出埃及记 1:14

Chinese NCV (Simplified)

埃及人使他們因作苦工而覺得命苦，他們要和泥、做磚、作田間各樣的工；這一切苦工，埃及人都嚴嚴地驅使以色列人去作。

Parallel Translations

Chinese Union (Simplified)
使 他 们 因 做 苦 工 觉 得 命 苦 ； 无 论 是 和 泥 ， 是 作 砖 ， 是 作 田 间 各 样 的 工 ， 在 一 切 的 工 上 都 严 严 的 待 他 们 。

Contextual Overview

⁸ Then a new king began to rule Egypt, who did not know who Joseph was. ⁹ This king said to his people, "Look! The people of Israel are too many and too strong for us to handle! ¹⁰ If we don't make plans against them, the number of their people will grow even more. Then if there is a war, they might join our enemies and fight us and escape from the country!" ¹¹ So the Egyptians made life hard for the Israelites. They put slave masters over them, who forced the Israelites to build the cities Pithom and Rameses as supply centers for the king. ¹² But the harder the Egyptians forced the Israelites to work, the more the Israelites grew in number and spread out. So the Egyptians became very afraid of them ¹³ and demanded even more of them. ¹⁴ They made their lives bitter. They forced the Israelites to work hard to make bricks and mortar and to do all kinds of work in the fields. The Egyptians were not merciful to them in all their painful work.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

their lives: Exodus 2:23, Exodus 6:9, Genesis 15:13, Numbers 20:15, Deuteronomy 4:20, Deuteronomy 26:6, Ruth 1:20, Acts 7:19, Acts 7:34

in mortar: Psalms 68:13, Psalms 81:6, Nahum 3:14

was with rigour: Exodus 1:13, Exodus 5:7-21, Exodus 20:2, Leviticus 25:43, Leviticus 25:46, Leviticus 25:53, Isaiah 14:6, Isaiah 51:23, Isaiah 52:5, Isaiah 58:6, Jeremiah 50:33, Jeremiah 50:34, Micah 3:3

Reciprocal: Genesis 11:3 - brick Exodus 3:9 - and I have Exodus 12:8 - with bitter Leviticus 25:39 - compel him to serve as 2 Samuel 7:10 - as beforetime 1 Kings 12:11 - I will add 1 Chronicles 17:9 - as at the 1 Chronicles 20:3 - with saws 2 Chronicles 10:4 - grievous 2 Chronicles 10:11 - I will put Job 24:12 - groan Psalms 107:39 - oppression Proverbs 28:15 - so Ecclesiastes 4:1 - and considered Isaiah 30:6 - into the land Jeremiah 43:9 - in the brickkiln Ezekiel 34:4 - but with John 8:33 - and were Revelation 11:8 - Egypt

Cross-References

Genesis 1:1
In the beginning God created the sky and the earth.

Genesis 1:2
The earth was empty and had no form. Darkness covered the ocean, and God's Spirit was moving over the water.

Genesis 1:3
Then God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.

Genesis 1:4
God saw that the light was good, so he divided the light from the darkness.

Genesis 1:6
Then God said, "Let there be something to divide the water in two."

Genesis 1:7
So God made the air and placed some of the water above the air and some below it.

Genesis 1:8
God named the air "sky." Evening passed, and morning came. This was the second day.

Genesis 1:9
Then God said, "Let the water under the sky be gathered together so the dry land will appear." And it happened.

Genesis 1:12
The earth produced plants with grain for seeds and trees that made fruits with seeds in them. Each seed grew its own kind of plant. God saw that all this was good.

Genesis 1:14
Then God said, "Let there be lights in the sky to separate day from night. These lights will be used for signs, seasons, days, and years.

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage,.... So that they had no ease of body nor peace of mind; they had no comfort of life, their lives and mercies were embittered to them:

in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service of the field; if Pelusium was one of the cities they built, that had its name from clay, the soil about it being clayish, and where the Israelites might be employed in making brick for the building of that and other cities: Josephus d says, they were ordered to part the river (Nile) into many canals, to build walls about cities, and raise up mounds, lest the water overflowing the banks should stagnate; and to build pyramids, obliging them to learn various arts, and inure themselves to labour: so Philo the Jew says e, some worked in the clay, forming it into bricks, and others in carrying straw: some were appointed to build private houses, others the walls of cities, and to cut ditches and canals in the river, and obliged day and night to carry burdens, so that they had no rest, nor were they suffered to refresh themselves with sleep; and some say that they were not only employed in the fields in ploughing and sowing and the like, but in carrying of dung thither, and all manner of uncleanness: of their being employed in building of pyramids and canals, :-

all their service wherein they made them serve was with rigour; they not only put them to hard work, but used them in a very churlish and barbarous manner, abusing them with their tongues, and beating them with their hands: Philo in the above place says, the king not only compelled them to servile works, but commanded them heavier things than they could bear, heaping labours one upon another; and if any, through weakness, withdrew himself, it was judged a capital crime, and the most merciless and cruel were set over them as taskmasters.

d Antiqu. l. 2. c. 9. sect. 1. e De Vita Mosis, l. 1. p. 608.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The use of brick, at all times common in Egypt, was especially so under the 18th Dynasty. An exact representation of the whole process of brickmaking is given in a small temple at Thebes, erected by Tothmosis III, the fourth in descent from Amosis. Immense masses of brick are found at Belbeis, the modern capital of Sharkiya, i. e. Goshen, and in the adjoining district.

All manner of service in the field - Not merely agricultural labor, but probably the digging of canals and processes of irrigation which are peculiarly onerous and unhealthy.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Exodus 1:14. They made their lives bitter — So that they became weary of life, through the severity of their servitude.

With hard bondage — בעבדה קשה baabodah kashah, with grievous servitude. This was the general character of their life in Egypt; it was a life of the most painful servitude, oppressive enough in itself, but made much more so by the cruel manner of their treatment while performing their tasks.

In mortar, and in brick — First, in digging the clay, kneading, and preparing it, and secondly, forming it into bricks, drying them in the sun, c.

Service in the field — Carrying these materials to the places where they were to be formed into buildings, and serving the builders while employed in those public works. Josephus says "The Egyptians contrived a variety of ways to afflict the Israelites for they enjoined them to cut a great number of channels for the river, and to build walls for their cities and ramparts, that they might restrain the river, and hinder its waters from stagnating upon its overrunning its own banks; they set them also to build pyramids, (πυραμιδας τε ανοικοδομουντες,) and wore them out, and forced them to learn all sorts of mechanic arts, and to accustom themselves to hard labour." - Antiq., lib. ii., cap. ix., sec. 1. Philo bears nearly the same testimony, p. 86, Edit. Mangey.