Bible Lexicons

φῐλόσοφος, ὁ,

lover of wisdom; Pythagoras called himself φιλόσοφος, not σοφός, Cic Tusc. 5.3.9, D.L. Prooem. 12; τὸν φ. σοφίας φήσομεν ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι πάσης Pl. R. 475b, cf. Isoc. 15.271; ὁ ὡς ἀληθῶς φ. Pl. Phd. 64e sq.; φ. φύσει, τὴν φύσιν, Id. R. 376c; φ. τῇ ψυχῇ, opp. φιλόπονος τῷ σώματι, Isoc. 1.40: used of all men of education and learning, joined with φιλομαθής and φιλόλογος, Pl. R. 376c, 582e; opp. σοφιστής, X. Cyn. 13.6, 9; later, academician, of the members of the Museum at Alexandria, OGI 712 (ii A. D.), etc.

2. philosopher, i. e. one who speculates on truth and reality, οἱ ἀληθινοὶ φ., defined as οἱ τῆς ἀληθείας φιλοθεάμονες, Pl. R. 475e; ὁ φιλόσοφος, of Aristotle, Plu. 2.115b; ὁ σκηνικὸς φ., of Euripides, Ath. 13.561a; as the butt of Com., Philem. 71.1, Bato 5.11, Anaxipp. 4, Phoenicid. 4.16.

II as Adj., loving knowledge, philosophic, ἄνδρες Heraclit. 35; ἀνήρ Pl. Phd. 64d; τὸ φ. γένος Id. R. 501e; φ. φύσις ib. 494a; ψυχή ib. 486b; διάνοια ib. 527b; πειθώ Phld. Rh. 1.269 S.; σύνεσις ib.p.211S. (Comp.); οἱ φιλοσοφώτατοι Pl. R. 498a, cf. IG 5(1).598 (Sparta).

2. of arguments, sciences, etc., scientific, philosophic, λόγοι Pl. Phdr. 257b; λόγοι -ώτεροι, of instructive speeches, Isoc. 12.271; -ώτερον ποίησις ἱστορίας Arist. Po. 1451b5; τὸ φ., opp. τὸ θυμοειδές, as an element of the soul, Pl. R. 411e, but = φιλοσοφία, Plu. 2.355b.

3. ingenious, Ar. Ec. 571 (hex.).

III Adv. -φως, διακεῖσθαι πρός τι Isoc. 15.277; φ. ἔχειν περί τινος Pl. Phd. 91a, cf. Cic. Att. 13.20.4, etc.; opp. ῥητορικῶς, Phld. Rh. 2.134S.; Comp. -ωτέρως Arist. Sens. 436a20; -ώτερον Cic. Att. 7.8.3. [ Ar. l. c. has the penult. long, nowhere else found in poetry.]