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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2186 - ἐφίστημι
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to place at, place upon, place over
- to stand by, be present
- to stand over one, place one's self above
- used esp. of persons coming upon one suddenly 1b
- an angel, of the advent of angels 1b
- of dreams
- of evils coming upon one
- to be at hand
- be ready,
- of time
- to come upon 1d
- of rain
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
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this Strong's Number
ἐφίστημι,
Ion. ἐπ-: causal in pres., impf., fut., and aor. 1 (also in the later pf. and plpf. ἐφέστᾰκα, ἐφεστάκειν [ᾰ ], v. infr. 11.1, VI. 2):
I set, place upon, τεῖχος τείχει Th. 2.75; τι ἐπί τινος Pl. Criti. 116a; τι ἐπί τινι X. HG 3.1.7; ὅρους ἐπὶ οἰκίαν D. 41.6: metaph., ἐ. τὴν ἐκεῖ μοῖραν βίῳ Pl. R. 498c; ἀνάγκην τινί D.H. 1.16.
II
1. set over, μ' Ἀπόλλων τῷδ' ἐπέστησεν τέλει A. Ag. 1202; φύλακ' ἐπέστησεν βοτ Id. Supp. 303; ἐ. τινὰ ὕπαρχόν τισι Hdt. 5.27; τινὰ παιδαγωγόν τινι Pl. Alc. 1.122b, cf. X. Lac. 2.1; τινὰ πεντηκοντόρῳ Id. An. 5.1.15; τινὰ τοῖς πράγμασι Isoc. 2.27; τὸν νόμον Arist. Pol. 1292b28; ἐπὶ [συμμάχων] τινά Plb. 2.65.9; ἐφεστάκει τινὰς πρὸς χρείαν Id. 10.20.5; κύνα ἐπὶ ποίμνην D. 26.22; τινὰ ἐπὶ τὰς εὐθύνας Id. 18.112: c. inf., βουλὴν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι τῆς εὐκοσμίας Isoc. 7.37: — Pass., to be appointed, instituted, PTeb. 61 (b).358 (ii B. C.), etc.
2. bring in, ἡ τύχη ἐπιστήσασα Ῥωμαίους Plb. 15.20.6; Φίλιππον ἐ. τοῖς πράγμασι to let him have a hand in the business, D. 19.34.
3. bring in, cause, occasion, κατάπληξίν τισι D.S. 14.62; κίνδυνον, ἀγῶνά τινι, App. Hann. 55, Syr. 10; ἡ τύχη λοιμικὴν διάθεσιν ἐπέστησε Γαλάταις Plb. 2.20.7.
III
1. set up, establish, ἀγῶνα Hdt. 1.167, 6.38: c. acc. et inf., ordain, prescribe, ὁ νόμος ἐφίστησι τὰ λοιπὰ κρίνειν τοὺς ἄρχοντας Arist. Pol. 1287a26; ἐπιστήσατε quid facere debeamus, Plin. 6.31.12. set by or near to, ἐπιστήσαντες κύκλῳ τὸ σῆμα ἱππέας Hdt. 4.72; esp. place in rear, of troops, τὴν φάλαγγα τούτοις κατόπιν ἐ. Plb. 1.33.6, cf. 1.26. 14. stop, cause to halt, ἐπιστῆσαι τὸ στράτευμα X. Cyr. 4.2.18; τὴν ὁδόν, τὴν πορείαν, D.S. 17.112, Plu. Cim. 1; τοὺς ἱππέας τοῦ πρόσω Arr. An. 5.16.1; ἐ. τὴν ὁρμήν check it, Plb. 16.34.2; τὴν διήγησιν interrupt it, Id. 7.11.1; check, ἔμμηνα Dsc. 1.125, cf. POxy. 1088.20 (i A. D.): abs., ἐπιστήσας (sc. ἑαυτόν) having halted, X. An. 1.8.15: — Pass., to be checked, stopped, PPetr. 2p.62 (iii B. C.); ἐὰν ἐφίστηται ἡ κοιλία Sor. 1.122. ἐφίστημι τὴν διάνοιαν κατά τι, περί τινος, fix one's mind upon it, attend to it, Isoc. 9.69, Arist. Metaph. 987b3, Thphr. Char.Prooem., etc.; τὴν σκέψιν περί τινος Arist. Metaph. 1090a2; τὸν λόγον Id. Juv. 470b5; τὸν νοῦν τινι D.S. 12.1; αὑτὸν ἐπιστήσας ἐπί τι Arist. Top. 135a26: ἐπιστῆσαι abs., give attention, τούτοις ἐπιστήσαντες Id. Mu. 391a26; περί τινος Id. GC 315b18; περί τι Id. HA 487a13; ἐπί τι Plb. 1.65.5, etc.; ἐπιστήσασι μᾶλλον λεκτέον one must speak with more care and accuracy, Arist. Pol. 1335b3, cf. EN 1144a22; πότερον.. ἤ Jul. ad Them. 265b; ὅτι.. Sor. 1.97 (hence ἐπίσταμαι, ἐπιστήμη, qq.v.).
2. c. acc. pers., arrest the attention of, Plu. TG 17, cf. 2.17e, Gal. 18(2).105; ἐπιστῆσαί τινα ἐπί τι call his attention to, Plb. 2.61.11, cf. 4.34.9; τοῦ καιροῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὴν διήγησιν ἐφεστακότος ἡμᾶς ἐπί τι having led us to.., Id. 10.21.2, cf. 31.23.1: hence, object, Plot. 1.4.5. intr. in Med. and Pass., ἐφίσταμαι, aor. 1 ἐπεστάθην [ S. ] Fr. [1127.5], E. Hipp. 819, IT 1375, etc., with pf., plpf. (Aeol. plpf. 3 sg. ἐπήστᾱκε Schwyzer 646.16 (Cyme, ii B. C.): Dor. plpf. 3 pl. ἐφεστάκεον [ᾱ ] SIG 241.146 (Delph., iv B. C.)), and aor. 2 Act.: (the causal tenses are not found in Hom., the Med. or Pass. only in impf. ἐφίστατο Il. 11.644; elsewh. always aor. 2 or pf. Act. with inf. ἐφεστάμεναι Od. 24.380): —
1. stand upon, τεῖχος.. ῥύατ' ἐφεσταότες Il. 18.515; πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.373; δίφρῳ ἐφεσταότος 17.609, etc.; ἐπέστη βηλῷ ἔπι λιθέῳ 23.201; ἡ.. ἐπισταθεῖσα ὀρθή Arist. Metaph. 1051a28; ἐπὶ τὰς.. σχεδίας Plb. 3.46.8.
2. to be imposed upon, μόχθων τῶν ἐφεστώτων ἐμοί S. Tr. 1170.
3. stand on the top or surface, τὸ ἐπιστάμενον [τοῦ γάλακτος ], i. e. cream, Hdt. 4.2; λιπαρότητες ἄνω ἐφιστάμεναι Hp. Prog. 12; ἐ. καθάπερ ὀρρὸς [γάλακτι ] Dsc. 1.72; of vapour, form, Arist. Juv. 469b31. II to be set over, ἐφίσταται πύλαις A. Th. 538; οἷός τε πολλοῖς προβατίοις ἐφεστάναι Ar. V. 955; οἷοι νῷν ἐφεστᾶσι σκοποί S. Aj. 945; ἄρχοντες ἐφ' ἑκάστῳ μέρει ἐ. X. Hier. 9.5; ἐπί τινος Pl. R. 460b; ἐπὶ τῆς πολιτείας D. 19.298: rarely c. gen., τὸν ἐπεστεῶτα τῆς διώρυχος Hdt. 7.117; ὅσοι θεοῦ χρημάτων ἐφέστασαν E. Andr. 1098: abs. in part., ὁ ἐφεστηκώς the person in authority, the officer in command, X. Oec. 21.9; οἱ ἐφεστῶτες, Ion. οἱ ἐπεστεῶτες, Hdt. 2.148, S. Aj. 1072, X. Mem. 3.5.19.
III
1. stand by or near, ὣς πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il. 13.133; ἐπ' ἄκρῳ χείλει ἐφεσταότες, ἐ. παρὰ τάφρῳ, 12.52, 199; θύρῃσιν ἐφίστατο 11.644; ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας, ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας, Hdt. 3.77, Pl. Smp. 212d; ἐπὶ τοῖς προθύροις Id. Phlb. 64c; esp. of dreams or visions, appear to, εὕδοντι ἐπέστη ὄνειρος Hdt. 1.34, cf. 7.14; ὄναρ κεφαλῆφιν ἐπέστη Il. 10.496; ἐπιστᾶσα τῆς νυκτός Isoc. 10.65; ἄγγελος ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς.Luke 2:9 : abs., stand by, Hdt. 3.78; πολλῶν ἐφεστώτων App. Syr. 10; ἤμην ἐφεστώς Acts 22:20; οἱ λέβητες ἐπεστεῶτες Hdt. 1.59; ὁ ἀντίδικος ἐφέστηκε Pl. Tht. 172e, cf. Aeschin. 3.79; without hostile sense, ἐπέστης S. OC 558, cf. Luke 2:38, etc.; of troops, to be posted after or behind, κατόπιν ἐ. τοῖς θηρίοις Plb. 16.18.7.
2. in hostile sense, stand against, τὰ φρονέοντες ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν Il. 15.703, cf. 5.624; ἔνθα μένος πνείοντες ἐφέστασαν Od. 22.203, cf. 24.380; appear before, of an army, ἐπὶ τῇ πόλι Hdt. 4.203; ἐπὶ τὸ βασίλειον Isoc. 9.58; come upon suddenly or by surprise, Th. 8.69; ἐξαίφνης ἐπιστὰς τοῖς γιγνομένοις Isoc. 8.41, cf. D. 6.5, Luc. DDeor. 17.1; εἰς τοὺς ὄχλους Isoc. 18.9; so of events, etc., αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐ. ὄλεθρος 1 Thessalonians 5:3, cf. Luke 21:34; διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον Plb. 18.20.7; διὰ τὸν ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα Acts 28:2.
3. metaph., of events, spring upon one, occur, πρίν μοι τύχη τοιάδ' ἐπέστη S. OT 777, cf. Th. 3.82; in pf., impend, be at hand, τὸν ἐφεστηκότα κίνδυνον τῇ πόλει D. 18.176; ὁ καιρός.. ἐφέστηκε 2 Timothy 4:6; περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως.. ὁ λόγος ἐφέστηκε νῦν Arist. Pol. 1287a2, cf. Metaph. 999a25; of a more remote future, to be in store, lie in wait for, κῆρες ἐφεστᾶσιν θανάτοιο Il. 12.326.
1. halt, stop, as in a march, ἄλλοτε καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐφιστάμενος X. An. 2.4.26 (cf. A. V); ἐπιστὰς περιέμεινα Pl. Smp. 172a: c. gen., ἐ. τοῦ πλοῦ Th. 2.91. fix one's mind on, give one's attention to, σφαγῇ E. Andr. 547; τῇ τρύγῃ PFlor. 236.4 (iii A. D.); ἐπί τι Isoc. 10.29, D. 18.60; τοῖς πράγμασιν.. ἐπιστάντες Id. 4.12; ἐπιστάς abs. (sc. τοῖς πράγμασι), Id. 18.233; διὰ ταῦτ' ἐγρήγορεν, ἐφέστηκεν Id. 6.19. aor. 1 Med. in causal sense, set up, τὰς θύρας X. Ages. 8.7; set, post, φρουροὺς ἐπεστησάμην Id. Cyr. 8.2.19; τέλος ἐπιστήσασθαι, Lat. finem imponere, Pl. Lg. 802a: pres. is once so used, τοῦ με τήνδ' ἐφίστασαι βάσιν; why dost thou cause me to halt ? S. Tr. 339.
2. ἐπιστησάμενος, intr., having been ἐπιστάτης, IGRom. 4.1265 (Thyatira).
ἐφίστημι: 2 aorist ἐπέστην, participle ἐπιστάς, imperative ἐπίστηθι; perfect participle ἐφεστώς; to place at, place upon, place over; in the N. T. only in the middle (present indicative 3 person singular ἐπίσταται (for ἐφίσταται), 1 Thessalonians 5:3 T Tr WH; see references under the word ἀφειδον) and the intransitive tenses of the active, viz. perfect and 2 aorist (see ἀνίστημι); to stand by, be present: Luke 2:38; Acts 22:20; ἐπάνω with the genitive of person to stand over one, place oneself above, Luke 4:39; used especially of persons coming upon one suddenly: simply, Luke 10:40; Luke 20:1; Acts 6:12; Acts 22:13; Acts 23:27; of an angel, Acts 12:7; with the dative of person, Acts 4:1; Acts 23:11; of the advent of angels, Luke 2:9; Luke 24:4 (of Hephaestus, Lucian, dial. deor. 17, 1; frequently of dreams, as Homer, Iliad 10, 496; 23, 106; Herodotus 1, 34; others); with the dative of place, Acts 17:5; followed by ἐπί; with the accusative of place, Acts 10:17; Acts 11:11; of evils coming upon one: with the dative of person, 1 Thessalonians 5:3 (see above); ἐπί τινα, Luke 21:34 (Wis. 6:9 Wis. 19:1; Sophocles O. R. 777; Thucydides 3, 82). equivalent to to be at hand i. e. be ready: 2 Timothy 4:2, cf. Leo at the passage (Euripides, Andr. 547; Demosthenes, p. 245, 11). to be at hand i. e. impend: of time, 2 Timothy 4:6. to come on, of rain, Acts 28:2. (Compare: κατεφιστημι, συνεφίστημι.)
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ἐφ -ίστημι ,
[in LXX for H5324 ni., H7896, H5414, etc.;]
1. causal in pres., impf., fut., 1 aor., to set upon or by, set up, etc. (Æsch., Hdt., Arist., al).
2. Intrans. in mid, and in pf. and 2 aor. act.;
(a) to stand upon;
(b) to be set over;
(c) to stand by, be present, be at hand, come on or upon: Luke 2:38; Luke 10:40; Luke 20:1, Acts 6:12; Acts 12:7; Acts 22:13; Acts 22:20; Acts 23:27, 2 Timothy 4:2; c. dat. pars., Luke 2:9; Luke 24:4, Acts 4:1; Acts 23:11; c. dat. bc., Acts 17:5; seq. έπί , c. acc, Acts 10:17; Acts 11:11; of rain, Acts 28:2; of evils impending, c. dat. pers., 1 Thessalonians 5:3; seq. έπί (Wisdom of Solomon 6:9), Luke 21:34; of time, 2 Timothy 4:6 (cf. κατ -, συν -εφίστημι ).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
ἐφίστημι occurs = ";delay,"; ";check,"; in P Petr II. 20ii. 6 (B.C. 252) ἵνα οὖν μὴ ἡ ἐξαγωγὴ τοῦ σίτου ἐπισταθῆι, ";that the transport of the wheat may not be delayed,"; and in the medical receipt, P Oxy VIII. 1088.20 (early i/A.D.) ἴσχαιμον · χαλκίτιδει λήᾳ χρῶι καὶ εὐθέως ἐπιστήσει, ";Styptic : use pounded rock-alum, and it will stop (the blood) at once"; (Ed.). It is also common = ";put up,"; ";fix,"; of doors, as in PSI IV. 396.8 (B.C. 241–0) θύραν τὴν ἐφεστηκυι ̣ͅα ̣[ν ἐ ]π ̣ὶ τῆς προσ ̣τάδος (";vestibule";), P Fay 110.87 (A.D. 94) τὰς θύρας ἐπιστησάτωσαν οἱ τέκτονες : cf. P Oxy VI. 912.27 (A.D. 235) τὰς ἐφεστώσας τοῖς τόποις θύρας καὶ κλεῖδας, ";the existing doors and keys"; (Edd.). In the late P Hamb I. 23.9 (A.D. 569) ἀμπελουργῶν ὁρμωμένων μὲν ἀπὸ κώμης. . . , ἐφεστώτων δὲ ἐνταῦθ ̣α ἐπὶ τῆς α [ὐ ]τῆς Ἀντινοέων πόλ (εως) the reference is to domicile : ";ihre ἰδία (origo) ist das Dorf . . . , ihr Domizil Antinoupolis"; (Ed.). The idea of hostile intent, as in 1 Thessalonians 5:8 (on form ἐπ —, see WH Notes.2, p. 151), appears in P Thead 21.7 (A.D. 318) τίνες κακοῦργοι ἐπιστάντες ἐκεῖσε διὰ νυκτὸς ἔνθα τὰ θρέμματα ἐβόσκετο καὶ ἀπεσύλησαν : cf., on the other hand, P Fay 20.20 (iii/iv A.D.) προορᾶσθαι τῶν ἐθνῶν οἷς ἐφεστήκασι, ";providing for the interests of the peoples over whom they are placed"; (Edd.). See also P Flor II. 236.4 (A.D. 267) ἔπεμψα Ἀπολλώνιον καὶ Κλαύδιον ἐπιστησομένους τῇ τρύγῃ τοῦ Χρυσοχόου, and P Oxy IX. 1220.22 (iii/A.D.) οὐδὲν ἠφάνισεν ὁ ἱπποποτάμις, ἤ τι γάρ ἐστιν περιέργου, ἐφίσταμε αὐτῶν, ";the hippopotamus has destroyed nothing, for if there is any superfluity, I watch over the place"; (Ed.).
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