a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born at Osnabrick, August 19, 1809. He studied at Berlin, was appointed in 1834 chaplain to the Prussian ambassador at Rome, and in 1841 at London, where he was also actively engaged in the founding of the bishopric at Jerusalem. In 1842 he accompanied professor Lepsius to Egypt and Ethiopia, and in 1848 was appointed member of the Prussian ministry for foreign affairs. During the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870-71, he accompanied prince (then count) Bismarck to France, and died August 8, 1872. He is known by his biography of Bunsen in Unsere Zeit, volume 5 (Leipsic, 1861), and by his Babylon und Jerusalem (Berlin, 1853), written against the countess Ida Hahn-Hahn, who had embraced Roman Catholicism. (B.P.)