Bible Lexicons

ἀν -οίγω

(ἀνά , οἴγω = οἴγνυμι ),

[in LXX chiefly for H6605;]

to open;

1. trans., c. acc; a door or gate, Acts 5:19; Acts 12:14, Revelation 4:1; pass., Acts 12:10; Acts 16:26-27; metaph. of opportunity or welcome, Acts 14:27, Colossians 4:3, Revelation 3:20; pass., 1 Corinthians 16:9, 2 Corinthians 2:12, Revelation 3:8; absol. (sc. θύραν ), Acts 5:23; Acts 12:16; c. dat. pers., Luke 12:36, John 10:3; metaph., Matthew 7:7-8; Matthew 25:11, Luke 11:9-10; Luke 13:25, Revelation 3:7; θησαυρούς (Sirach 43:14), Matthew 2:11; τ . μνημεῖα , Matthew 27:52; τάφος , Romans 3:13; τ . φρέαρ , Revelation 9:2; of heaven, Matthew 3:16, Luke 3:21, Acts 10:11, Revelation 11:19; Revelation 15:5; Revelation 19:11; σφραγῖδα , Revelation 5:9; Revelation 6:1 ff. Revelation 8:1; βιβλίον , βιβλαρίδιον , Luke 4:17, Revelation 5:2-5; Revelation 10:2; Revelation 10:8; Revelation 20:12; τ . στόμα , Matthew 17:27; id. Hebraistically (Numbers 22:28, Job 3:1, Isaiah 50:5, al.), of beginning to speak, Matthew 5:2, Acts 8:32; Acts 8:35; Acts 10:34; Acts 18:14; seq. εἰς βλαιφημίας , Revelation 13:6; ἐν παραβολαῖς (Psalms 78:2), Matthew 13:35; of recovering speech, Luke 1:64; of the earth opening, Revelation 12:16; τ . ὀφθαλμούς , Acts 9:8; Acts 9:40; id. c. gen. pers., of restoring sight, Matthew 9:30; Matthew 20:33, John 9:10 ff. John 10:21; John 11:37; metaph., Acts 26:18; ἀκοάς , c. gen. pers., of restoring hearing, Mark 7:35.

2. Intrans. in 2 pf., ἀνέῳγα (M, Pr., 154); heaven, John 1:51; τ . στόμα , seq. πρός , of speaking freely, 2 Corinthians 6:11 (cf. δι -ανοίγω and v. MM, VGT, 45).†

That ancient scribes were almost capable of sympathy with modern school-boys in writing the augmented forms of this intractable verb is shown by frequent misspellings in late papyri : thus PSI II. 132.9 (iii/A.D.) ἀνῷχθαι. From Ptolemaic papyri we have the regular forms ἠνώιξαμεν P Petr II. 37 1 a.12, and ἀνεωιγμένον ib. 2 a. 5, also ἀνοῖξαι ib. III. p. 133. The phrase of Matthew 2:11 is nearly paralleled in Syll 601.32 (iii/B.C.) ἀνοιγόντων δὲ οἱ ἐξετασταὶ κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτὴν (l. -τὸν) τὸν θησαυρόν : so ib. 653.93 (the Andania ";Mysteries"; inscr., in dialect—B.C. 91), 587.302 (B.C. 329–8) τῶι τοὺς θησαυροὺς ἀνοίξαντι. That of Revelation 5:9 etc. occurs in Syll 790.47 (i/A.D.) τὰς σφραγῖδας ἀνοιξάτω. Close to this is its use for the ";opening"; of a will, as P Ryl II. 109.9 (A.D. 235—a stilted document with δυεῖν and υἱέας !) ἐκ διαθήκης τῆς καὶ ἀνοιχθε [ίσ ]η ̣ς κατὰ τὸ ἔθος. We may quote OGIS 222.36 (B.C. 266–1) ἀνοῖξαι δ [ὲ ] τοὺς ἱερεῖς καὶ τὰς ἱερείας τὰ ἱερά, cf. 332.28 (B.C. 138–2) ἀ. τοὺς ναούς, and Dittenberger’s note, with parallels showing that the solemn ";opening"; of shrines was a conspicuous feature in ritual—cf. 1 Regn 3:15 [MT 1 Samuel 3:15] καὶ ὤρθρισεν τὸ πρωὶ καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὰς θύρας οἴκου Κυρίου, and Revelation 11:19; Revelation 15:5. Something akin to our ";opening"; a building may be seen in OGIS 529.11 (A.D. 117–38) πρῶτον μὲν ἀνοίξαντα τὸ γυμνάσιον —he had evidently been prime mover in its establishment. The Neoplatonists appropriated the NT phrase ";heavens opened"; : cf. Kaibel 882 (Athens—c. iii/A.D.) Θειολόγου Λαίτοιο μετάρσιον ὕμνον ἀκούσας οὐρανὸν ἀνθρώποις εἶδον ἀνοιγόμενον. Laetus, a contemporary of Plotinus (Ed.), is acclaimed as a reincarnation of Plato. The word is common on later tombstones for violating a grave. The frequency of the spelling ἀνύγω has been thought to go rather beyond the mere blundering substitution of an identically pronounced symbol : Radermacher (Gr. p 35 n..2) would attribute it to the influence of ἀνύω, which is however a decidedly rarer word (not in NT). But Prof. Thumb regards it as purely graphic. We may quote two illiterate papyri of ii/B.C., written by the same hand, P Par 51.7 (= Selections p. 19) and 50.7 : see Mayser Gr., p. 110. So also P Tebt II. 383.29 (A.D. 46) (the entrance and the exit) εἰς ἣν καὶ ἀνύξι ἑαυτῇ. . . . θύραν. The late 2 aor. pass, ἠνοίγην (as Mark 7:35, Acts 12:10 etc.) is illustrated by BCU I. 326ii. 10 (as amended p. 359) (A.D. 194) ἠνύγη [κ ]α ̣ι ̣̣ ἀνεγνώσθη —of a will : cf. also the amended reading in l. 21 ἠνύγησαν. The verb is MGr.

 

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