the Week of Proper 26 / Ordinary 31
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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4129 - πληθύνω
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- to increase, to multiply
- to be increased, (be multiplied) multiply
- to be increased, to multiply
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πληθ-ύνω,
fut. -ῠνῶ 2 Corinthians 9:10 : aor. ἐπλήθυνα Dam. Pr. 99: —
causal of πληθύω, increase, multiply, LXX Genesis 17:2, al., Ph. 1.496, 2Cor. l.c., Ep.Hebrews 6:14 : — Pass., ταῖς γυναιξὶ τὸ γάλα πληθύνεται abounds, Arist. HA 587b20 .
2. make multiple, 'plurify', κατὰ ἀναλογίαν [τὸ ἡνωμένον] ἐπληθύναμεν τῶν κατωτέρω πεπληθυσμένων τὸν πρῶτον πληθυσμόν Dam.l.c.; θεοὶ -όμενοι μὲν ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ, περὶ αὐτὸν δὲ ἑνοειδῶς ὄντες Jul. Or. 4.143b, cf. Or. 7.222a .
3. intr., v. cross πληθύω 11 .
4. use the plural, Sch. Il. Oxy. 1087.34.
II Pass., to be in the majority, prevail, δήμου . . χεὶρ ὅπῃ πληθύνεται (cod. Med. πληθύεται ) A. Supp. 604: c. inf., ταύτην ἐπαινεῖν . . πληθύνομαι I follow the majority, Id. Ag. 1370: pf. πεπλήθυνται LXX Genesis 18:20 .
2. Gramm., [ τὸ ἀπαρέμφατον] οὐ πληθύνεται the infinitive has no plural, A.D. Synt. 31.25 .
πληθύνω; future πληθύνω; 1 aorist optative 3 person singular πληθῦναι (2 Corinthians 9:10 Rec.); passive, imperfect ἐπληθυνομην; 1 aorist ἐπληθυνθην; (from πληθύς fullness); Aeschyl, Aristotle, Herodian, Geoponica; the Sept. very often for רָבָה, רִבָּה, הִרְבָּה, sometimes for רָבַב;
1. transitive, to increase, to multiply: 2 Corinthians 9:10; Hebrews 6:14 (from Genesis 22:17); passive, to be increased (be multiplied) multiply: Matthew 24:12; Acts 6:7; Acts 7:17; Acts 9:31; Acts 12:24; τίνι (A. V. be multiplied to one i. e.) be richly allotted to, 1 Peter 1:2; 2 Peter 1:2; Jude 1:2 (Daniel 3:31 (
2. intransitive, to be increased, to multiply: Acts 6:1.
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πληθύνω
(causal of πληθύω , to be full, <πληθύς , Ion. for πλῆθος ),
[in LXX chiefly for H7235 hi.;]
1. trans., to increase, multiply: 2 Corinthians 9:10; 2 Corinthians 6:14 (LXX); pass., to be increased, to multiply: Matthew 24:12, Acts 6:7; Acts 7:17; Acts 9:31; Acts 12:24; c. dat. pers. (Da LXX TH 3:31(98) al.), 1 Peter 1:2, 2 Peter 1:2, Judges 1:2.
2. Intrans., to be increased, to multiply: Acts 6:1.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
(1) For the ordinary meaning, ";an action,"; ";a deed,"; cf. P Oxy VI. 938.2 (iii/iv A.D.) οὐκ ἀκόλουθον πρᾶγμα ἐποίησας ἐνεδρεύσας τὰς τροφὰς τῶν κτηνῶν, ";it was an unfitting act of yours to intercept the fodder for the oxen"; (Edd.), and ib. XII. 1477.10 (question to an oracle—iii/iv A.D.) εἶ κερδαίνω ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματ [ος; ";am I to profit by the transaction?"; (Edd.). The vaguer meaning ";an affair,"; ";a matter,"; is seen in P Ryl II. 153.11 (A.D. 138–161) ὑπηρετήσας πράγμασι ἡμῶν, ";having been of service in our affairs,"; P Oxy IX. 1215.3 (illiterate—(ii/iii A.D.) καλῶς πυήσις ἐλθὼν πρὸς αἰμαὶ ἄχρι τὰ πράγματα καταστάλῃ, ";please come to me until matters are arranged"; (Ed.), and ib. XII. 1489.7 (late iii/A.D.) οὐκ ἔχεις πρᾶγμα, ";it is not your affair.";
(2) The noun is common in the papyri = ";lawsuit,"; as in 1 Corinthians 6:1, e.g. BGU I. 22.9 (A.D. 114) ἁπλῶς μηδὲν ἔχουσα πρᾶγμα πρὸς ἐμέ, P Ryl II. 76.14 (late ii/A.D.) λεγομένου τοῦ [π ]ράγματος, ";when the case is argued,"; ib. 113.13 (A.D. 133) μὴ ἔχοντας πᾶν πρᾶγμα πρὸς ἐμέ, ";not having any case against me,"; and P Strass I. 41.38 (an action regarding inheritance—A.D. 250) ὡς πρεσβύτης καὶ πίστεως ἄξιος εἰπὲ ἃ οἶδας ἐν τῷ πρά [γματ ]ι ̣, ";as an old man and worthy of credit, say what you know in the matter.";
(3) It is used in the weaker sense of ";trouble,"; ";difficulty"; generally in P Oxy IV. 743.19 (B.C. 2) εἰ καὶ π [ρ ]ὸς ἄλλους εἶχον πρᾶγμα βοηθὸν αὐτοῦ γ [ε ]νέσθαι διὰ ἣν ἔχομ ̣ε ̣(ν) πρὸς ἑατοὺς φιλίαν, ";for although I (?) have had trouble with others you must assist him for the sake of our friendship"; (Edd.), and ib. III. 525.4 (early ii/A.D.) where, wilh reference to a troublesome voyage, the writer exclaims—λείαν τῷ πράγματι καταξύομαι, ";I am extremely worn out with the matter"; (Edd.) : cf. P Magd 37 + 11.6 (iii/B.C.) (= Archiv iv. p. 56) σχόντες πολλὰ πράγματα.
(4) An interesting ex. of πρᾶγμα = ";business,"; ";trade,"; is afforded by an inscr. on a sanctuary-temple in Theadelphia, Chrest. I. 70.1 (B.C. 57–6) ἄσυλον κατὰ πρόσταγμα, ᾧ μὴ πρᾶγμα, where the last clause must mean that within the boundaries of the temple all ";business"; ceases (see Wilcken’s note ad l.). It is very doubtful, however, whether this meaning can be carried into ἐν τῷ πράγματι in 1 Thessalonians 4:6 (Vg in negotio, Luther im Handel) : the reference would appear rather to be to ";the matter on hand,"; viz. sins of the flesh (see Milligan ad l.).
For a possible instance of πρᾶγμα = ";exaction,"; ";recovery,"; like πρᾶξις, see P Lond V. 1732.7 (A.D. 586?) with the editor’s note. In MGr by a regular disappearance of γ before μ, the word becomes πρᾶμα, πρᾶμμα (Thumb Handb. p. 21).
[Supplemental from 1930 edition]
Dr. H. I. Bell refers us to the semi-prepositional use of πρᾶγμα in conjunction with εἰ μή in P Lond IV. 1348.3 (A.D. 710) εἰ μὴ τὸ πρᾶγμα τῶ [ν = (practically) ἄνευ τῶν.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.