Bible Lexicons

αὐτός

(Cret. ἀϝτός GDI 4976, al.), αὐτή, αὐτό (also αὐτόν Leg.Gort. 3.4, al.), reflexive Pron., self: —

I in oblique cases used for the personal Pron., him, her, it: — with Art., ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (also ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same. I self, myself, thyself, etc., acc. to the person of the Verb: freq. joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (v. infr. 10),

1 one's true self, the soul, not the body, Od. 11.602; reversely, body, not soul, Il. 1.4; oneself, as opp. others who are less prominent, as king to subject, 6.18; Zeus to other gods, 8.4; bird to young, 2.317; man to wife and children, Od. 14.265; warrior to horses, Il. 2.466, or to weapons, 1.47; shepherd to herd, Od. 9.167, cf. Il. 1.51; Trojans to allies, 11.220; seamen to ships, 7.338: generally, whole to parts, ib. 474; so later ἡ σίδη καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰ φύλλα Thphr. HP 4.10.7, cf. X. Ath. 1.19, Pl. Grg. 511e, etc.; αὐτή τε Μανδάνη καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα X. Cyr. 1.3.1; αὐ. τε καὶ τὰ ποιήματα βουλόμενος ἐπιδεῖξαι Pl. R. 398a: abs., the Master, as in the Pythag. phrase Αὐτὸς ἔφα, Lat. Ipse dixit; so τίς οὗτος.. ; — Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Ar. Nu. 218; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν ib. 219; ἀνοιγέτω τις δώματ'· Αὐτὸς ἔρχεται the Master, Id. Fr. 268, cf. Pl. Prt. 314d, Thphr. Char. 2.4, Men. Sam. 41: αὐ. ἀϋτεῖ Theoc. 24.50: neut., αὐτὸ σημανεῖ the result will show, E. Ph. 623; αὐτὸ δηλώσει D. 19.157; αὐτὰ δηλοῖ Pl. Prt. 329b; αὐτὸ διδάξει ib. 324a; esp. αὐτὸ δείξει Cratin. 177, Pl. Hp.Ma. 288b, cf. Tht. 200e; in full, τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει τοὔργον S. Fr. 388; τοὔργον τάχ' αὐτὸ δείξει Ar. Lys. 375; redupl., αὐτός θ' ὁ χρήσας αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A. Eu. 798; of things, the very, ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, i.e. just, exactly under.., Il. 13.615; πρὸς αὐταῖς ταῖς θύραις close by the door, Lys. 12.12; αὐτὸ τὸ δέον the very thing needed, X. An. 4.7.7; αὐτὸ ὃ μάλιστα ἔδει ῥηθῆναι Pl. R. 362d; αὐτὸ τὸ περίορθρον the point of dawn, Th. 2.3; αὐτὰ τὰ ἐναντία the very opposite, X. Mem. 4.5.7; αὐτὰ τὰ χρήσιμα καὶ ἀναγκαῖα D.H. Th. 23; even, οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης Il. 6.451; εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν 2.597. — In these senses αὐτός in Prose either precedes both the Art. and Subst., or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱός or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Art. is sts. omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals, αὐτὸς Μένων X. An. 2.1.5; αὐτὸς βασιλεύς ib. 1.7.11.

2. of oneself, of one's own accord, ἀλλά τις αὐ. ἴτω Il. 17.254; σπεύδοντα καὶ αὐτὸν ὀτρύνεις 8.293; καταπαύσομεν· οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ παυέσθων Od. 2.168; ἥξει γὰρ αὐτά S. OT 341; also, in person, τῶν πραγμάτων ὑμῖν.. αὐτοῖς ἀντιληπτέον D. 1.2.

3. by oneself or itself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Il. 8.99; αὐτὸς ἐγείναο παῖδ', i.e. without a mother, 5.880, cf. Hes. Th. 924; ἀνακομισθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐς Φάληρον by himself, Hdt. 5.85; αὐτοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν we are by ourselves, i.e. among friends, Ar. Ach. 504, cf. Th. 472, Pl. Prm. 137b, Herod. 6.70, Plu. 2.755c, Luc. DDeor. 10.2; αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσι.. ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις X. An. 2.3.7; ἄνευ τοῦ σίτου τὸ ὄψον αὐτὸ ἐσθίειν Id. Mem. 3.14.3; τὸν τρίβωνα ὃν αὐτὸν φορεῖ Thphr. Char. 22.13 (prob.); αὐτὰ γὰρ ἔστιν ταῦτα these and no others, Emp. 21.13, al.: strengthd., αὐτὸς κτήσατο οἶος himself alone, Od. 14.450; αὐτὸς μόνος, v. μόνος II; αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτόν, v. ἑαυτοῦ.

4. in Philosophy, by or in itself, of an abstract concept or idea, δίκαιον αὐτό Pl. Phd. 65d; αὐτὸ τὸ ἕν Id. Prm. 143a, al., cf. Arist. Metaph. 997b8: neut., αὐτό is freq. in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders, οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεις Pl. R. 363a; less freq. with Art., τί ποτ' ἐστὶν αὐτὸ ἡ ἀρετή Id. Prt. 360e; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ οὔ; Id. Smp. 199d; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν the ideal, abstract brother, ibid.e: later, in compos., αὐτοαγαθόν, αὐτοάνθρωπος, etc. (q. v.), cf. Arist. Metaph. 1040b33; less freq. agreeing with the Subst., ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς ἀδικίαν αὐτὴν κριθείη Pl. R. 612c, etc.; doubled, ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος μανθάνειν αὐτήν τε αὐτήν, εἰ καλῶς εἴκασται its very self, Id. Cra. 439a.

5. in dat. with Subst., in one, together, ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, Il. 9.194; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet and all, 14.498, cf. Od. 13.118; αὐτῷ σὺν ἄγγει E. Ion 32, cf. Hipp. 1213; also without σύν, αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαι Il. 8.24: so freq. in Prose and Poetry, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι men and all, Hdt. 6.93; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies and all, A. Pr. 223 (lyr.); αὐτοῖς μελάθροις διακναιομένους E. Med. 164: with Art., αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν Hdt. 2.47; αὐτοῖσι τοῖς πόρπαξι Ar. Eq. 849, etc.; αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἵπποις κατακρημνισθῆναι X. Cyr. 1.4.7.

6. added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i. e. himself with four others, Th. 1.46, cf. 8.35, X. HG 2.2.17, Revelation 17:11, etc.: — αὐτός always being the chief person.

7. freq. coupled with οὗτος, τοῦτ' αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθέν Pl. Plt. 267c, etc.; αὐτὸ τοῦτο μόνον Id. Grg. 500b; also λεγόντων ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν.. αὐτὰ δὲ τάδε Th. 1.139; πόλεις ἄλλας τε καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ Βυζάντιον X. An. 7.1.27; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα.. Pl. Prt. 310e.

8. καὶ αὐτός himself too, Od. 7.73, 14.45, X. An. 5.5.9, etc.

9. repeated in apodosi for emphasis, αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν.. αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσεν Lys. 12.68, cf. A. Fr. 350, X. An. 3.2.4.

10. in connexion with the person. Pron., ἐγὼν αὐτός Od. 2.194; σέθεν αὐτοῦ Il. 23.312; νωΐτερον αὐτῶν 15.39 (always divisim in Hom.); folld. by an enclit. Pron., αὐτόν μιν Od. 4.244; so αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ Προμηθέως A. Pr. 86; also αὐτὸς ἔγωγε Pl. Phd. 59b, etc.: — after Hom. in the oblique cases αὐτός coalesces with the Pron., ἐμαυτοῦ, σεαυτοῦ (these not in Alc. or Sapph., A.D. Pron. 80.10 sqq.), ἑαυτοῦ, etc. (q. v.). with person. Pron. omitted, αὐτός.. ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός, Il. 13.252; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν, 24.503; αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσιν Od. 10.27; in 2.33 οἱ αὐτῷ is simply a strengthd. form of οἱ; and so in Att., when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτός generally precedes the person. Pron., cf. X. Cyr. 6.2.25 with 6.1.14. with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness, αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτοῦ A. Th. 406; αὐτοὶ ὑφ' αὑτῶν ib. 194; αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτούς X. Mem. 3.5.4; αὐτὸ καθ' αὑτό Pl. Tht. 201e; sts. between the Art. and reflex. Pron., τοῖς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πήμασιν βαρύνεται A. Ag. 836, cf. Pr. 762; τούς γ' αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πολεμίους S. Aj. 1132: also κατ' αὐτὺ (Boeot. for αὐτοὶ) αὐτῶν IG 7.3172.121 (Orchom. Boeot.). αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possess. Pron., πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ' ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ Il. 6.446; θρῆνον.. ἐμὸν τὸν αὐτῆς A. Ag. 1323; ἐχθρὸς ὢν τοῖς σοῖσιν αὐτοῦ S. OT 416; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ ib. 1248; αὐτῶν σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν Od. 1.7; τοῖς ἡμετέροις αὐτῶν φίλοις X. An. 7.1.29. αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with Comp. and Sup. Adj., αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστερος Hdt. 2.25; τῇ εὐρυτάτη ἐστὶ αὐτὴ ἑωυτῆς Id. 1.203.

11. αὐτός for ὁ αὐτός, the same, Il. 12.225, Od. 8.107, 16.138, Pi. N. 5.1 (never in Trag.), and in later Prose, αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις IG 14.966 (ii A. D.), cf. Luke 23:12.

12. Comp. αὐτότερος Epich. 5: Sup. αὐτότατος his very self, Ar. Pl. 83: neut. pl. αὐτότατα dub. in Phld. Piet. 80. Adv., Comp. αὐτοτέρως Gal. 18(2).431.

II he, she, it, for the simple Pron. of 3 pers., only in oblique cases (exc. in later Gk., Luke 4:15, etc.), and rarely first in a sentence, Pl. La. 194e, and later, Ephesians 2:10, etc.: rare in , Il. 12.204 (where Hdn. treated it as enclitic), and mostly emphatic, ib. 14.457, Od. 16.388; so in Trag., E. Hel. 421: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence, ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα.. οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαι X. An. 2.4.7; πειράσομαι τῷ πάππῳ.. συμμαχεῖν αὐτῷ Id. Cyr. 1.3.15; ἄνδρα δὴ.. εἰ ἀφίκοιτο εἰς τὴν πόλιν, προσκυνοῖμεν ἂν αὐτόν Pl. R. 398a; after a Relative, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται.. ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ Il. 1.218; οὓς μὴ εὕρισκον, κενοτάφιον αὐτοῖς ἐποίησαν X. An. 6. 4.9, cf. 1.9.29; esp. where a second Verb requires a change of case in the Pron., οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι.. ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναι Id. An. 2.5.27; ἐκεῖνοι οἷς οὐκ ἐχαρίζονθ' οἱ λέγοντες οὐδ' ἐφίλουν αὐτούς D. 3.24; in subdivisions, ὅσοι.. οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν.. X. Cyr. 1.1.1, cf. Pl. Chrm. 168e; later, pleonastically after a Relative, ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶν Call. Epigr. 43, cf. Luke 3:16, Revelation 7:2, etc.: in S. Ph. 316 αὐτοῖς is emphatic 'in their own persons'.

III with Art. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and Att. contr. αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre, cf. S. OT 734 with 325, and in Prose to avoid hiatus): gen. ταὐτοῦ, dat. ταὐτῷ, pl. neut. ταὐτά; Ion. ὡυτός, τὠυτό: —

1. the very one, the same, rare in Hom., Il. 6.391, Od. 7.55, 326; ὁ αὐ. εἰμι τῇ γνώμῃ Th. 3.38, cf. 5.75; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐ. αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερον Id. 1.79: c. dat., to denote sameness or agreement, esp. in Prose, τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομεν Hdt. 4.119; τὸν αὐτὸν χῶρον ἐκλιπὼν ἐμοί A. Ch. 543; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ the same as the stone, Pl. Euthd. 298a; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be in the place with.., X. An. 3.1.27; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person meet one, ib. 30, cf. A. Ch. 210; κατὰ ταὐτὰ τῷ Νείλῳ Hdt. 2.20; τῇ αὐτῇ.. καί Id. 4.109; τὴν αὐτὴν διάνοιαν καὶ κατ' ἐκείνην ἡλικίαν Isoc. 5.83; ὁ αὐτός.. ὥσπερ Pl. Phd. 86a; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἀλλήλοις face to face, Jul. Or. 2.5a0.

2. in later Greek, the said, the above-named, Ἡρώδης ὁ αὐ. PLille 23.8 (iii B. C.), etc. Adverbial phrases:

1 αὐτὸ μόνον simply, merely, Ph. 2.252, etc.; αὐ. μόνον ἐργάτης Luc. Somn. 9; αὐ. μόνον τὸ ὄνομα τῆς φωνῆς A.D. Synt. 22.20.

2. αὐτό as Adv., = ἄρτι, Epigr.Gr. 540.1 (Thrace).

3. αὐτὸ τοῦτο as Adv., PGrenf. 1.114 (ii B. C.), 2 Peter 1:5; τῆς αὐτὸ τοῦτο κινουμένης σφαίρας Iamb. Comm.Math. 17.

4. with Preps., ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό added together, making a total, PLond. 2.196.37 (ii A. D.); κατὰ τὸ αὐτό together, at the same time, Acts 14:1, etc.; but κατ' αὐτό just then, Hdn. 1.12.3.

In Compos.:

1 of or by oneself, self-.., as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτογνώμων, αὐτόματος: and so, independently, as in αὐτοκράτωρ, αὐτόνομος.

2. hence, as a second self, very.., bodily, as with proper names, Αὐτοθαΐς.

3. in the abstract, the ideal, v. supr. 1.4.

4. precisely, as in αὐτόδεκα.

5. rarely with reflex. sense of ἀλλήλων, as in αὐτοκτονέω.

6. in one piece with, together with, as in αὐτόκωπος, αὐτοχείλης, αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος.

7. by itself: hence, only, as in αὐτόξυλος, αὐτόποκος. — For αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶς, etc., v. the respective Arts.