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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #2064 - ἔρχομαι
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ἔρχομαι
Il. 13.256, etc. (Act. ἔρχω as barbarism, Tim. Pers. 167): impf. ἠρχόμην Hp. Epid. 7.59, Arat. 102, (δι-) Pi. O. 9.93; freq. in later Prose, LXX Genesis 48:7, Mark 1:45, Luc. Jud.Voc. 4, Paus. 5.8.5, etc.; in Att. rare even in compds., ἐπ-ηρχόμην Th. 4.120 (perh. fr. ἐπάρχομαι), προς- ib. 121 (perh. fr. προσάρχομαι), περι- Ar. Th. 504 cod.: from ἐλυθ- (cf. ἐλεύθω) come fut. ἐλεύσομαι, Hom., Ion., Trag. (A. Pr. 854, Supp. 522, S. OC 1206, Tr. 595), in Att. Prose only in Lys. 22.11, freq. later, D.H. 3.15, etc.: aor., and Lyr. ἤλῠθον Il. 1.152, Pi. P. 3.99, etc., used by E. (not A. or S.) in dialogue (Rh. 660, El. 598, Tr. 374, cf. Neophr. 1.1); but ἦλθον is more freq. even in Hom., and is the only form used in obl. moods, ἐλθέ, ἔλθω, ἔλθοιμι, ἐλθεῖν, ἐλθών; inf. ἐλθέμεναι, -έμεν, Il. 1.151, 15.146 (indic. never ἐλυθ- unaugmented unless ἐξ-ελύθη Il. 5.293 has replaced ἐξ-έλυθε); Dor. ἦνθον Epich. 180, Sophr. 144, Theoc. 2.118; imper. ἐνθέ Aristonous 1.9; part. ἐνθών IG 9(1).867 (Corc., vi B.C.), (κατ-) Schwyzer 657.4 (Arc., iv B.C.); subj. ἔνθῃ Berl.Sitzb. 1927.164 (Cyrene); Lacon. ἔλσῃ, ἔλσοιμι, ἐλσών, Ar. Lys. 105, 118, 1081; later ἦλθα LXX 2 Kings 24:7, Matthew 25:36, BGU 530.11 (i A.D.), IG 14.1320, etc.; 3 pl. ἤλθοσαν LXX John 2:22, al., PTeb. 179 (ii B.C.), etc.; ἤλυθα IG 14.1971, Nonn. D. 37.424, (ἐπ-) AP 14.44: pf. ἐλήλῠθα (not in Hom.) A. Pr. 943, etc.; sync. pl. ἐλήλῠμεν, -υτε, Cratin. 235, Achae. 24, 43; εἰλήλουθα, whence I pl. εἰλήλουθμεν Il. 9.49, Od. 3.81, part. εἰληλουθώς 19.28, 20.360; once ἐληλουθώς Il. 15.81, part. κατ-εληλευθυῖα Berl.Sitzb. 1927.166 (Cyrene); Cret. pf. inf. ἀμφ-εληλεύθεν, v. ἀμφέρχομαι: Boeot. pf. διεσς-είλθεικε Schwyzer 485.2 (Thesp., iii B.C.), part. κατηνθηκότι ib.657.39 (Arc., iv B.C.): plpf. ἐληλύθειν Ar. Eq. 1306; Ion. ἐληλύθεε Hdt. 5.98; εἰληλούθει Il. 4.520, εἰληλούθειν Call. Fr. 532. — In Att. the obl. moods of pres., as well as the impf. and fut. were replaced by forms of εἶμι ibo (q.v.): in LXX and Hellenistic Greek the place of the compounds, esp. ἐξ-, εἰς-έρχομαι, is commonly taken by ἐκ-, εἰς-πορεύομαι, etc., the fut., aor., and pf. being supplied as before by ἐλυθ- (ἐλθ-):
I
1. start, set out, ἦ μέν μοι μάλα πολλὰ..Λυκάων ἐρχομένῳ ἐπέτελλε when I was setting out, Il. 5.198, cf. 150; τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship was just starting, Od. 14.334; ἐς πλόον ἐρχομένοις (v.l. ἀρχ-) Pi. P. 1.34.
2. walk, = περιπατέω, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων ἀνθρώπων Il. 5.442; σὲ δ' ἐρχόμενον ἐν δίκᾳ πολὺς ὄλβος ἀμφινέμεται walking in justice, Pi. P. 5.14: the two foreg. rare signfs. belong only to the pres. ἔρχομαι.
II (much more freq.) come or go (the latter esp. in and Lyr.), ἦλθες thou art come, Od. 16.461, etc.; χαίροισ' ἔρχεο go and fare thee well, Sapph. Supp. 23.7, cf. Il. 9.43, Od. 10.320, 1.281; ἀγγελίην στρατοῦ.. ἐρχομένοιο 2.30, cf. 10.267; πάλιν ἐλθέμεν, αὖτε εἰλήλουθα, 19.533, 549; οἶκον ἐλεύσεται ib. 313; οἴκαδε 5.220; ἐς οἴκους A. Pers. 833: as a hortatory exclamation, ἀλλ' ἔρχευ, λέκτρονδ' ἴομεν Od. 23.254, cf. 17.529.
III c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι
1. to go a journey, Il. 1.151; ἄλλην ὁδόν, ἄλλα κέλευθα ἤλθομεν Od. 9.262; τηϋσίην ὁδὸν ἔλθῃς 3.316: freq. in Trag., A. Pr. 962, Th. 714 (also κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδόν Pl. Lg. 707d); νόστιμον ἐλθεῖν πόδα (v.l. δόμον) E. Alc. 1153; ἀγγε- λίην, ἐξεσίην ἐλθεῖν, go on an embassy, Il. 11.140, Od. 21.20.
2. c. acc. loci, come to, arrive at, rare in Hom., Ἀΐδαο δόμους ἔρχεαι Il. 22.483; ἔρχεσθον κλισίην 1.322: freq. in later Poets, Pi. P. 4.52, S. Tr. 259, etc.; traverse, ὁ ἥλιος ἔρχεται τῆς Λιβύης τὰ ἄνω Hdt. 2.24: c. acc. pers., αῐ κέν τι νέκυς (acc. pl.) ῂσχυμμένος ἔλθῃ Il. 18.180; σὲ δ', ὦ τέκνον, τόδ' ἐλήλυθεν πᾶν κράτος S. Ph. 141 (lyr.).
3. c. gen. loci, ἔρχονται πεδίοιο through or across the plain, Il. 2.801; but also, from a place, γῆς τινος S. OC 572.
4. c. dat. pers., come to, i.e. come to aid or relieve one, rare in Hom., Od. 16.453; freq. later, Pi. O. 1.100, Th. 1.13. etc.; ἀποροῦντι αὐτῷ ἔρχεται Προμηθεὺς ἐπισκεψόμενος τὴν νομήν Pl. Prt. 321c;
1. also in hostile sense, ἔρχομαί σοι Revelation 2:5. c. fut. part., to denote the object, ἔρχομαι ἔγχος οίσόμενος I go to fetch.., Il. 13.256; ἔρχομαι ὀψομένη 14.301: freq. in Trag., μαρτυρήσων ἦλθον A. Eu. 576; ἐκσώσων E. Med. 1303.
2. in Hdt. like an auxiliary Verb, ἔρχομαι ἐρέων, φράσων, I am going to tell, 1.5, 3.6, al.; σημανέων 4.99; μηκυνέων 2.35: rare in Att., ἔ. κατηγορήσων, ἀποθανούμενος, Pl. Euthphr. 2c, Thg. 129a; ἔρχομαι ἐπιχειρῶν -σοι ἐπιδείξασθαι, for ἔ. σοι ἐπιδειξόμενος, Id. Phd. 100b; οὐ τοῦτο λέξων ἔρχομαι, ὡς.. X. Ages. 2.7.
3. c. part. pres., aor., or pf., in Hom., to show the manner of moving, ἄγγελος ἦλθε θέουσα she came running, Il. 11.715, al.; μὴ πεφοβημένος ἔλθῃς lest thou come thither in full flight, 10.510; ἦλθε φθάμενος he came first, 23.779; κεχαρισμένος ἔλθυι Od. 2.54.
4. aor, part. ἐλθών added to Verbs, οὐ δύναμαι..μάχεσθαι ἐλθών go and fight, Il. 16.521; κάθηρον ἐλθών come and cleanse, ib. 668; λέγοιμ' ἂν ἐλθών A. Supp. 928; δρᾶ νυν τάδ' ἐλθών S. Ant. 1107. of any kind of motion, ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθεῖν to rise out of the sea, Od. 4.448, al.; ἐπὶ πόντον to go over it, 2.265; with qualifying phrase, πόδεσσιν ἔ. to go on foot, 6.40 (but πεζὸς εἰλήλουθα have come as a foot-soldier, Il. 5.204); of birds, 17.755, etc.; of ships, 15.549, Od. 14.334; of spears or javelins, freq. in Il.; of natural phenomena, as rivers, 5.91; wind and storm, 9.6, Od. 12.288; clouds, Il. 4.276, 16.364; stars, rise, Od. 13.94; time, είς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ νύξ Il. 14.77, cf. 24.351; ἐπὴν ἔλθῃσι θέρος Od. 11.192; ἔτος ἦλθε 1.16; of events and conditions, είς ὅ κε γῆρας ἔλθῃ καὶ θάνατος 13.59, cf. 11.135; of feelings, go, ἦ κέ μοι αίνὸν ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἄχος ἔλθοι Il. 22.43; ἀπὸ πραπίδων ἦλθ' ἵμερος 24.514; of sounds, etc., τὸν..περὶ φρένας ἤλυθ' ίωή 10.139; Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνος Od. 9.362; without φρένας, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθ' ι] ωή 17.261, cf. 16.6; of battle, ὁμόσ' ἦλθε μάχη Il. 13.337; of things sent or taken, ὄφρα κε δῶρα ἐκ κλισίης ἔλθῃσι 19.191, cf. 1.120; so later, esp. of danger or evil, c. dat., εἰ πάλιν ἔλθοι τῇ Ἑλλάδι κίνδυνος ὑπὸ βαρβάρων X. HG 6.5.43; ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς βέλος A. Pr. 360; μηδ' ὑπ' ἀνάγκας γάμος ἔλθοι Id. Supp. 1032 (lyr.), cf. Pers. 436; of reports, commands, etc., Id. Pr. 663, Th. 8.19; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ὡς ἦλθε τὰ γεγενημένα came to their ears, ib. 96; τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἐπ' αὐτόν that which was about to happen to him, John 18:4; of property, which comes or passes to a person by bequest, conveyance, gift, etc., τὰ ἐληλυθότα εἴς με ἀπὸ κληρονομίας BGU 919.7 (ii A. D.); ἐ. εἴς τινα ἀπὸ παραχωρήσεως, κατὰ δωρεάν, PLond. 3.1164e6 (iii A. D.), PMasp. 96.22 (vi A. D.): — Geom., pass, fall, ἔ. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ σαμεῖον pass through the same point, Archim. Aequil. 1.15; ὅπου ἂν ἔρχηται τὸ ἕτερον σαμεῖον wherever the other point falls, ib. 2.10.
Post-Homeric phrases:
1 ἐς λόγους ἔρχεσθαί τινι come to speech with, Hdt. 6.86. α', S. OC 1164 codd.; so ἐς ὄψιν τινὶ ἐλθεῖν Hdt. 3.42.
2. εἰς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν τινι (v. χείρ); so ἐς μάχην ἐλθεῖν τινι Id. 7.9. γ ; είς ὸργάς τισιν Pl. R. 572a.
3. ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔ. increase, S. Ph. 259; ἐπὶ μηδέν Id. Fr. 871.8, El. 1000; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν try everything, X. An. 3.1.18.
4. ἐς τὸ δεινόν, ἐς τὰ ἀλγεινὰ ἐλθεῖν, come into danger, etc., Th. 3.45, 2.39; είς τοσοῦτον αίσχύνης ἐληλύθατον ὥστε.. Pl. Grg. 487b, etc.; εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον ἀδικίας Id. R. 361d; ἐπ' ἔσχατον ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Id Phdr. 240d; ὅσοι ἐνταῦθα ἦλθον ἡλικίας arrived at that time of life, Id. R. 329b; ἐς ἀσθενὲς ἔ. come to an impotent conclusion, Hdt. 1.120; ἐς ἀριθμὸν ἐλθεῖν to be numbered, Th. 2.72; εἰς ἔρωτά τινος ἐλθεῖν Anaxil. 21.6; εἰς ἔλεγχον Philem. 93.3, etc.; εἰς ἑαυτὸν ἐλθεῖν come to oneself, Luke 15:17, Arr. Epict. 3.1.15.
5. παρὰ μικρὸν ἐλθεῖν c. inf., come within a little of, be near a thing, E. Heracl. 296 (anap.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἐλθεῖν Plu. Pyrrh. 10; παρὰ τοσοῦτον ἡ Μυτιλήνη ἦλθε κινδύνου so narrow was her escape, Th. 3.49; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb. 1.45.14; παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθ. ἀπολέσθαι Plu. Cam. 8.
6. with διά and gen., periphr. for a Verb, e.g. διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἐλθεῖν for μάχεσθαί τινι Hdt. 6.9, E. Hel. 978, Th. 4.92; διὰ πυρὸς ἐλθεῖν τινι rage furiously against.., E. Andr. 488 (lyr.); but οί διὰ πάντων τῶν καλῶν ἐληλυθότες who have gone through the whole circle of duties, have fulfilled them all, X. Cyr. 1.2.15; διὰ πολλῶν κινδύνων ἐλθόντες Pl. Alc. 2.142a.
7. ἔ. παρὰ τὴν γυναῖκα, παρὰ Ἀρίστωνα, of sexual intercourse, go in to her, to him, Hdt. 2.115, 6.68; πρός τινα, of marriage, X. Oec. 7.5.
8. ἔ. ἐπὶ πόλιν attack, Th. 2.11.
9. ἔ. ἐς depend upon or be concerned with, τό γ' εἰς ἀνθρώπους ἐλθόν Aristid. 1.149 J.; τοῖς λογισμοῖς εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐρχόμενοι D.S. 13.95; ὅσα εἰς ἀρετὴν ἔρχεται Lib. Or. 22.18; τῶν πραττομένων οὐκ όλίγον εἰς ἐκεῖνον ἤρχετο ib. 14.31.
ἔρχομαι ,
[in LXX very freq. for H935, also for H1980 ni., H859, etc., 34 words in all;]
1. to come;
(a) of persons, either as arriving or returning from elsewhere: Matthew 8:9, Mark 6:31, Luke 7:8, John 4:27, Romans 9:9, al,; seq. ἀπό , Mark 5:35; Mark 7:1, John 3:2, al.; ἐκ , Luke 5:17, John 3:31, al.; εἰς , Mark 1:29, al.; διά seq. εἰς , Mark 7:31; ἐν (Cremer, 263 f., but see ἐν ), Romans 15:29, 1 Corinthians 4:21; ἐπί , c. acc, Mark 6:53; Mark 11:13, John 19:33, al.; κατά , c. acc, Luke 10:33 Acts 16:7; παρά , c. gem, Luke 8:49; c. acc, Matthew 15:29, Mark 9:14, al.; c. dat. comm., incomm. (M, Pr., 75, 245), Matthew 21:5, Hebrews 2:5; Hebrews 2:16; with adverbs: πόθεν , John 3:8, al.; ἄνωθεν , John 3:31; ἄπισθεν , Mark 5:27; ὧδε , Matthew 8:29; ἐκεῖ , John 18:3; ποῦ , Hebrews 11:8; seq. ἕως , Luke 4:42; ἄχρι , Acts 11:5; with purpose expressed by inf., Mark 5:14, Luke 1:59, al.; by fut. ptcp., Matthew 27:49; ἵνα , John 12:9; εἰς τοῦτο , ἵνα , Acts 9:21; διά , c. acc, John 12:9; before verbs of action, ἔρχεται καί , ἦλθε καί , etc.: Mark 2:18, John 6:15, al.; ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε , John 1:47; John 11:34,; ἐλθών (redundant; Dalman, Words, 20 f.), Matthew 2:8; Matthew 8:7, Mark 7:25, Acts 16:39, al.; similarly ἐρχόμενος , Luke 15:25, al.; of coming into public view: esp. of the Messiah (ὁ ἐρχόμενος , Matthew 11:3, al.; v. Cremer, 264), Luke 3:16, John 4:25; hence, of Jesus, Matthew 11:19, Luke 7:34, John 5:43, al.; of the second coming, Matthew 10:23, Acts 1:11, 1 Corinthians 4:5, 1 Thessalonians 5:2, al.;
(b) of time: ἔρχονται ἡμέραι (pres. for fut.: Bl., § 56, 8), Luke 23:29, Hebrews 8:8 (LXX); fut., Matthew 9:15, Mark 2:20, al.; ἔρχεται ὥρα , ὅτε , John 4:21; John 4:23, al.; ἦλθεν , ἐλήλυθε ἡ ὥρα , John 13:1; John 16:32; John 17:1; ἡ ἡμέρα τ . κυρίου , 1 Thessalonians 5:2; καιροί , Acts 3:19;
(c) of things and events: κατακλυσμός , Luke 17:27; λιμός , Acts 7:11; ἡ ὀργή , 1 Thessalonians 1:10; ὁ λύχνος , Mark 4:21 (v. Swete, in l). Metaph., τ . ἀγαθά , Romans 3:8; τ . τέλειον , 1 Corinthians 13:10; ἡ πίστις , Galatians 3:23; Galatians 3:25; ἡ ἐντολή Romans 7:9; with prepositions: ἐκ τ . θλίψεως , Revelation 7:14; εἰς τ . χεῖρον , Mark 5:26; εἰς πειρασμόν , Mark 14:38, al.
2. to go: ὀπίσω , c. gen. (Heb. H310 H1980), Matthew 16:24, Mark 8:34, Luke 9:23; σύν , John 21:3; ὁδόν , Luke 2:44.
(Cf. ἀν -, ἐπ -αν -, ἀπ -, δι -, εἰς , ἐπ -εισ -, παρ -εισ -, συν -εισ -, ἐξ -, δι -εξ -, ἐπ -, κατ -, παρ -, ἀντι -παρ -, περι -, προ -, προσ -, συν έρχομαι .)
SYN.: πορεύομαι G4198, χωρέω G5562 (v. Thayer, s.v. ἔρχομαι G2064).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
P Fay 123.15 (c, A.D. 100) ἐλήλυθεν γὰρ Τεύφιλος Ἰουδαῖος λέγων [ὅ ]τι ἤχθην ἰς γεωργίαν, ";Teuphilus the Jew has come saying, ‘I have been pressed in as a cultivator’"; (Edd.) will serve as an instance of the ordinary use of this very common verb : the mention of the Jew Teuphilus (or Theophilus) is interesting. A few miscellaneous exx. may be added which illustrate NT constructions or phrases—with John 5:24 cf. P Lond 42.17 (B.C. 168) (= I. p. 30, Selections, p. 10) εἰς πᾶν τι ἐληλυθυῖα διὰ τὴν τοῦ σίτου τιμήν, ";having come to the last extremity because of the high price of corn,"; P Vat A.12 (B.C. 168) (= Witkowski.2, p. 65) τοῦ παιδίου σου εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθότος, P Flor II. 212.3 (A.D. 254) εἰς τοσαύτην ἀτυχίαν ἦλθες. . . ὡς μὴ ἔχειν σε ἀρτά [β ]ην μίαν λωτίνου : with John 9:39 cf. P Tor I. 1ii, .29 (B.C. 116) ἔρχεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ κριτήριον : with John 18:4 cf. the late P Iand I. 21.2 (vi/vii A.D.) ἡμῶν τὰ ἐρχόμεν [α ̣ ο ]ὐκ οἶδ [α : with Revelation 2:5; Revelation 2:16 cf. BGU IV. 1041.16 (ii/A.D.) ὅτι ἔρχομαί σοι, unfortunately in a somewhat obscure context (Aesch. Prom. Vinct. 358 ἀλλ᾽ ἦλθεν αὐτῷ Ζηνὸς ἄγρυπνον βέλος is a classical parallel to the construction) : and with 1 Corinthians 11:25 cf P Tebt II. 416.20 (iii/A.D.) ποίησον αὐτῆς ̣ τὴν χρίαν ἕως ἔλθω, ";supply her needs until I come."; Preisigke 1142 Μηνόφιλος ἐλθών (a wall-scratching from El-Amarna) shows ἐλθών used like ἥκω (cf. ib. 1143) of a worshipper (cf. John 6:37).
The intermediate form in which 1st aor. terminations are attached to the 2nd aor. appears in BGU II. 530.11 (i/A.D.) οὔτε ἀντέγραψας οὔτε ἦλθας (other exx. in Deissmann BS, p. 191). For the perf. and aor. used together (see Proleg. p. 142 f.) cf. BGU I. 27.6 (ii/A.D.) εἰς γῆν ἐλήλυθα τῇ ς ̄ τοῦ Ἐπεὶφ μηνός, καὶ ἐξε [κ ̣]ε ̣νωσα μὲν τῇ ι ̄η ̄ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μηνός.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
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