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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary Hebrew Lexicon
Strong's #4941 - מִשְׁפָּט
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
- judgment, justice, ordinance
- judgment
- act of deciding a case
- place, court, seat of judgment
- process, procedure, litigation (before judges)
- case, cause (presented for judgment)
- sentence, decision (of judgment)
- execution (of judgment)
- time (of judgment)
- justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)
- ordinance
- decision (in law)
- right, privilege, due (legal)
- proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan
- judgment
- Book
- Word
did not use
this Strong's Number
2864) ups (סהפתה ShPTh) AC: Judge CO: ? AB: Judgment: Rulings over cases as well as the action of deciding a case.
V) ups (סהפתה ShPTh) - Judge: To rule over cases of dispute or wrong doing. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (204): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Participle) judge, plead, avenge, condemn, execute, judgment, defend, deliver, magistrate - Strongs: H8199 (שָׁפַט), H8200 (שְׁפַט)
Nm) ups (סהפתה ShPTh) - Judgment: KJV (16): judgment - Strongs: H8201 (שֶׁפֶט)
cm) ufps (סהפותה ShPWTh) - Judgment: KJV (2): judgment - Strongs: H8196 (שְׁפוּט)
dm) ufps (סהפותה ShPWTh) - Judgment: KJV (2): judgment - Strongs: H8196 (שְׁפוּט)
hm) upsm (מסהפתה MShPTh) - Judgment: KJV (421): judgment, manner, right, cause, ordinance, lawful, order, worthy, fashion, custom, discretion, law, measure, sentence - Strongs: H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט)
efm) iupis (סהיפתהי ShYPThY) - Sheriff: [Aramaic only] KJV (2): sheriff - Strongs: H8614 (תִּפְתָּי)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
1 judgment:
a. act of deciding a case: ׳מ be-longeth to God Deuteronomy 1:17, is from him Proverbs 16:33; Proverbs 29:26; ׳אֱלֹהֵי הַמּ Malachi 2:17; ׳חשֶׁן מ Exodus 28:15 the pouch of judgment, so Exodus 28:29; Exodus 28:30 (P); worn on heart of Aaron Exodus 28:30 (P); צֶדֶק׳מ Deuteronomy 16:18; ׳הֵבִין מ Job 32:9; ׳שׁפט מ 1 Kings 3:28; ׳עשׂה מ 1 Kings 3:28; ׳דְּבַר (ה)מ Deuteronomy 17:9; 2 Chronicles 19:6; ׳רוח מ Isaiah 28:6; במשׁפט Leviticus 19:15,35 (H) Deuteronomy 1:17; Proverbs 16:10; Proverbs 24:23; חאורים׳במ Numbers 27:21 (P); למשׁפט Numbers 35:12; Joshua 20:6 (P) Deuteronomy 17:8; Judges 4:5; 2 Samuel 15:2,6; 2 Chronicles 19:8; Isaiah 34:5; Isaiah 41:1; Isaiah 54:17; Isaiah 59:11; Habakkuk 1:12; Malachi 3:5; Psalm 9:8; Psalm 35:23; Psalm 76:10; Psalm 122:5; Job 9:19 ( Ezekiel 44:24 see above).
b. place, court seat of judgment Deuteronomy 25:1; 1 Kings 7:7; Isaiah 28:6; Ecclesiastes 3:16.
c. process, procedure, litigation before judges: ׳הֵבִיא במ Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:14; ׳בא במ, with עם Isaiah 3:14; Job 22:4, with את Psalm 143:2, with יחדו Job 9:32, ׳חלד במ Job 34:23, compare Ezekiel 34:16; Psalm 112:5; plural דבּר משׁפטים, with את litigate with Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5 = Jeremiah 52:9, singular מִשְׁמָּט in "" 2 Kings 25:6, by error.
d. case or cause presented for judgment: ׳בעל מ Isaiah 50:8; ׳ערךְ מ Job 13:18; Job 23:4; ׳שׁמע מ 1 Kings 3:11; ׳שׁפט מ Lamentations 3:59, compare Numbers 27:5 (P) 2 Samuel 15:4.
e. sentence, decision of judgment: כן משׁפטךָ 1 Kings 20:40 thus is thy sentence; ׳עת ומ Ecclesiastes 8:5,6 time and sentence; ׳על מ Deuteronomy 17:11 according to the sentence; מָוֶת׳מ Deuteronomy 19:6; Deuteronomy 21:22; Jeremiah 26:11,16; דמים׳מ Ezekiel 7:23, compare Habakkuk 1:4 (twice in verse); Psalm 7:7; Psalm 17:2; Ezekiel 23:45; plural only Ezekiel 16:68 משׁפטֵי נאפות; Hosea 6:5 read singular מִשְׁמָּטִי בָאוֺד for מִשְׁמָּטֶיךָ אוֺר after ᵐ5ᵑ6 ᵑ7 Ew Hi Che and most modern
f. execution of judgment, in General, ׳עשׂה מ, with בֵּין Jeremiah 7:5; Ezekiel 18:8, compare Deuteronomy 32:41; Zephaniah 3:8; with בְּ against Psalm 119:84; Psalm 149:9; ב omitted Psalm 9:17; Ezekiel 39:21, בא אל׳מ Jeremiah 48:21, ׳ברוח מ Isaiah 4:4, מואב׳מ Jeremiah 48:47, compare Isaiah 53:8; Jeremiah 51:9; Hosea 5:1,11; Hosea 10:4; Job 36:17; plural Isaiah 26:8,9; Ezekiel 5:8; Zephaniah 3:15; Psalm 10:5; in favour of, עשׂה משׁפטִי Micah 7:9; Psalm 9:5; לעשׁוקים׳מ Psalm 146:7; והציל׳דין מ Jeremiah 21:12, compare Zechariah 7:9; Zechariah 8:16; plural Psalm 48:12 = Psalm 97:8 Psalm 6; Psalm 5; 7= 1 Chronicles 16:12,14.
g. time of judgment, ׳לִא יקומו במ Psalm 1:5 (late; probably judgment of the resurrection).
2 attribute of theשֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude:
a. of God, ׳אלהי מ Isaiah 30:18; ׳הֲשֹׁפֵט כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה מ Genesis 18:25 (J), compare Job 40:8; Deuteronomy 32:4; Psalm 111:7; he loves it Psalm 33:5; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 99:4; ׳צדק ומ Hosea 2:21; Psalm 89:15 = Psalm 97:2; will not pervert it Job 8:3; Job 34:12, compare Job 37:23; כמשׁפטךָ Psalm 119:149 ("" חסדךָ); מִשְׁמָּֽטְךָ תְּהוֺם רָבָּה Psalm 36:7 (read singular).
b. of man:׳אַשְׁרֵי שֹׁמְרֵי מ Psalm 106:8 ("" צדקה); the tongue of the wise speaketh ׳מ Psalm 37:30; so of thoughts ׳מ Proverbs 12:5; put on ׳מ as robe Job 29:14, chosen Job 34:4; ׳עשׂה מ: God requires that man should do it Micah 6:8; Isaiah 1:17; Isaiah 56:1, compare Isaiah 61:8; it is the joy of the righteous Proverbs 21:15; rulers should know it Micah 3:1, compare Proverbs 29:4; wicked ruler ׳שׂוֺנֵא מ Job 34:17; abhors it Micah 3:9, compare Proverbs 19:28; Proverbs 21:7; Proverbs 28:5.
3 ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט: 1 Samuel 8:9,11; 1 Samuel 10:25 (law of king); Levitical ordinances Leviticus 5:10; Leviticus 9:16 13t. P, 1 Chronicles 15:13; 1 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 4:7,20; 8:14; 35:13; Nehemiah 8:18; ׳חק ומ Exodus 15:25; Joshua 24:25 (E) 1 Samuel 30:25, compare Psalm 81:5; ׳חקת מ Numbers 27:11; Numbers 35:29 (P); divine law in General יהוה׳מ Jeremiah 8:7; ׳מאלהים Isaiah 58:2; Jeremiah 5:4,5 ("" דֶּרֶךְ), compare Psalm 25:9; "" תורה Isaiah 42:4; Isaiah 51:4; Ezra 7:10; compare Zephaniah 2:3; Psalm 119:43; Psalm 119:160; plural of particular ordinances Deuteronomy 33:10,21 (poem), Isaiah 58:2; Ezekiel 44:24; Psalm 19:10; Psalm 119:7 16t., Psalm 147:20.
4 decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (see Br Hexateuch 252sq.): singular of particular decision of a case Exodus 21:31 (E); plural of series of decisions Exodus 21:1; Exodus 24:3 (JE) Deuteronomy 7:12 (D2); in covt. code and D, collection of pentads in conditional or temporal compare, with כּי or אם in D, and subject in combination, חקים ומשׁפטים Deuteronomy 4:1. 5. 8. 14. 45 +; in code of H and after, in combination חקות ומשׁפטים, Leviticus 18:4,5,26; Leviticus 19:37 +; (the specific type of these laws in H is אִישׁ כִּי, over against נפשׁ כי or אדם כי in code of P, see Br Hexateuch 254f.); other combinations, redactional and later, Leviticus 26:46; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 30:16; 2 Kings 17:37; 2 Chronicles 33:8; Nehemiah 9:13; Psalm 18:23; Psalm 89:31; Psalm 147:19.
5 one's (legal) right, privilege, due: הַכּהֲנִים׳מ Deuteronomy 18:3 due of the priests, הַבְּכֹרָה׳מ Deuteronomy 21:17; ׳מהַגְּאֻלָּה Jeremiah 32:7 right of redemption; הַיְרֻשָּׁה׳מ Jeremiah 32:8; ׳הִטָּה מ Exodus 23:6 (E) wrest right, so Deuteronomy 16:19; Deuteronomy 23:6; Deuteronomy 24:17; Deuteronomy 27:19; 1 Samuel 8:3; Lamentations 3:35, compare Proverbs 18:5; יְתוֺם׳מ Deuteronomy 10:18; אביון׳מ Exodus 23:6 (E) Jeremiah 5:28; Psalm 140:13; עניים׳מ Isaiah 10:2; Job 36:6; ׳הסיר מ Job 27:2; Job 34:5, compare Isaiah 40:27; Isaiah 49:4.
6. a. proper, fitting, measure 1 Kings 5:8; fitness Isaiah 28:26; Isaiah 40:14 (of fitness in the order of nature; compare Di).
b. custom, manner: הכהנים׳מ 1 Samuel 2:13 custom of the priests ( rightful due, according to Th We Dr and most); מִשְׁמָּטוֺ 1 Samuel 27:11 his (David's) custom; ׳מהגוים 2 Kings 17:33 manner of the nations, compare 2 Kings 17:26,27 (Rs sem. 1,24, 2nd ed. 23); ׳כמ after the manner, custom, fashion (of) Genesis 40:13; Exodus 21:9 (E) Judges 18:7; 1 Kings 18:28; 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 17:34; 1 Chronicles 6:17; Ezekiel 42:11; Psalm 119:132.
c.מה משׁפט Judges 13:12 what manner of a boy, compare 2 Kings 1:7.
d. plan . . . of the tabernacle Exodus 26:30 (P); temple 1 Kings 6:38; palace Jeremiah 30:18.
מִשְׁפָּט (from שָׁפַט)
(1) judgment
(a) used of the act of judging, Levit. 19:15, “do no unrighteousness בַּמִּשְׁפָּט in judgment;” verse 35 Leviticus 19:35; Deuteronomy 1:17, כִּי הַמִּשְׁפָּט לֵאלֹהִים הוּא “for the judgment (is) God’s.” Isaiah 28:6, יוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט “he who sitteth in judgment.” Ezekiel 21:32, עַד־בּאֹ אֲשֶׁר לוֹ הַמִּשְׁפָּט “until he shall come whose the judgment is.”
(b) of the place of judgment (מְקוֹם הַמִּשְׁפָּט Ecclesiastes 3:16). בּאֹ בַּמִּשְׁפָּט עִם to bring any one into judgment, Job 9:32, 22:4 Psalms 143:2 compare Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9.
(c) a forensic cause, Numb. 27:5. עָרַךְ מִשְׁפָּט to set forth a cause, Job 13:18, 23:4. שָׁפַט עָשָׂה מִשְׁפַּט פּ׳, to plead any one’s cause, to be his patron, Deuteronomy 10:18; Psalms 9:5 (compare דִּין and רִיב). דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּטִים אֵת to contend with any one, Jeremiah 12:1. בַּעַל מִשְׁפָּטִי my adversary, prop. he who has a cause with me, Isaiah 50:8.
(d) sentence of a judge, 1 Kings 3:28, 20:40 Psalms 17:2 pl. מִשְׁפְּטֵי יְהֹוָה judgments of the Lord, 19:10 119:75, 137 Psalms 119:137. Especially used of a sentence by which penalty is inflicted. מִשְׁפַּט מָוֶת sentence of death, Deuter. 21:22 Jeremiah 26:11. דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּטִים אֶת פּ׳ to pass a hard sentence upon one, to impose punishment upon him, Jeremiah 1:16, 4:12 39:5 52:9 2 Kings 25:6 (see the same phrase, let. c.) Also used of punishment [?], Isaiah 53:8.
(e) fault, crime, for which one is judged, Jeremiah 51:9. מִשְׁפַּט דָּמִים capital crime, Ezekiel 7:23.
(2) right, that which is just, lawful, according to law. הִטָּה מִשִׁפָּט to pervert right, Deuteronomy 16:19, 27:19 1 Samuel 8:3. עָשָׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה to do judgment (right) and justice. Jeremiah 22:15, 23:5 33:15 Deuteronomy 32:4, בָּל־דְּרָבָיז מִשֻׁפָּט “all his ways (are) right,” i.e. just. מאֹזְנֵי מִשְׁפָּט just balances, Proverbs 16:11. לַמִּשְׁפָּט according to what is. right, Jeremiah 46:28 and on the other hand, בְּלֹא מִשְׁפָּט without right, Proverbs 16:11; Jeremiah 22:13. Specially
(a) a law, a statute (as a rule of judging), Exodus 21:1, 24:3 often מִשְׁפְּטֵי יְיָ, of the laws of God, Leviticus 18:4, Leviticus 18:5, 26 Leviticus 18:26, 19:37 20:22, seqq.; Deuteronomy 4:1, 7:11, 12 and collect, used of the body of laws (as we say, the law of Moses, the Justinian code), e.g. מִשְׁפַּט יְיָ Isaiah 51:4 and simply מִשְׁפַּט 42:1, Isaiah 42:3, Isaiah 42:4, the divine law (i.q. תּוֹרָה), divine religion.
(b) used of that which is lawfully due to any one, (privilege). מִשְׁפַּט הַגְּאֻלָּה right of redemption, Jeremiah 32:7 מ׳ הַבְּכֹרָה right of primogeniture, Deuteronomy 21:17 and collect. מִשְׁפַּט חַמֶּלֶךְ regal right, or, regal rights and privileges, 1 Samuel 8:9, 11 1 Samuel 8:11, 10:25 מִשְׁפַּט הַכֹּהֲנִים מֵאֵת הָעָם the things due to the priests from the people, Deuteronomy 18:3 מִשְׁפַּט הַבָּנוֹת the privileges of daughters, Exodus 21:9. As laws have arisen not only from the will of a legislator, but also often from the manners and customs of nations, מ׳ is also
(c) a manner, custom. 2 Kings 11:14, “and behold the king stood upon a standing place כַּמִּשְׁפָּט according to the manner;” 17:33, 34 2 Kings 17:34, 40 2 Kings 17:40. Genesis 40:13, כַּמִּשְׁפָּט הָרִאשׁוֹן “in the former manner,” Exodus 26:30; Jeremiah 30:18. (Comp. Arab. دِينُ and Gr. δίκη.) Hence
(d) fashion, kind, plan. 2 Kings 1:7, מֶה מִשְׁפַּט הָאִישׁ “what kind of a man was he?” Judges 13:12, מַה יִּהְיֶה מִשְׁפַּט הַנַּעַר וּמַעֲשֵׁהוּ “what kind of a boy shall he be? and what will he do?”