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Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #05674 - עָבַר
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2520) rbo (אהבר AhBR) AC: Cross CO: ? AB: ?: The crossing over or passing through a land or water to gain access to the side beyond. [from: rb- filling a land] (eng: over; ford - with the exchange of the f and b; ferry)
V) rbo (אהבר AhBR) - Cross: To cross over a river or cross through a land. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (573): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hitpael, Piel, Participle) over, pass, through, go, away - Strongs: H5674 (עָבַר), H5675 (עֲבַר)
Nm) rbo (אהבר AhBR) - I. Side:As being across from the other side. II. Beyond:Across the other side. [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (91): over, pass, through, go, away - Strongs: H5676 (עֵבֶר)
Nf1) ero (אהברה AhBRH) - Wrath: As crossing over from peace. KJV (37): wrath, rage, anger - Strongs: H5678 (עֶבְרָה), H5679 (עֲבָרָה)
am) rbom (מאהבר MAhBR) - Crossing: A place in the river for crossing. KJV (11): ferry - Strongs: H4569 (מַעֲבָר)
dm) rfbo (אהבור AhBWR) - I. Produce:As what passes over the land. II. Purpose:In the sense of crossing over to something KJV (10): corn, sake, that, because, intent, deed, to - Strongs: H5668 (עָבֻר), H5669 (עֲבוּר)
Jeff Brenner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
עָבַר fut. יַעֲבֹר.
(1) to pass over. (Arabic عبر to pass over, to cross a stream; also to go away, to depart, to die; عِبْرُ, عُبْرُ shore, bank of a stream, Ufer, غبر to go away, to depart. The same stock is widely extended in the Indo-Germanic languages; see Sansc. upari, Pers. ابر, بر and زبر super, supra, Gr. ὑπέρ, πέρα, πέραν, περάω, Lat. super, Goth. ufar, afar, Germ. über.) Prop. to pass over a stream, the sea, followed by an acc. Genesis 31:21; Joshua 4:22, 24:11 Deuteronomy 3:27, 4:21 followed by בְּ Joshua 3:11; 2 Samuel 15:23; Zechariah 10:11 בְּתוֹךְ Numbers 33:8. Absol. to pass over, sc. a stream (er feßte über), Joshua 2:23, and followed by an acc. of that to which we pass over, Jeremiah 2:10, עִבְרוּ אִיִּיִ כִתִּיִּים “pass over (the sea) unto the shores of Chittim;” Amos 6:2 followed by אֶל Numbers 32:7; 1 Samuel 14:1, 1 Samuel 14:6 (where it means to pass over to an opposite place).
Specially used
(a) of the wind passing over upon any thing, followed by בְּ Psalms 103:16.
(b) of waters, which, overflowing their banks, pass over, Isaiah 8:8, 54:9 Nahum 1:8; Habakkuk 3:10 followed by an acc. of the bank, Jeremiah 5:22 used figuratively of an army overflowing, Daniel 11:10, 40 Daniel 11:40 of the feelings of the soul which overflow and pour themselves out in words, Psalms 73:7. Compare Hithpael.
(c) used of tears, as overflowing (compare Arab. عَبَِر the eye gushes with tears, Germ. die Augen gehen über, عَبْرَةُ a tear). Part. מֹר עֹבֵר overflowing myrrh, dropping spontaneously, Song of Solomon 5:5, 13.-It is
(d) to go over to some one’s side, followed by עַל Isaiah 45:14.
(e) to violate a law, 2 Kings 18:12; Esther 3:3; Jeremiah 34:18; Daniel 9:11.
(2) to pass over, to pass through, a country, a city, etc.; followed by an acc. Judges 11:29, וַיַּעֲבֹר אֶת־גִּלְעָד וְאֶת מְנַשֶּׁה “he went through Gilead and Manasseh.” Isaiah 23:10, עִבְרִי אַרְצֵךְ כַּיְאֹר “pass over thy land like the Nile” (compare No. 1, b); Psalms 8:9. More often also followed by בְּ Genesis 12:6, 30:32 Numbers 20:18, 33:8 Isaiah 8:21, 10:29 34:10 Jeremiah 2:6 followed by בֵּין (between two things) Genesis 15:17; Jeremiah 34:19 בְּתוֹךְ Job 15:19. Absol. Lamentations 3:44, “thou hast covered thyself with clouds, מִעֲבֹר תְּפִלָּה so that prayers do not pass through.”-כֶּסֶף עֹבֵר 2 Kings 12:5, more fully כּ׳ עֹבֵר לַסֹּתֵר Genesis 23:16, “money which passes with the merchants” (gangbare Münze; French, argent qui passe), is money such as merchants will take. (Whether this was stamped coin or not in the time of the patriarchs, this is not the place to investigate.) Vulg. moneta probata.
(3) to pass by (vorübergehn). Genesis 37:28, “and there passed by Ishmaelites.” Ruth 4:1. Part. עֹבְרִים Psalms 129:8, עֹבְרֵי דֶרֶךְ Psalms 80:13, 89:42 Job 21:29, passers by. Followed by an acc. of pers. or place passed by, Genesis 32:32; Judges 3:26; 2 Samuel 18:23 followed by עַל 1 Kings 9:8; 2 Kings 4:9; Proverbs 24:30; Jeremiah 18:16.; 19:8 49:17 Ezekiel 16:6, Ezekiel 16:8מֵעַלּ Genesis 18:3 עַל פְּנֵי Ezekiel 34:6 לִפְנֵי 2 Kings 4:31. Specially
(a) used of time passing by, Genesis 50:4 of the summer or winter, Jeremiah 8:20; Song of Solomon 2:11.
(b) to pass by quickly, to vanish, used of a cloud, Job 30:15 of a shadow, Psalms 144:4 of chaff, Jeremiah 13:24.
(c) to perish, Psalms 37:36; Job 34:20; Isaiah 29:5; Esther 9:28. עָבַר בַּשֶּׁלַת to perish, by the weapon (of death), Job 33:18, 36:12. עָבַר בַּשַּׁחַת to perish in the sepulchre [corruption], Job 33:28.
(d) metaph. is said עָבַר עַל פֶּשַׁע to pass by sin, i.e. to forgive, Micah 7:18; Proverbs 19:11 and without פֶּשׁעַ, followed by a dat. of pers. to forgive any one, Amos 7:8, 8:2.
(e) Isaiah 40:27, מֵאֱלֹהַי מִשְׁפָּטִי יַעֲבֹר “my cause has passed over from my God;” i.e. he does not regard my cause, he overlooks it and neglects it (er läft es ruhig an fich vorübergehn). Comp. Arab. عدا to pass by, to omit to supersede.
(4) to pass on, or along, to go beyond (weiter gehn). Genesis 18:5, אַחַר תַּעֲבֹרוּ “afterwards ye shall pass on,” go farther. 2 Samuel 18:9; Habakkuk 1:11; Esther 4:17 hence
(a) to move on, to march, Joshua 6:7, Joshua 6:8; Psalms 42:5.
(b) to pass away, to depart, Song of Solomon 5:6 followed by מִן Psalms 81:7, כַּפָּיו מִדּוּד תַּעֲבֹרְנָה “his hand departed from the basket” (for carrying burdens); i.e. he gave it up, he was freed from the work of carrying it. 1 Kings 22:24, אֵיוֶה עָבַר רוּחַ יְיָ מֵאִתִּי “which way did the Spirit of Jehovah depart from me?”
(c) to pass on to any place, to go to any place; followed by עַל 2 Kings 6:30 followed by an acc. Amos 5:5. עָבַר מֵעִיר לָעִיר to pass from city to city, to go through all the cities, 2 Chronicles 30:10. עָבַר וָשָׁב to pass on and return, to go hither and thither, Exodus 32:27; Ezekiel 35:7; Zechariah 7:14, 9:8.
(d) to enter, followed by an accus. into a gate, Micah 2:13 (opp. to יָצָא); metaph. עָבַר בַּבְּרִית to enter into a covenant, Deuteronomy 29:11 compare בּוֹא No. 1, e.
(e) followed by לִפְנֵי to pass on before, Genesis 33:3; Exodus 17:5; 2 Kings 4:31; Micah 2:13.
(f) followed by אַתֲרֵי to follow any one, 2 Samuel 20:13.
(5) Followed by עַל to pass over any person or thing, Numbers 6:5.
(a) to overwhelm any one, used of overflowing waters (compare No. 1, b), Psalms 124:4 of wine, followed by an acc. Jerem. 23:9, “like a man עֲבָרוֹ יַיִן (whom) wine overwhelms,” oppresses, (compare similar expressions under the words בָּלַע, הָלַם); used of a multitude of sins (followed by an acc.), Psalms 38:5 of the anger of God, Psalms 88:17 compare Lamentations 4:21.
(b) to rush upon any one, to attack, to assail him, followed by עַל Nahum 3:19, “whom has not thy wickedness assailed;” Job 13:13, “let what (calamity) will assail me;” Micah 5:7. Used of God himself, Job 9:11 of a spirit of jealousy, Numbers 5:14.
(c) to be imposed on any one, Deuteronomy 24:5. But Isaiah 45:14, עָבַר עַל is to pass over to another owner (speaking of riches), compare Ezekiel 48:14.
Niphal, to be passed over (as a stream), Ezekiel 47:5.
Piel, to cause to pass over, to make to pass forward
(a) a bar or bolt, hence to shut up with a bolt; to bar, followed by לִפְנֵי. 1 Kings 6:21, וַיְעַבֵּר בְּרַתּוּקוֹת זָהַב לִפְנֵי הַדְּבִיר “and he closed up with golden chains (as if with a bolt) before the holy of holies.”
(b) a female is said to let pass, to conceive seed, hence to become pregnant. Job 21:10, שׁוֹרוֹ עִבַּר “his ox (i.e. cow) becomes pregnant.” Chald. עָבַר Peal, Pael, Ethpael, id., see Bochart, Hieroz. i. p. 291, and Buxtorf, Lex. Chald., p. 1568; compare syn. עֲרָה to pass by, Ps. Aph. to become pregnant, in Targ. for הָרָה pr. to transmit.
Hiphil הֶעֱבִיר
(1) causat. of Kal No. 1, to cause to pass over, i.e. to transmit, to send over, to conduct over any one, e.g. a people, a flock across a stream, with an acc of obj., 2 Samuel 19:16 more often with two acc., of pers., and of the river, Genesis 32:24; Numbers 32:5; Joshua 7:7; 2 Samuel 19:16 with an acc. of obj, and בְּ of the river, Psalms 78:13, 136:14. This word is used whether a stream be passed in boats (drüberführen), 2 Sa. loc. cit.; as by swimming, as in the case of a flock, or by a ford (dur ch führen), Gen., Josh. l.l.c.c. It is also
(a) to cause a razor to pass over some one, followed by עַל Numbers 8:7; Ezekiel 5:1.
(b) to cause to remove from one place to another. Genesis 47:21, “and he removed the people לֶעָרִים (from cities) into cities,” i.e. from one city to another, he made them exchange habitations.
(c) to cause an inheritance to pass to any one, followed by לְ Numbers 27:7, Numbers 27:8.
(d) to cause to pass over, i.e. to violate a law (compare Kal No. 1, letter e), 1 Samuel 2:24.
(2) causat. of Kal No. 2 to cause or suffer to pass through, e.g. a land, Deuteronomy 2:30 to cause to pervade (as wild beasts in a land), Ezekiel 14:15 specially הֶעֱבִיר קוֹל בְּ to cause to be proclaimed (in a land, or camp), Exodus 36:6; Ezra 1:1, 10:7 הֶעֱבִיר שׁוֹפָר to cause the trumpet to sound throughout; i.e. to blow the trumpet, Leviticus 25:9.
(3) causat. of Kal No. 3, to cause to pass by, 1 Samuel 16:9, 10 1 Samuel 16:10, 20:36, “he shot an arrow לִהַעֲבִירוֹ so as to pass him by,” i.e. beyond him. Metaph. הֶעֱבִיר חַטָּאָה to pass by sin, to remit, to forgive (compare Kal No. 3, letter d), 2 Samuel 12:13, 24:10 Job 7:21.
(4) causat. of Kal No. 4, i.q. הֵבִיא to bring, specially to offer as a sacrifice, to consecrate, followed by לַיהוָֹה Exodus 13:12; Ezekiel 23:37 more often also in this phrase הֶעֱבִיר לַמֹּלֶךְ to offer (children) to Moloch, Leviticus 18:21; Jeremiah 32:35 compare Ezekiel 16:21, with the addition of the word בָּאֵשׁ 2 Kings 23:10; Ezekiel 20:31. It can scarcely be doubted that children thus offered to Moloch were actually burned, as is shewn by the following passages, Jeremiah 7:31, 19:5 Psalms 106:37; 2 Chronicles 28:3 compare Diod. xx. 14; Euseb. Præp. iv. 16; although the Rabbins in order to free their ancestors from the stigma of such an atrocious superstition, have alleged that they were only made to pass through the fire as a rite of lustration:
(see Carpzov, Apparatus Antiqu. Cod. S. p. 487); the same opinion is found in the LXX. 2 Kings 16:3. The idea of offering being neglected, this word appears to have the signification of burning, in the phrase הֶעֱבִיר בַּמַּלְבֵּן to cast into the brick-kiln, 2 Samuel 12:31.
(5) causat. of Kal No. 4, b, to lead away, 2 Chronicles 35:23 to take away, to remove, e.g. a garment, Jonah 3:6 a ring, Esther 8:2 idols, lying prophets, 2 Chronicles 15:8; Zechariah 13:2 to avert evil, reproach, Esther 8:3; Psalms 119:37, 39 Psalms 119:39; Ecclesiastes 11:10.
Hithpael
(1) to pour oneself forth in wrath, i.e. pour forth wrath, to be wroth (compare Kal No. 1, b), Psalms 78:21, 59 Psalms 78:59 followed by בְּ Psalms 78:69 עִם Psalms 89:39 עַל Proverbs 26:17 with suff. Proverbs 20:2, מִתְעַבְּרוֹ for מ׳ לוֹ “whoever pours forth wrath against him” (the king). (Compare Arab. جَارَ to transgress, to be proud, to burn with anger).
(2) to be proud, ὑβρίζειν, Proverbs 14:16 (compare עֶבְרָה No. 2).
Derived nouns, עֲבוּר, מַעֲבָר, מַעֲבָרָה, and those which follow as far as עַבְרוֹנָה.
the Seventh Week after Easter