Bible Lexicons

στρᾰτηγ-ός, ὁ

(the fem. in Ar. Ec. 491, 500 is merely comic), Arc. and Dor. στρᾰτᾱγός IG 5(2).6.9 (Tegea, iv B.C. ), SIG 597 B (Thermum, iii B.C. ), etc.; Aeol. στρότᾱγος IG 12 (2).6.7 (Mytil.), 11(2).1064b27 ( Delos ): —

leader or commander of an army, general, Archil. 58.1, A. Th. 816, Arist. Ath. 22.3, etc.; ἀνὴρ ς . A. Ag. 1627, Pl. Ion 540d; opp. ναύαρχος (admiral), S. Aj. 1232 (v. infr. 11.1 ).

2. generally, commander, governor, πόλει κήρυγμα θεῖναι τὸν ς . Id. Ant. 8, cf. Arist. Mu. 398a29 .

3. c. gen., στρατηγοὶ τοῦ πεζοῦ Hdt. 7.83; τῶν παραθαλασσίων Id. 5.25, etc.; Ἀχαιῶν S. Aj. l.c.; στρατεύματος X. An. 1.7.12 .

4. metaph., παραλαβὼν . . οἶνον ς . Antiph. 18; στρατηγοὶ κυνηγεσίων masters of hounds, Arist. Mu. 398a24; so strategum te facio huic convivio, Plaut. Stich. 702.

II at Athens, the title of 10 officers elected by yearly vote to command the army and navy, and conduct the war-department at home, commanders in chief and ministers of war, Hdt. 6.109, Th. 1.61, 4.2, Arist. Ath. 26.1, 44.4, 61.1, D. 4.25; οἱ ς. οἱ εἰς Σικελίαν And. 1.11, cf. IG 12.302.46, al.; ς. εἵλοντο δέκα X. HG 1.5.16, cf. Eup. 117.4, pl.Com. 185, etc.; τῷ ς. τῷ ἐπὶ τὰς συμμορίας ᾑρημένῳ IG 22.1629.209; when distd. from ναύαρχος and ἵππαρχος, the στρατηγός is commander of the infantry, Decr. ap. D. 18.184, Arist. Ath. 4.2; χειροτονηθεὶς ς. ἐπὶ τὸ ναυτικόν, ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα, IG 22.682.5,31; ἐπὶ τὴν παρασκευήν ib.22; ἐπὶ τὴν χώραν ib.24.

2. also of chief magistrates of the cities of Asia Minor, Hdt. 5.38; of many other Greek states, IG 5(2) l.c. (Tegea, iv B.C. ), 12(9).191 A 44 (Eretria, iv B.C. ), OGI 329.42 (Aegina, ii B.C. ), Timae. 114, Plb. 2.43.1, etc.

3. in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, military and civil governor of a nome, PEnteux. 1.12, al. (iii B.C.), PCair.Zen. 351.4 (iii B.C.), BGU 1730.11 (i B.C.), OGI 184.3 (Philae, i B.C. ), Wilcken Chr. 41 ii 6 (iii A.D.), 43.1 (iv A.D.); also in other parts of the Ptolemaic empire, e.g. at Calynda in Caria, PCair.Zen. 341 ( a ). 20 (iii B.C.); in Cyprus, OGI 84 (iii B.C.); ὁ ς. τῆς Ἰνδικῆς καὶ Ἐρυθρᾶς θαλάσσης ib. 186 (Philae, i B.C. ); in the Attalid empire, ib.267.13 (Pergam., iii B.C. ), al.; ς. τῆς πόλεως at Alexandria, BGU 729.1 (ii A.D.); at Ptolemais, OGI 743 = Raccolta Lumbroso 299 (i B.C.), Sammelb. 7027 (ii A.D.) .

4. ς. ὕπατος consul, IG 5(1).1165 (Gythium, ii B.C. ), 9(2).338 (Cyretiae, ii B.C. ), 42(1).306 D (Epid., ii B.C. ), Plb. 1.52.5; also ς . alone, Id. 1.7.12, al., SIG 685.20 (Crete, ii B.C. ), and ὕπατος alone, v. ὕπατος; ς. ἀνθύπατος proconsul, ib.826 I 1 (Delph., ii B.C. ), 745.2 (Rhodes, i B.C. ); ἑξαπέλεκυς ς . praetor, Plb. 3.106.6; used of the praetor urbanus, Id. 33.1.5; called ς. κατὰ πόλιν IG 14.951 (i B.C.), etc.; ς . alone, = praetor, D.H. 2.6, Arr. Epict. 2.1.26: also of the duumviri or chief magistrates of Roman colonies, as of Philippi, Acts 16:20 : later of the Comes Orientis, Lib. Or. 56.21 .

5. an officer who had the custody of the Temple at Jerusalem, ὁ ς. τοῦ ἱεροῦ Ev.Luke 22:52, Acts 4:1, J. BJ 6.5.3 .

6. νυκτερινὸς ς . superintendent of police at Alexandria, Str. 17.1.12 .

7. = φαλαγγάρχης (q.v.), Arr. Tact. 10.7, Ael. Tact. 9.8 .

στρατηγός, στρατηγοῦ, ὁ (στρατός and ἄγω), from Herodotus down, the Sept. chiefly for סֶגֶן (only plural סְגָנִים);

1. the commander of an army.

2. in the N. T. a civic commander, a governor (the name of the duumviri or highest magistrates in the municipia and colonies; they had the power of administering justice in the less important cases; οἱ τῆς πόλεως στρατηγοί, Artemidorus Daldianus, oneir. 4, 49; of civil magistrates as early as Herodotus 5, 38; (see references in Meyer on Acts 16:20; Liddell and Scott, under the word, II. 2f; cf. Farrar, St. Paul, i., excurs. xvi.)): plural (R. V. magistrates (after A. V.), with marginal reading Gr. praetors), Acts 16:20, 22, 35f (38).

3. στρατηγός τοῦ ἱεροῦ, 'captain of the temple' (A. V.), i. e. the commander of the Levites who kept guard in and around the temple (Josephus, Antiquities 20, 6, 2; (B. D., under the word , 3; Edersheim, The Temple etc., chapter vii., 2 edition, p. 119f)): Acts 4:1; Acts 5:24; plural Luke 22:52; simply (A. V. captain), Acts 5:26; Luke 22:4.

στρατηγός , -οῦ , ὁ

(< στραός , ἄγω ),

[in LXX chiefly for H5461 (always in pl.), H8269;]

1. a military commander, a general (Hdt., al.).

2. A civic commander, a governor, magistrate (Hdt., Xen., al.): Acts 16:20; Acts 16:22; Acts 16:35-36; Acts 16:38.

3. The commander of the Levitical guard of the Temple, ὁ σ . τ . ἱεροῦ (EV, captain of the Temple): Acts 4:1; Acts 5:24; Acts 5:26; pl., Luke 22:4; Luke 22:52.†

SYN.: ἄρχων G758 (cf. EGT on Acts 16:20; Ramsay, St. Paul, 217).

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