the Week of Proper 21 / Ordinary 26
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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary Hebrew Lexicon
Strong's #3772 - כָּרַת
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
- to cut, cut off, cut down, cut off a body part, cut out, eliminate, kill, cut a covenant
- (Qal)
- to cut off
- to cut off a body part, behead
- to cut down
- to hew
- to cut or make a covenant
- to cut off
- (Niphal)
- to be cut off
- to be cut down
- to be chewed
- to be cut off, fail
- (Pual)
- to be cut off
- to be cut down
- (Hiphil)
- to cut off
- to cut off, destroy
- to cut down, destroy
- to take away
- to permit to perish
- (Hophal) cut off
- (Qal)
- Book
- Word
did not use
this Strong's Number
2291) trk (כרת KRT) AC: Cut CO: ? AB: ?: A cutting off or down of anything. Often used as a cutting of the covenant in the sense that the sacrificial animal is cut in half (see Jeremiah 34:18) . [from: yq- being cut short] (eng: create)
V) trk (כרת KRT) - Cut off: KJV (288): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hophal, Pual) cut off, make, cut down, cut, fail, destroy, want, covenant, hew - Strongs: H3772 (כָּרַת)
df1) etfrk (כרותה KRWTH) - Beam: As cut off from the tree. KJV (3): beam - Strongs: H3773 (כְּרֻתוֹת)
bf3) tftirk (כריתות KRYTWT) - Divorce: As cut off from the husband. KJV (4): divorcement, divorce - Strongs: H3748 (כְּרִיתוּת)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
Qal Perfect ׳כ Genesis 15:18 19t.; 2 masculine singular כָּרָ֑תָּ Deuteronomy 20:20; 1 singular כָּרַתִּי Exodus 34:27 15t.; + 8t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכְרֹת Job 40:28 21t.; 2 masculine singular תִּכְרָתֿ Isaiah 57:8; 1 singular אֶכְרוֺת Isaiah 61:8; 1 Samuel 11:2; אֶכְרְתָה Isaiah 55:3; 3 masculine plural יִכְרֹ֑תוּ Hosea 12:2; Psalm 83:6; 1 plural נִכְרְתָה Genesis 26:28; Genesis 31:44; suffix נִכְרְתֶנּוּ Jeremiah 11:19; 31t. Imperfect Imperative כְּרָתֿ 1 Samuel 11:1; כָּרְתָה 2 Samuel 3:12; 4t. Imperative; Infinitive absolute כָּרֹת Hosea 10:4; כָּרוֺת Nehemiah 9:8; construct כְּרֹת Jeremiah 34:8 2t.; כְּרָתֿ Isaiah 44:14 2t.; כְּרוֺת 2 Chronicles 2:7; 2 Chronicles 29:10; suffix כָּרְתִי 1 Samuel 24:12; Participle active כֹּרֵת Exodus 34:10 3t.; + 3t. Participle active passive כָּרוּת Leviticus 22:24; construct כְּרוּת Deuteronomy 23:2; plural ת[וֺ]כְּרֻת 1 Kings 7:12 3t.; —
1 cut off :
a. things: with accusative foreskin Exodus 4:25 (J); privy member Leviticus 22:24 (H) Deuteronomy 23:2; cluster of grapes Numbers 13:23,24 (E); bough of tree Judges 9:48,49; skirt 1 Samuel 24:5; 1 Samuel 24:6; 1 Samuel 24:12; head of Prayer of Manasseh 1Samuel 17:51; 1 Samuel 31:9; 2 Samuel 20:22; garments 2 Samuel 10:4 = 1 Chronicles 19:4; palms of hands 1 Samuel 5:4; sprigs Isaiah 18:5.
b. persons, with accusative of person מִן location Jeremiah 11:19; Jeremiah 50:16.
2 cut down, with accusative tress Deuteronomy 19:5; Deuteronomy 20:19,20; 2 Kings 19:23 = Isaiah 37:24; Isaiah 44:14; Jeremiah 6:6; Jeremiah 10:3; Jeremiah 22:7; Jeremiah 46:23; Ezekiel 31:12; asherim Exodus 34:13 (J) Judges 6:25,26,30; 1 Kings 15:13 2 Chronicles 15:16; 2 Kings 18:4; 2 Kings 23:14
3 hew, timber 1 Kings 5:20 (twice in verse) = 2 Chronicles 2:7; 2 Chronicles 2:15; Isaiah 14:8; כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים hewers of timber 2 Chronicles 2:9; כְּרֻת(וֺ)ת hewn beams 1 Kings 6:36; 1 Kings 7:2,12;
4בְּרִית ׳כ cut, or make a covenant (because of the cutting up and distribution of the flesh of the victim for eating in the sacrifice of the covenants, see בְּרִית); ׳הָעֵגֶל אֲשֶׁר כ the calf which they cut Jeremiah 34:18 (referring to Genesis 15:10); עֲלֵיזֶֿבַח Psalm 50:5; absolute Genesis 21:27,32; Genesis 31:44 (E) 1 Samuel 18:3; 1 Kings 5:26; Hosea 10:4; with אֶת with Genesis 15:18; Exodus 34:27; Deuteronomy 31:16 (J) Deuteronomy 5:3; Deuteronomy 28:69 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 29:13; 2 Samuel 3:12,13,21; 2 Kings 17:15,35,38; Isaiah 28:15; Jeremiah 11:10; Jeremiah 31:31,32,33; Jeremiah 34:8,13; Ezekiel 17:13; Zechariah 11:10; Psalm 105:9 = 1 Chronicles 16:16; with עִם Genesis 26:28 (J) Exodus 24:8 (E) Deuteronomy 4:23; Deuteronomy 5:2; Deuteronomy 9:9; Deuteronomy 29:11; Deuteronomy 29:24; 1 Kings 8:21 2 Chronicles 6:11; 23:3; Nehemiah 9:8; Hosea 2:20; Hosea 12:2; Job 40:28; ׳בְּ omitted 1 Samuel 20:16; 1 Samuel 22:8; 1 Kings 8:9 2 Chronicles 5:10; with לְ Exodus 23:32; Exodus 34:12,15; Joshua 9:6,7,11,15,16; Joshua 24:25 (JE) Deuteronomy 7:2; Judges 2:2; 1 Samuel 11:1; 2 Samuel 5:3; 1 Kings 20:34; 2 Kings 11:4; 1 Chronicles 11:3; 2 Chronicles 21:7; 29:10; Ezra 10:3; Isaiah 55:3; Isaiah 61:8; Jeremiah 32:40; Ezekiel 34:25; Ezekiel 37:26; Job 31:1; Psalm 89:4; ׳בְּ omitted 1 Samuel 11:2; 2 Chronicles 7:18; נֶגֶד Exodus 34:10 (J); לִפְנֵי 1 Samuel 23:18; 2 Kings 23:3 2 Chronicles 34:31; Jeremiah 34:15,18; בֵּין וּבֵין 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Chronicles 23:16; with עַל against, Psalm 83:6; אֲמָנָה is used for ברית Nehemiah 10:1; and דָּבָר Haggai 2:5.
Note. — וַתִּכְרָתלָֿךְ מֵהֶם Isaiah 57:8 is usually rendered as RV made for thee a covenant with them, with ellipsis of ׳בּ as above. But מִן is not used in such a construction. The clause is commonly regarded as corrupt by recent critics. Gr emends עִמָּהֶם for מֵהֶם, this is easiest and gives the usual construction; Du followed by Buhl, reads וַתִּכְרִי after Hosea 3:2.
Niph`al Perfect 3 masculine singular נִכְרַת Joel 1:5 5t.; נִכְרָ֑ת Joel 1:16 2t.; 3 feminine singular נִכְרְתָה Genesis 17:14 16t.; נִכְרָ֑תָה Psalm 37:38; 2 masculine singular נִכְרַתָּ Obadiah 10; 8t. Perfect; Imperfect יִכָרֵת Genesis 9:11 21t.; יִכָּֽרֶתֿ Obadiah 9; 3 masculine plural יִכָּֽרְתוּ Zechariah 13:8; יִכָּרֵת֑וּן Joshua 3:13; Psalm 37:9; 9t. Imperfect; Infinitive הִכָּרֵת Numbers 15:31; Psalm 37:34. —
1 be cut off:
a. of things, forward tongue Proverbs 10:31; burden from a nail Isaiah 22:25; chariots Zechariah 9:10; dwelling Zephaniah 3:7.
b. of persons, the people of the land by a famine (בְּ) Genesis 41:36 (E); all flesh by waters of deluge (מִמֵּי) Genesis 9:11 (P); the anointed Daniel 9:26; enemies Isaiah 11:13; Micah 5:8; the wicked Isaiah 29:20; Hosea 8:4; Nahum 2:1; Psalm 37:9; Psalm 37:22; Psalm 37:28; Psalm 37:34; Psalm 37:38; Proverbs 2:22; others Obadiah 9,10; Zephaniah 1:11; Zechariah 13:8; Zechariah 14:2.
c. in the technical phrases of H and P וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ ההיא that person shall be cut off (by death penalty) מֵעַמֶּיהָ Genesis 17:14; Leviticus 7:20,21,25,27; Numbers 9:13; Leviticus 19:8; מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:15; Numbers 19:13; מֵעֲדַתיִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:19; מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ Exodus 31:14; Numbers 15:30; (עַמָּהּ); מִלְּפָנַי Leviticus 22:3; מִתּוֺךְ הַקָּהָל Numbers 19:20; similarly with variation of subject Exodus 30:33,38; Leviticus 17:4,9; Leviticus 18:29; Leviticus 20:18; Leviticus 23:29, and with omission of word with מִן Leviticus 17:14; Leviticus 20:17; Numbers 15:31 (twice in verse).
2 be cut down, a tree Job 14:7.
3 be chewed between the teeth Numbers 11:33 (J).
4 be cut off, in a more General sense, fail: of waters Joshua 3:13,16 (JE) Joshua 4:7 (twice in verse) (D); new wine Joel 1:5; meat Joel 1:16; hope Proverbs 23:18; Proverbs 24:14; a name Isaiah 48:19; Isaiah 56:5; Ruth 4:10; a sign Isaiah 55:13; faithfulness Jeremiah 7:28; אִישׁ׳לֹא יִכָּרֵת לְ there shall not fail thee a man 1 Kings 2:4; 1 Kings 8:25 2 Chronicles 6:16; 1 Kings 9:5 2 Chronicles 7:18; Jeremiah 33:17,18; Jeremiah 35:19; לא יכרת מן there shall not fail of Joshua 9:23 (J) 2 Samuel 3:29.
Pual Perfect כָּרַּת Ezekiel 16:4; 3 feminine singular כֹּרָ֑תָה Judges 6:28; —
1 be cut off, navel string Ezekiel 16:4.
2 be cut down, Asherah Judges 6:28.
Hiph`il Perfect הִכְרִית 1 Samuel 28:9; 1 Kings 11:16; 3 feminine singular הִכְרִיתָה Leviticus 26:22; 1 singular הִכְרַתִּי Joshua 23:4 32t.; + 4t. Perfect; Imperfect יַכְרִית Deuteronomy 12:29 2t.; jussive יַכְרֵת Psalm 12:4 4t.; 1 singular וָאַכְרִ֫תָה 2 Samuel 7:9; 1 plural suffix וְנַכְרִיתֶנָּה Jeremiah 48:2; 9t. Imperfect; Infinitive הַכְרִית Jeremiah 44:8 15t.; הַכְרִת 1 Samuel 20:15; + suffix 2t. —
1 cut off, flattering lips Psalm 12:4.
2 cut off, destroy the life of:
a. animals with accusative, cattle Leviticus 26:22 (H); with accusative and מִן frogs Exodus 8:5 (J); horses Micah 5:9; Zechariah 9:10.
b. of men abs. Psalm 109:13, by men, with accusative enemies Judges 4:24; 1 Samuel 24:22; 1 Kings 11:16; 1 Kings 14:14; 1 Kings 18:4; 2 Chronicles 22:7; Isaiah 10:7; Ezekiel 17:17; Obadiah 14; with accusative and מִן enemies Joshua 11:21; Jeremiah 48:2; the wicked Psalm 101:8; a clan Numbers 4:18 (P); young men by death Jeremiah 9:20; people by the sword Nahum 3:15; necromancers 1 Samuel 28:9; the name Joshua 7:9.
c. of men, by God with accucusative. (הַ)גּוֺיִם Deuteronomy 19:1; Joshua 23:4 (D) Zephaniah 3:6; various persons and things Isaiah 48:9; Jeremiah 44:11; Jeremiah 51:62; Ezekiel 25:16; Ezekiel 30:15; Zechariah 9:6; with accusative and מִן Ezekiel 25:7; Amos 1:5,8; Amos 2:3; מֵאֶרֶץ Nahum 2 :14; Psalm 34:17 = Psalm 109:15; מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 9:13; מִיַּד Micah 5:11; מִמָּנֶיךָ Deuteronomy 12:29; 2 Samuel 7:9 = 1 Chronicles 17:8; מֵעַל מְּנֵיהָאֲדָמָה 1 Samuel 20:15; 1 Kings 9:7; Zephaniah 1:3; מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֺ Leviticus 17:10; Leviticus 20:3,5,6 (H); מִתּוֺךְ עַמִּי Ezekiel 14:8; Ezekiel says also מִן׳הכ אָ֗֗֗דָם וּבְהֵמָה Ezekiel 14:13,17,19,21; Ezekiel 25:13; Ezekiel 29:8; צדיק ורשׁע Ezekiel 21:8; Ezekiel 21:9; עבר ושׁב Ezekiel 35:7; with accusative and לְ cutt off, to, or from Isaiah 14:22; Jeremiah 44:7,8; Jeremiah 47:4; מַשְׁתִּין בְּקִיר׳לְ ׳כ 1 Kings 14:10; 1 Kings 21:21; 2 Kings 9:8; מעם מזבח׳ל ׳כ 1 Samuel 2:33; לָאִישׁ מֵאָֽהֳלֵי יַעֲקֹב׳יַכְרֵת י Malachi 2:12 may Yahweh cut off to the man — from the tents of Jacob.
3 cut down, destroy, cities Micah 5:10, sun-pillars Leviticus 26:30 (H); and other things used in idolartry Nahum 1:14; Zephaniah 1:4; מן הארץ Zechariah 13:2; מִקֶּרֶב Micah 5:12.
4 take away, חֶסֶד מֵעִם kindness from 1 Samuel 20:15.
5 permit to perish, מֵהַבְּהֵמָה (some) of the cattle 1 Kings 18:5.
Hoph`al Perfect ׳הָכְרַת מִנְחָה וָנֶסֶךְ מִבֵּית י Joel 1:9.
כָּרַת fut. יִכְרֹת
(1) to cut, to cut off, as part of a garment [“comp. Sanscr. Krit.”] 1 Samuel 24:5, 12 1 Samuel 24:12 the branch of a tree, Numbers 13:23, 24 Numbers 13:24 præputium, Exodus 4:25 the head, 1 Samuel 17:51, 5:4 to cut down trees, Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 14:8, 44:14 Jerem. 10:3 22:7 46:23 (whence כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים woodcutters, 2 Chronicles 2:9); images of false gods, Exodus 34:13; Judges 6:25, 26 Judges 6:26, 30 Judges 6:30 כָּרוּת Levit. 22:24 more fully כְּרוּת שָׁפְכָה Deuteronomy 23:2, castrated.
(2) to kill, to destroy persons, Deuteronomy 20:20; Jeremiah 11:19. Niph. and Hiph.
(3) specially כָּרַת בְּרִית; Gr. ὅρκια τέμνειν, τέμνειν σπονδὰς, to make a covenant, so used from slaying and dividing the victims, as was customary in making a covenant (see Genesis 15:18; Jeremiah 34:8, 18 Jeremiah 34:18 comp. Bochart, Hieroz. t. i. lib. 2, cap. 35; Danzii Interpres, p. 255; also Gr. σπονδὴ, libation, league, whence is spondere). Commonly construed followed by עִם and (אִתּ) אֵת with any one, Genesis 15:18; Exodus 24:8; Deuteronomy 4:23, 5:3 and so frequently; but followed by לְ
(a) where the more powerful party prescribes the terms of the covenant to the other. 2 Kings 11:4 poet. Job 31:1, בְּרִית כָּרַתִּי לְעֵינַי “I made a covenant with my eyes,” i.e. prescribed these terms to them (compare 2 Samuel 5:3; 1 Chronicles 11:3); hence used of Jehovah establishing a covenant with men, 2 Chronicles 21:7; Isaiah 55:3, 61:8 Jeremiah 32:40.
(b) where the victor concedes the benefit of peace, and a league to the vanquished. Joshua 9:6, עַתָּה כִּרְתוּ לָנוּ בְרִית “now grant a league to us;” verse Joshua 9:7, sq.; 1 Samuel 11:1, 1 Samuel 11:2; Exodus 23:32, 34:12, 15 Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 7:2.
(c) where any thing is vowed to God. Ezra 10:3, לֵאלֹהֵינוּ לְהוֹצִיא כָל־נָשִׁים וְעַתָּה נִכְרָת־בְּרִית “now then let us vow to our God to put away all the wives;” hence כָּרַת דָּבָר to vow, to promise any thing, Haggai 2:5. In all these phrases בְּרִית may also be omitted. 1 Samuel 11:2, 20:16 22:8 2 Chronicles 7:18; Isaiah 57:8, וַתִּכְרָת־לָךְ מֵהֶם “and thou hast joined with thee (some) of them in covenant;” Vulg. fœdus pepigisti cum eis. For בְּרִית there once occurs the syn. אֲמָנָה Nehemiah 10:1.
Niph.
(1) to be cut down, as a tree, Job 14:7; Isaiah 55:13. Figuratively to be cut off from one’s country, i.e. to be driven into exile, to be expelled, Zechariah 14:2.
(2) to be extirpated, destroyed, used of persons, Genesis 9:11; Psalms 37:9; Proverbs 2:22, 10:31, and so often. Thus, in the customary expression of the Mosaic law, נִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא מֵעַמֶּיהָ “that soul (that person) shall be cut off from his people,” Genesis 17:14 Levit. 7:20, 21 עַמָּם, מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Levit. 17:4, Leviticus 17:9, 18:29 20:18 Numbers 15:30 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:15; Numbers 19:13 מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל Numbers 19:20 מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:19 and simpl. נִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא Levit. 17:14 20:17. By this phrase is meant the punishment of death in general, without any definition of the manner (never the punishment of exile, as is supposed by J. D. Michaëlis, on the Mosaic Law, v. § 237), Exodus 31:14 compare Exodus 35:2 and Numbers 15:32. [In some of the passages it appears only to signify severed from the congregation of the Lord.] Hence
(3) to perish, to fail, i.q. אָבַד. 1 Kings 2:4, לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא יִשְׂרָאֵל “there shall not fail thee (perish unto thee) a man from off the throne of Israel;” 1 Kings 8:25, 9:5 Isaiah 48:19; Jeremiah 33:17, 18 Jeremiah 33:18, 35:19 used of a country (people) perishing through famine, Genesis 41:36 of a name, Ruth 4:10 of hope, Proverbs 23:18, 24:14 of fidelity, Jeremiah 7:28; Joshua 9:23, לֹא־יִכָּרֵת מִכֶּם עֶבֶד “there shall not fail (i.e. cease) from you a slave;” i.e. ye shall be slaves for ever. 2 Samuel 3:29.
(4) to be cut off, i.e. divided; used of the waters of Jordan, Joshua 3:13, 4:7 compare כְּרִיתוּת divorce.
(5) to be consumed as food, Numbers 11:33.
Pual כֹּרַת and כָּרַּת to be cut off, or down, Judges 6:28. Ezekiel 16:4.
Hiphil
(1) i.q. Kal No. 2, to kill, destroy men, Leviticus 17:10 nations, Joshua 23:4; Zephaniah 3:6; Ezekiel 25:7 instruments of idolatry, Leviticus 26:30.
(2) to separate, to remove, to withdraw. 1 Samuel 20:15, וְלֹא־תַכְרִית אֶת־חַסְדְּךָ מֵעִם בֵּיתִי “that thou withdraw not thy mercy from my house.”
Hophal הָכְרַת to be cut off from something, followed by מִן Joel 1:9.
The derived nouns immediately follow, except כְּרִית, כְּרִיתֻת.