the Week of Proper 22 / Ordinary 27
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #5011 - ταπεινός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- not rising far from the ground
- metaph.
- as a condition, lowly, of low degree
- brought low with grief, depressed
- lowly in spirit, humble
- in a bad sense, deporting one's self abjectly, deferring servilely to others
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τᾰπεινός, ή, όν,
low:
1 of Place, low-lying, χώρη Hdt. 4.191, cf. Arist. Mete. 352b32 (Comp.); νῆσος D.S. 3.21; ταπεινὰ νέμεσθαι to live in low regions, Pi. N. 3.82; τ. ἕζεσθαι E. Or. 1411 (lyr.); ἡ μαῖα καθεζέσθω -οτέρα Sor. 1.70a, cf. 2.61; of stature or size, low, ὀστᾶ X. Eq. 1.4; τροχοί ib. 10.6; of position in the body, τὰ τ. τοῦ θώρακος Gal. 15.531; of a river, low, opp. μέγας, Plb. 9.43.3; of stars, low, i.e. near the horizon, Cleom. 1.5, al.; but also, near the earth, Id. 2.5; of the sun, opp. ὑψηλός, Diog.Oen. 8; λοξὸς καὶ τ. Gal. 15.87.
2. of persons, humbled, abased in power, pride, etc., Hdt. 7.14; σὺ δ' οὐδέπω τ. A. Pr. 322, cf. 908; τ. παρέχειν τινά X. An. 2.5.13; τά τοι μέγιστα πολλάκις θεὸς ταπείν' ἔθηκε E. Fr. 716, cf. Hec. 245, Andr. 979; submissive, X. Hier. 5.4 (Comp.), etc.; αἱ τ. τῶν πόλεων small, poor, weak, Isoc. 4.95, cf. 7.7, X. Cyr. 7.5.69 (Sup.); τ. δύναμις D. 4.23; of low intelligence, αἱ τῶν ἀσυνέτων καὶ τ. ἀνθρώπων ψυχαί Gal. 19.220; τὴν μικρὰν καὶ τ. [ἰατρικὴν θεωρίαν] ὁ Ἱπποκράτης ηὔξησεν Id. 16.550. Adv., ταπεινῶς (or ταπεινὰ) πράττειν to be in low estate or obscurity, Isoc. 5.64, Plu. Thes. 6; -νῶς ζῆν Philem. 227; ὁμιλεῖν Arist. Pol. 1313b41.
3. of the spirits, downcast, dejected, διάνοια Th. 2.61; τ. καὶ ἔρημοι συνεκάθηντο X. HG 2.4.23, cf. 6.4.16.
4. in moral sense, either bad, mean, base, abject, τ. καὶ ἀνελεύθερος Pl. Lg. 791d, cf. X. Mem. 3.10.5, Isoc. 2.34, etc.; or good, lowly, humble, Pl. Lg. 716a, X. Cyr. 5.1.5, freq. in NT, Matthew 11:29; , al.
5. of things, mean, low, poor, τ. καὶ ἄπορος δίαιτα Pl. Lg. 762e, cf. Phld. Oec. p.48 J.: Sup., -οτάτη περίστασις Id. Vit. p.26 J.; θεωρία -οτέρα, opp. τιμιωτέρα, Arist. PA 639a1; of style, low, poor, τ. λέξις, opp. κεκοσμημένη, Id. Rh. 1404b6. Adv., -νῶς λέγειν in a submissive manner, ib. 1408a19.
ταπεινός, ταπεινή ταπεινόν, from (Pindar), Aeschylus, Herodotus down, the Sept. for עָנִי, עָנָו, שָׁפָל, etc., low, i. e.
a. properly, not rising far from the ground: Ezekiel 17:24.
b. metaphorically, α. as to condition, lowly, of low degree: with a substantive, James 1:9; substantively οἱ ταπεινοί, opposed to δυνάσται, Luke 1:52; equivalent to brought low with grief, depressed (Sir. 25:23), 2 Corinthians 7:6. Neuter τά ταπεινά, Romans 12:16 (on which see συναπάγω, at the end). β. lowly in spirit, humble: opposed to ὑπερήφανος, James 4:6; 1 Peter 5:5 (from Proverbs 3:34); with τῇ καρδία added, Matthew 11:29 (τῷ πνεύματι, Psalm 33:19
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ταπεινός , -ή , -όν ,
[in LXX for H8217, H6041, etc.;]
low-lying; metaph.,
(a) lowly, of low degree, brought low: James 1:9, 2 Corinthians 7:6 (cf. Sirach 25:23); οἱ τ ., opp. to δυνάσται , Luke 1:52; τ . ταπεινοῖς (neut., R, txt.; masc., R, mg.; v. ICC, in l), Romans 12:16;
(b) lowly in spirit, humble, in cl. usually in a slighting sense (v. Tr., Syn., § xlii; but v. also Abbott, Essays, 81), in NT in an honourable sense: 2 Corinthians 10:1; seq. τ . καρδίᾳ , Matthew 11:29 (cf. Psalms 34:19); opp. to ὑπερήφανος , James 4:6, 1 Peter 5:5 (LXX).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";have courage,"; ";am bold"; : P Par 22.16 (B.C. 165) (= UPZ i. p. 193) μέχρι τοῦ νῦν οὐ τετόλμηκεν αὐτὸν ἡ Νέφορις θάψαι, BGU IV. 1209.16 (B.C. 23) ἵνα π ̣ρὸς μὲν κατάπληξιν τῶν τολμησάντων ἔχωμεν α [ὐτο ]ὺς ἑτοίμους πρὸς ἐντυχίαν, P Ryl II. 144.20 (A.D. 38) ἐτόλμησεν πθόνους (l. φθόνου) μοι ἐπαγαγεῖν αἰτίας τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, ";moreover he had the audacity to bring baseless accusations of malice against me"; (Edd.), P Oxy VIII. 1120.15 (early iii/A.D.) εἰσεπήδησεν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν μου καὶ ἐτόλμησεν ἀποσπάσαι δούλην μου, ";rushed into my house and dared to carry off my slave"; (Ed.), ib. IX. 1204.20 (A.D. 299) τις Ὀξυρυγχείτης. . . ὁρμώμενος τετόλμηκεν αὐτὸν ὀνομάζειν εἰς δεκαπρωτείαν, ";an Oxyrhynchite made a design upon him and ventured to nominate him for the decemprimate"; (Ed.), and BGU III. 909.18 (A.D. 359) ἐπὶ τοίνυν οὐχ ὀλίγ [α ] ἐστὶν τὰ τολμηθέντα ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν κατ᾽ ἐμοῦ.
On τολμάω in the sense of ";take courage,"; as in Mark 15:43, see the exx. in Field Notes, p. 155, and for the meaning ";submit to,"; as in Romans 5:7, see ib. p. 44. For the form τορμάω cf. BGU III. 948.7 (iv/v A.D.) οὐκ ἐτόρμηκας ἐμοὶ γράψεν (= -ειν), also 9, 11 (see Mayser Gr. i. p. 188).
For the subst. τόλμη see P Oxy VIII. 1119.8 (A.D. 254) ὑφηγησάμενοι τὴν τόλμαν καὶ τὴν παρανομίαν, ";recounting the audacity and the illegality"; of a certain official, and for τόλμημα see ib. 1106.7 (vi/A.D.) ἀποσχέσθαι τοῦ τοιούτου τολμήματος, ";to abstain from any such outrage"; (Ed.).
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