an active verb and followed by the acc, as in Rev. 3:17, cf. P Oxy VII. 106820 (iii/A.D.) εἴ τι ἂν ἄλλου (l. ἄλλο) σου χρίαν σκῶσιν (l. σχῶσιν), ";with anything else they may need from you"; (Ed.), ib. XIV. 1683.17 f. (late iv/A.D.) δὸς οὖν αὐτά, ἐπιδὲ χρείαν αὐτὰ ὁ υἱός μου <ἔχει >, ";give them to her, since my son needs them,"; ib. XVI. 1929.3 (iv/v A.D.) χρίαν ἔχομεν τὰ πλοῖα, and P Lond 1918.16 (A.D. 330–340) εἴ τι χρείαν ἔχεις πέμψον σοι, with Bell’s note.
(2) ";matter in hand,"; ";business"; (Act. 6:3 : cf. 1Ma. 12:45, 2Ma. 7:34, Jdt. 12:10) : P Tebt I. 35.2 (B.C. 111) τοῖς ἐπὶ χρειῶν τεταγμένοις χαίρειν, ";to the other officials, greeting,"; BGU I. 18.14 (A.D. 169) παραγ [γ ]έλεται (l. παραγγέλλετε) ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι τῆς ἐνχιρισθίσης α [ὐ ]τοῖς χρε [ία ]ς ὑγιῶς καὶ πιστῶς, P Iand 33.12 (time of Commodus) ὀμνύομεν. . . ἀντιλήμψασθαι τῆς χρίας καὶ φυλάξιν (= -ειν) διὰ νυκτὸς τὴ ̣ν ̣ κ ̣ω ̣μ ̣[ην ] ἀνεγκλή [τως, P Tebt II. 327.23 (late ii/A.D.) κε ]κελευσμένου οὖν, κύριε, γ [υ ]ναῖκας ἀφεῖσθαι τῶν τ [οιο ]ύτων χρειῶν, ";wherefore, my lord, it has been decreed that women should be freed from such burdens"; (Edd.), and P Oxy VII. 1063.8 (ii/iii A.D.) εἶπας οὐδένα ἐκείνων εἰς τὴν χρείαν ἔδωκα, ";you said ‘I have not given in any of them (sc. certain names) for the office’"; (Ed.).
In Mar. 11:3, Mat. 21:3, Luk. 19:31; Luk. 19:34 ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ (αὐτῶν) χρείαν ἔχει, Nicklin (CR xv. (1901), p. 203) thinks that, in view of the order of the words, the natural translation is, ";Its (their) owner needs (it or them)."; Various translations of Eph. 4:29 ἀλλ᾽ εἴ τις ἀγαθὸς πρὸς οἰκοδομὴν τῆς χρείας are discussed by Field, Notes p. 192, with a preference for ";that which is good for the improvement of the occasion."; J. A. Robinson (Comm. ad l.) renders ";for building up as the matter may require"; or ";as need may be.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
