the Week of Proper 22 / Ordinary 27
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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #539 - ἀπάτη
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- deceit, deceitfulness
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ἀπᾰτ-η, ἡ,
I
1. trick, fraud, deceit, νῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην βουλεύσατο Il. 2.114, cf. 4.168: in pl., wiles, οὐκ ἄρ' ἔμελλες.. λήξειν ἀπατάων, says Athena to Ulysses, Od. 13.294, cf. Il. 15.31; σκολιαὶ ἀπάται Pi. Fr. 213.
2. guile, treachery, ἄταν ἀπάτᾳ μεταγνούς A. Supp. 111, cf. S. OC 230; ἀπάτης δικαίας οὐκ ἀποστατεῖ θεός A. Fr. 301, cf. Pers. 93; ἀ. ἐρώτων S. Ant. 617; διαβολὴ καὶ ἀ. Antipho 6.7, etc.; ἀ. εὐπρεπής, opp. βία ἐμφανής, Th. 4.86; ἢ βίᾳ ἢ ἀπάτῃ 2.39; ἀ. λεχέων a being cheated out of the marriage, S. Ant. 630; ἄνευ δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης 'without fraud or covin', Hdt. 1.69; μετὰ σκότους καὶ ἀ. Pl. Lg. 864c.
3. Ἀπάτη, personified, Hes. Th. 224, Luc. Merc.Cond. 42.
II beguiling of time, pastime (not Att., Moer. 65), Plb. 4.20.5; ψυχῆς Dicaearch. 1.1; ψυχαγωγίαι καὶ ἀπάται τῆς πόλεως D.Chr. 32.5.
III as name of a plant, f.l. for cross ἀπάπη (q.v.).
ἀπάτη, ἀπάτης, ἡ (from Homer down), deceit, deceitfulness: Colossians 2:8; τοῦ πλούτου, Matthew 13:22; Mark 4:19; τῆς ἀδικίας, 2 Thessalonians 2:10; τῆς ἁμαρτίας, Hebrews 3:13; αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι τῆς ἀπάτης the lusts excited by deceit, i. e. by deceitful influences seducing to sin, Ephesians 4:22 (others, 'deceitful lusts'; but cf. Meyer at the passage). Plural, ἀπαται: 2 Peter 2:13 (where L Tr text WH marginal reading ἐν ἀγάπαις), by a paragram (or verbal play) applied to the agapae or love-feasts (cf. ἀγάπη, 2), because these were transformed by base men into seductive revels.
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ἀπάτη , -ης , ἡ ,
[in LXX: Ecclesiastes 9:6 א (no Heb. equiv.), Judith 9:3; Judith 9:10; Judith 9:13; Judith 16:8, 4 Maccabees 18:8 *;]
deceit, deceitfulness: Colossians 2:8; τοῦ πλούτου , Matthew 13:22, Mark 4:19 (MM, VGT, s.v.); τῆς ἀδικίας , 2 Thessalonians 2:10; τῆς ἁμαρτίας , Hebrews 3:13; αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι τῆς ἀ ., Ephesians 4:22. pl., ἀπά ται (v. M, Th., i.e.; NTD, 75; MM, l.c.): 2 Peter 2:13 (WH, mg., R., txt., ἐν ἀγάπαις ).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For ἀ. = ";deceit"; (as 4 Maccabees 18:8, 2 Thessalonians 2:10, Hebrews 3:13) cf. P Oxy VII. 1020.7 f (A.D. 198–201) εἰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἡ [λικίας ] ἔχεις βοήθιαν, τὸν ἀγῶνα τῆς ἀπάτης ὁ ἡγούμ [ε ]νος τοῦ ἔθν ̣ο ̣υ ̣ς ἐκδι [κ ]ήσει, ";if you can claim the assistance due to immature age, the prefect of the province shall decide the suit for fraud"; (Ed.). So CPHerm 6.9 νῦν δὲ οἱ μὲν [μετ᾽ ἀπά ]της εἰσποιοῦ [ντ ]αι, if the supplement is right. Attention may be called to Deissmann’s note in his Hellenisierung des semitischen Monotheismus (Neue Jahrb. f. d. klass. Altertum, 1903), p. 165 n. : he recalls the fact that ἀπάτη in popular Hellenistic had the meaning ";pleasure,"; and finds this in Matthew 13:22 = Mark 4:19 (cf. Luke 8:14) and 2 Peter 2:13 : cf. Polyb.iii. 56.12 and Moeris’ definition (p. 65)—Ἀπάτη ἡ πλάνη παρ᾽ Ἀττικοῖς. . . ἡ τέρψις παρ᾽ Ἕλλησιν. Of this rare sense Rouffiac (p. 38 f.) cites a probable instance from Priene 113.64 (B.C. 84) κα [τατιθ ]εὶς δὲ μὴ μόνον τὰ πρὸς ἡδον [ήν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βουλόμενος ] ἐκ [τ ]ὸς ἀπάτην χορηγῆσαι [τοῖς θεαταῖς, αὐλητήν ?], where he renders, ";il ne fit pas seulement ce qui était agréable, mais voulant en outre offrir une réjouissance aux spectateurs (il fit venir [un joueur de flûte?])."; It may be added that in P Petr III. 11.21 Ἀπάτη appears as a proper name, where (as in other cases) we may safely assume the ";Hellenistic"; meaning. But the word must have really covered both, like our verb ";beguile";; and ἀπατάω would tend to keep the older sense to the front. If it is derived from a root akin to our find (see Boisacq s. v.), it meant ";invention, discovery"; at the start, and was then turned in malam partem, to be partially reformed in later vernacular.
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